debian 更换源 使用国内源 配置方法

配置前请先参考：

https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList
https://www.debian.org/mirror/list
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/debian.html

官方镜像地址：

ftp.cn.debian.org   #中科大
ftp2.cn.debian.org  #清华

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian stretch main
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main

使用https地址，可以有效避免国内运营商的缓存劫持
以清华大学地址为例：

apt install apt-transport-https
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
#backports请按需使用
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free 
#buster请按需使用
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster main

https://backports.debian.org

使用backports安装应用：

apt -t stretch-backports install ...

若要使用https源，则需要执行apt-get install apt-transport-https，再执行apt-get update更新索引。

2.常用站点列表

163镜像站  

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib

中科大镜像站

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

清华大学镜像站

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

阿里云镜像站

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib

兰州大学镜像站

deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

上海交大镜像站

deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

华为镜像站

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free