car n. /kɑː(r)/ cars
( also BrE ˈmotor car ) ( NAmE also automobile )
1.
a road vehicle with an engine and four wheels that can carry a small number of passengers小汽车；轿车
•Paula got into the car and drove off.葆拉钻进汽车后驾车而去。
•‘How did you come?’ ‘ By car .’ “你怎么来的？”“开车来的。”
•Are you going in the car ?你要开车去吗？
•a car driver/manufacturer/dealer汽车司机╱制造商╱经销商
•a car accident/crash汽车事故；撞车
•Where can I park the car?我可以在哪里停车呀？
2.
( both NAmE also railcar ) a separate section of a train火车车厢
•Several cars went off the rails.有几节火车车厢出轨了。
3.
( BrE ) ( in compounds构成复合词 ) a coach/ car on a train of a particular type （某种类型的）火车车厢
•a sleeping/dining car卧铺车厢；餐车
careful adj. /ˈkeəfl/
1.[ not before noun]
~ (to do sth)
~ (not to do sth)
~ (when/what/how, etc.)
~ (of/about/with sth)
giving attention or thought to what you are doing so that you avoid hurting yourself, damaging sth or doing sth wrong小心；注意；谨慎
•Be careful!小心！
•He was careful to keep out of sight.他小心翼翼地躲开别人的视线。
•Be careful not to wake the baby.注意别吵醒了宝宝。
•You must be careful when handling chemicals.接触化学药品必须小心谨慎。
•Be careful of the traffic.注意交通安全。
•Please be careful with my glasses (= Don't break them) .请当心别打碎我的眼镜。
•Be careful you don't bump your head.留神别撞了头。
2.
giving a lot of attention to details细致的；精心的；慎重的
•a careful piece of work精雕细琢的作品
•a careful examination of the facts对事实的仔细调查
•After careful consideration we have decided to offer you the job.经过慎重考虑后，我们决定给你这份工作。
carry v. /ˈkæri/ carries, carrying, carried, carried
1.
to support the weight of sb/sth and take them or it from place to place; to take sb/sth from one place to another拿；提；搬；扛；背；抱；运送
•He was carrying a suitcase.他提着一只手提箱。
•She carried her baby in her arms.她怀里抱着她的宝宝。
•The injured were carried away on stretchers.伤员用担架抬走了。
•a train carrying commuters to work运送上班乘客的市郊往返列车
2.
to have sth with you and take it wherever you go携带；佩戴
•Police in many countries carry guns.许多国家的警察都带枪。
•I never carry much money on me.我身上从不多带钱。
centre /center /ˈsentə(r)/ -s
1.
[ C] the middle point or part of sth中心点；中心；正中；中央
•the centre of a circle圆心
•a long table in the centre of the room房间中央的长桌
•chocolates with soft centres软心巧克力糖
2.
( especially BrE ) [C] ( NAmE usually also down·town [ usually sing. ] ) the main part of a town or city where there are a lot of shops/stores and offices（市镇的）中心区
•in the town/city centre在镇╱市中心区
•the centre of town市中心
•a town-centre car park市中心停车场
3.
[ C] a place or an area where a lot of people live; a place where a lot of business or cultural activity takes place人口集中的地区；商业中心区；文化中心区
•major urban/industrial centres主要城市╱工业中心
•a centre of population人口密集区
•Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the surrounding villages.印度南部的小城镇是周围村庄的经济文化中心。
4.
[ C] a building or place used for a particular purpose or activity中心；活动中心
•a shopping/sports/leisure/community centre购物╱运动╱休闲╱社区中心
•the Centre for Policy Studies政策研究中心
century n. /ˈsentʃəri/ centuries
1.
a period of 100 years 100年；百年
2.
any of the periods of 100 years before or after the birth of Christ世纪
•in the 20th century (= AD1901–2000 or 1900–1999) 在20世纪
•eighteenth-century writers 18世纪的作家
certainly adv. /ˈsɜːtnli/
1.
without doubt无疑；确定；肯定
•Without treatment, she will almost certainly die.要是不治疗，她十有八九会死。
•Certainly, the early years are crucial to a child's development.毫无疑问，幼年对儿童的成长至关重要。
•I'm certainly never going there again.我肯定不会再去那里了。
2.
( used in answer to questions用于回答问题 ) of course 当然；行
•‘May I see your passport, Mr Scott?’ ‘Certainly.’ “斯科特先生，请出示您的护照好吗？”“当然可以。”
•‘Do you think all this money will change your life?’ ‘Certainly not.’ “你认为这些钱会改变你的生活吗？”“当然不会。”
chalk /tʃɔːk/
1.
[ U] a type of soft white stone白垩
•the chalk cliffs of southern England英格兰南部的白垩质峭壁
2.
[ U] a substance similar to chalk made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing（白色或彩色的）粉笔
•a piece of chalk一支粉笔
•drawing diagrams with chalk on the blackboard用粉笔在黑板上画图表
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v. changes, changing, changed, changed
1.
[ V] to become different改变；变化
•Rick hasn't changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.里克一点儿没变，他和上学时一模一样。
•changing attitudes towards education不断变化的对教育的看法
•Her life changed completely when she won the lottery.买彩票中奖后她的生活完全变了。
2.
[ VN] to make sb/sth different使不同
•Fame hasn't really changed him.名声并没有使他有丝毫改变。
•Computers have changed the way people work.计算机改变了人的工作方式。
3.
~ (sb/sth) (from A) to/into B
to pass or make sb/sth pass from one state or form into another（使）变换，改换，变成
[ V]
•Caterpillars change into butterflies.毛虫变成蝴蝶。
•Wait for the traffic lights to change.等待交通灯变换颜色。
•The lights changed from red to green.交通灯已由红变绿。
•With a wave of her magic wand, she changed the frog into a handsome prince.她魔杖一挥，把青蛙变成了英俊的王子。
4.
[ VN] to stop having one state, position or direction and start having another转换；变更
•Leaves change colour in autumn.树叶在秋天改变颜色。
•The wind has changed direction.风向已经变了。
•Our ship changed course.我们的船改变了航向。
5.
~ sb/sth (for sb/sth)
~ sth (to sth)
to replace one thing, person, service, etc. with sth new or different替代；替换；更换
•I want to change my doctor.我想另找一位医生看病。
•We change our car every two years.我们的车每两年更换一次。
•We changed the car for a bigger one.我们换了一辆较大的车。
•Marie changed her name when she got married.玛丽婚后改了姓。
•She changed her name to his.她改用了他的姓氏。
•That back tyre needs changing.那个后轮胎需要更换。
6.
[ VN] ~ sth (with sb)( used with a plural object与复数宾语连用 ) to exchange positions, places, etc. with sb else, so that you have what they have, and they have what you have 互换；交换
•At half-time the teams change ends.球队在半场时交换场地。
•Can we change seats?咱们可以交换一下座位吗？
•Can I change seats with you?我可以和您换一下座位吗？
7.
~ (into sth)
~ (out of sth)
to put on different or clean clothes换衣服；更（衣）
•I went into the bedroom to change.我走进卧室更衣。
•She changed into her swimsuit.她换上了游泳衣。
•You need to change out of those wet things.你该把那些湿衣服换掉。
•I didn't have time to get changed before the party (= to put different clothes on) .我没时间在聚会前更换衣服。
•I didn't have time to change clothes before the party.我没时间在聚会前更换衣服。
8.
[ VN] to put clean clothes or a clean nappy / diaper on a baby更换（衣服或尿布）
•She can't even change a nappy.她连换尿布都不会。
•The baby needs changing.该给婴儿换尿布了。
•There are baby changing facilities in all our stores.我们所有的商店都有供顾客给婴儿换尿布的地方。
9.
[ VN] to put clean sheets, etc. on a bed换（床单等）
•to change the sheets换床单
•Could you help me change the bed?你帮我换一下床单好吗？
10.
[ VN] ~ sth (into sth)
to exchange money into the money of another country把（货币）兑换（成另一种货币）
•Where can I change my traveller's cheques?哪里可以兑换旅行支票？
•to change dollars into yen把美元兑换成日元
11.
[ VN] ~ sth (for/into sth)
to exchange money for the same amount in different coins or notes将…换成零钱
•Can you change a￡20 note? 你能把一张20英镑的钞票换成零钱吗？
•to change a dollar bill for four quarters把一元美钞换为四个二十五分币
12.
[ VN] ~ sth (for sth)( BrE ) to exchange sth that you have bought for sth else, especially because there is sth wrong with it; to give a customer a new item because there is sth wrong with the one they have bought退换；掉换
•This shirt I bought's too small—I'll have to change it for a bigger one.我买的这件衬衫太小，得换件大的。
•Of course we'll change it for a larger size, Madam.夫人，我们当然会给您掉换件大号的。
13.
to go from one bus, train, etc. to another in order to continue a journey换乘；转乘
•Where do I have to change?我该在哪儿换车？
•Change at Reading (for London).在雷丁换车（去伦敦）。
•I stopped in Moscow only to change planes.我为了转机才在莫斯科停留。
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ n. changes
1. ~ (in/to sth)
the act or result of sth becoming different改变；变化；变更；变革
•a change in the weather天气的变化
•important changes to the tax system税收制度的重大变革
•There was no change in the patient's condition overnight.病人整夜病情不变。
•She is someone who hates change.她是十分讨厌变革的那种人。
•social/political/economic change社会╱政治╱经济变革
2.
~ (from sth)the fact of a situation, a place or an experience being different from what is usual and therefore likely to be interesting, enjoyable, etc.（会令人感兴趣或可喜的）变化，变更
•Finishing early was a welcome change .能早日结束是个可喜的变化。
•Let's stay in tonight for a change .咱们今晚换换口味，就待在家里吧。
•Can you just listen for a change ?换你当一回听众，好吗？
•It makes a change to read some good news for once.破例读到点好消息，真让人高兴。
3.
~ (of sth)
~ (from sth to sth)
the process of replacing sth with sth new or different; a thing that is used to replace sth替代；更换；替代物
•a change of address地址的变更
•a change of government政府的更迭
•a change from agriculture to industry从农业向工业转换
•There will be a crew change when we land at Dubai.我们在迪拜着陆后将更换机组人员。
•Let's get away for the weekend. A change of scene (= time in a different place) will do you good.咱们出去度周末吧，换换环境会对你有好处的。
4.
~ of clothes, etc. [ C] an extra set of clothes, etc.额外一套衣物（等）
•She packed a change of clothes for the weekend.她已收拾好度周末的一套换洗衣物。
•I keep a change of shoes in the car.我在车里放有一双供替换的鞋。
5.
[ U] the money that you get back when you have paid for sth giving more money than the amount it costs找给的零钱；找头
•Don't forget your change!别忘了找给你的零钱！
•That's 40p change.这是找给您的40便士。
•The ticket machine gives change.自动售票机可以找零。
6.
[ U] coins rather than paper money辅币；硬币；分币
•Do you have any change for the phone?你有打电话的硬币吗？
•a dollar in change (= coins that together are worth one dollar)总值一元钱的硬币
•I didn't have any small change (= coins of low value) to leave as a tip.我没有零钱留下来付小费。
•He puts his loose change in a money box for the children.他把身上的零钱放进了给孩子的钱箱。
•Could you give me change for a ten pound note (= coins or notes that are worth this amount) ?你能换给我十英镑的零钱吗？
7.
[ C] an occasion when you go from one bus, train or plane to another during a journey换车；转车；换机
•The journey involved three changes.这趟旅行中转过三次。
cheap /tʃiːp/ 比较级cheaper, 最高级cheapest
1.
costing little money or less money than you expected花钱少的；便宜的；廉价的
•cheap fares便宜的交通费
•Personal computers are cheap and getting cheaper.个人电脑现在价格便宜，以后还会越来越便宜。
•Cycling is a cheap way to get around.骑自行车是一种省钱的旅游方式。
•The printer isn't exactly cheap at￡200. 这打印机价格为200英镑并不是很便宜。
•immigrant workers, used as a source of cheap labour (= workers who are paid very little, especially unfairly)作为廉价劳动力来源的移民工人
2.
charging low prices收费低廉的
•a cheap restaurant/hotel收费低廉的餐馆╱旅馆
•We found a cheap and cheerful cafe (= one that is simple and charges low prices but is pleasant) .我们找到了一家价格低廉、环境宜人的咖啡馆。
3.
( disapproving) low in price and quality价低质劣的
•cheap perfume/jewellery/shoes低价劣质香水╱珠宝╱鞋
•a cheap and nasty bottle of wine一瓶便宜的劣质葡萄酒