HBase环境搭建有三种方式：1.本地模式：只需要一个节点（只有HMaster，没有HRegionServer），不需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在本地文件系统上；2.伪分布模式：只需要一个节点（HMaster和HRegionServer在同一个节点上），需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在HDFS上；3.全分布模式：至少需要3个节点（一个HMaster节点和至少2个HRegionServer节点），需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在HDFS上。本节先来介绍HBase伪分布模式的环境搭建过程。
集群环境介绍：
master 192.168.112.10
slave1 192.168.112.11
slave2 192.168.112.12
zookeeper安装包：zookeeper-3.4.11：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_6TQRcybzU4PDY_-oOREmA
1.搭建Hadoop全分布环境
Hadoop全分布模式的搭建过程请参看文章：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/2a947044f2dc
2.搭建ZooKeeper伪分布环境
请参看文章：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/8935a8a34d6a
3.搭建HBase全分布环境
3.1 下载HBase安装包:
可以从上面的安装介质链接中下载HBase安装包，或者去HBase官网hbase.apache.org下载最新HBase安装包，然后使用WinSCP工具将下载好的安装包上传至master节点的/usr/local/src目录下。
/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1
3.2 解压：
tar -zxvf hbase-2.0.1-bin.tar.gz
3.3 配置HBase环境变量（三台机器都做一遍）
root@master tools]# cd /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/
[root@master hbase-2.0.1]# pwd
/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1
[root@master hbase-2.0.1]# vim /root/.bash_profile
HBASE_HOME=/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1
export HBASE_HOME
PATH=$HBASE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
[root@master hbase-2.0.1]# source /root/.bash_profile
3.4 配置HBase配置文件
配置前启动Hadoop全分布集群：
[root@master sbin]# ./start-all.sh，启动后在HDFS上新建一个目录用来存储HBase的数据：
[root@master ~]# hdfs dfs -mkdir /hbase
3.5 进入$HBASE_HOME/conf目录，配置hbase-env.sh：
[root@master conf]# vim hbase-env.sh
# The java implementation to use. Java 1.8+ required.
# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/
export JAVA_HOME=/root/trainings/jdk1.8.0_144
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true（使用hbase自带的zookeeper）
3.6 配置hbase-site.xml
[root@localhost conf]# vim hbase-site.xml
hbase.rootdir
hdfs://master:9000/hbase
hbase.cluster.distributed
true
hbase.zookeeper.quorum
master
dfs.replication
2
3.7 配置regionservers
[root@master conf]# vim regionservers
slave1
slave2
3.8 将配置好的HBase目录分发给从节点
[root@master src]# scp -rp hbase-2.0.1 slave1:/usr/local/src/
[root@master src]# scp -rp hbase-2.0.1 slave2:/usr/local/src/
3.9 启动HBase集群
]# start-hbase.sh
[root@master src]# start-hbase.sh
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
master: running zookeeper, logging to /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper-master.out
running master, logging to /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/logs/hbase-root-master-master.out
slave1: running regionserver, logging to /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-slave1.out
slave2: running regionserver, logging to /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-slave2.out
[root@master src]#
3.10.1 检查进程：
[root@master src]# jps
2709 SecondaryNameNode
2522 NameNode
3930 Jps
3693 HQuorumPeer
2863 ResourceManager
3759 HMaster
[root@slave1 ~]# jps
2288 NodeManager
2180 DataNode
2505 HRegionServer
2638 Jps
[root@slave2 ~]# jps
2657 Jps
2500 HRegionServer
2262 NodeManager
2153 DataNode
可以看到，HBase全分布模式启动之后HMaster进程和HRegionServer进程在位于不同的节点上。
可以在网页上监控HBase的状态信息：端口号16010
4.使用HBase shell
使用hbase shell命令可以进入HBase命令行模式：
[root@master ~]# hbase shell
2018-07-16 23:32:59,553 WARN [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
Version 2.0.1, r987f7b6d37c2fcacc942cc66e5c5122aba8fdfbe, Wed Jun 13 12:03:55 PDT 2018
Took 0.0020 seconds
hbase(main):001:0> create 'tblStudent','Info','Grade'
Created table tblStudent
Took 1.8144 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tblStudent
hbase(main):002:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Info:name','Tom'
Took 0.1655 seconds
hbase(main):003:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Info:age','25'
Took 0.0129 seconds
hbase(main):004:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Grade:chinese','88'
Took 0.0053 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Grade:math','90'
Took 0.0080 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Info:name','Jack'
Took 0.0042 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Info:age','23'
Took 0.6333 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Grade:english','78'
Took 0.0457 seconds
hbase(main):009:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Grade:math','60'
Took 0.0108 seconds
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'tblStudent'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
stu001 column=Grade:chinese, timestamp=1531755222379, value=88
stu001 column=Grade:math, timestamp=1531755227442, value=90
stu001 column=Info:age, timestamp=1531755216220, value=25
stu001 column=Info:name, timestamp=1531755211017, value=Tom
stu002 column=Grade:english, timestamp=1531755253054, value=78
stu002 column=Grade:math, timestamp=1531755258620, value=60
stu002 column=Info:age, timestamp=1531755246729, value=23
stu002 column=Info:name, timestamp=1531755232841, value=Jack
2 row(s)
Took 0.0607 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> quit
使用quit命令退出HBase命令行环境。
查看HDFS上/hbase目录下产生的数据：
[root@slave2 ~]# hdfs dfs -ls /hbase
Found 12 items
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/.hbck
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-08 22:53 /hbase/.tmp
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-08 22:53 /hbase/MasterProcWALs
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-08 22:53 /hbase/WALs
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-07 13:02 /hbase/archive
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/corrupt
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/data
-rw-r--r-- 2 root supergroup 42 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/hbase.id
-rw-r--r-- 2 root supergroup 7 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/hbase.version
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/mobdir
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-08 22:53 /hbase/oldWALs
drwx--x--x - root supergroup 0 2018-10-06 01:16 /hbase/staging
5.停止HBase全分布模式
[root@master src]# stop-hbase.sh
stopping hbase.................
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/src/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
master: running zookeeper, logging to /usr/local/src/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper-master.out
master: stopping zookeeper.
[root@master src]# jps
2709 SecondaryNameNode
4486 Jps
2522 NameNode
2863 ResourceManager
[root@master src]#
[root@slave1 ~]# jps
2288 NodeManager
2180 DataNode
2751 Jps
[root@slave2 ~]# jps
3378 Jps
2262 NodeManager
2153 DataNode
至此，HBase全分布模式环境搭建完成！