数组表达式运算符主要用于文档中数组的操作,本篇我们主要介绍数组表达式运算符中用于获取数组元素的操作,下面我们进行详细介绍:
初始化成员数据
db.persons.insertMany([
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "fruits" : [ "apple", "orange" ] },
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "fruits" : [ "banana", "apple" ] },
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "fruits" : [ "banana", "apple", "orange" ] },
{ "_id" : "1004", "name" : "赵六", "fruits" : [ ] },
{ "_id" : "1005", "name" : "田七" },
])
语法:{ $arrayElemAt: [
获取数组中指定索引位置的元素
数组的索引从0开始,最大值为数组的长度-1
例子1:找到每个人最喜欢吃的第一个水果
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"firstFruit": { $arrayElemAt: [ "$fruits", 0 ] }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "firstFruit" : "apple" }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "firstFruit" : "banana" }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "firstFruit" : "banana" }
{ "_id" : "1004", "name" : "赵六" }
{ "_id" : "1005", "name" : "田七", "firstFruit" : null }
字段未定义时,结果为null,
索引超过数组边界则不返回结果。
例子2:找到每个人最喜欢吃的最后一个水果
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"lastFruit": { $arrayElemAt: [ "$fruits", -1 ] }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "lastFruit" : "orange" }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "lastFruit" : "apple" }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "lastFruit" : "orange" }
{ "_id" : "1004", "name" : "赵六" }
{ "_id" : "1005", "name" : "田七", "lastFruit" : null }
索引为负数代表的是从后往前查找元素
语法:{ $first:
获取数组中第一个元素
例子:找到每个人最喜欢吃的第一个水果
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"firstFruit": { $first: "$fruits" }
}
}
])
等效于:
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"firstFruit": { $arrayElemAt: [ "$fruits", 0 ] }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "firstFruit" : "apple" }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "firstFruit" : "banana" }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "firstFruit" : "banana" }
{ "_id" : "1004", "name" : "赵六" }
{ "_id" : "1005", "name" : "田七", "firstFruit" : null }
语法:{ $last:
获取数组中最后一个元素
例子:找到每个人最喜欢吃的最后一个水果
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"lastFruit": { $last: "$fruits" }
}
}
])
等效于:
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"lastFruit": { $arrayElemAt: [ "$fruits", -1 ] }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "lastFruit" : "orange" }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "lastFruit" : "apple" }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "lastFruit" : "orange" }
{ "_id" : "1004", "name" : "赵六" }
{ "_id" : "1005", "name" : "田七", "lastFruit" : null }