PhoneWindow:
PhoneWindow是Android系统中最基本的窗口系统,继承自Windows类,负责管理界面显示以及事件响应。它是Activity与View系统交互的接口
面试讲解:
Activity是系统可视化交互组件,四大组件都由AMS统一管理生命周期,事实上它的职责只是生命周期的管理,由设计模式的单一职责的原则,那势需要将Activity和其上的视图View进行解耦,那么就引入Window的概念,它是个抽象类,对于Activity来说,它的具体实现类是PhoneWindow,在Activity执行attach的时候,会创建一个PhoneWindow对象。PhoneWindow作为装载根视图DecorView的顶级容器,负责管理界面显示以及事件响应。它是Activity与View系统交互的接口,DecorView是它的一个成员变量
ViewRoot:
ViewRoot在Activtiy启动时创建,负责管理、布局、渲染窗口UI等等
DecorView:
DecorView是PhoneWindow中的起始节点View,继承于View类,作为整个视图容器来使用。用于设置窗口属性。它本质上是一个FrameLayout
ViewRoot是连接WindowManager和DecorVIew的纽带。View的三大流程(measure layout draw)都是通过ViewRoot完成的。在ActivityThread中,Activity创建后,DecorView会被添加到Window中,同时创建ViewRootImpl,然后将DecorView与ViewRootImpl建立关联(通过ViewRoot的setView方法)。
什么是View?
在Android中,什么是View?View是Android中所有控件的基类,不管是简单的TextView,Button还是复杂的LinearLayout和ListView,它们的共同基类都是View;
View是一种界面层的控件的一种抽象,它代表了一个控件
ViewGroup
除了View还有ViewGroup,从名字来看ViewGroup可以翻译为控件组,即一组View;
在Android中,ViewGroup也继承了View,这就意味着View可以是单个控件,也可以是由多个控件组成的一组控件;
View的位置参数
View和位置主要由它的四个顶点来决定,分别对应View的四个属性:top、left、right、bottom,top是左上角纵坐标,left是左上角横坐标,right是右下角横坐标,bottom是右下角纵坐标;对应如图所示:
DecorView ——> FrameLayout ——> ViewGroup ——> View ——>
View 继承了Drawable.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, AccessibilityEventSource 三个接口
一个 Activity 包含一个 Window 对象,这个对象是由 PhoneWindow 来实现的。PhoneWindow 将 DecorView 作为整个应用窗口的根 View,而这个 DecorView 又将屏幕划分为两个区域:一个是 TitleView,另一个是 ContentView,而我们平常做应用所写的布局正是展示在 ContentView 中的
当我们点击屏幕时,就产生了点击事件,这个事件被封装成了一个类:MotionEvent。而当这个 MotionEvent 产生后,那么系统就会将这个 MotionEvent 传递给 View 的层级,MotionEvent在 View 中的层级传递过程就是点击事件分发。
• dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—用来进行事件的分发。
• onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—用来进行事件的拦截,在 dispatchTouchEvent()中调用,需要注意的是 View 没有提供该方法。
• onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—用来处理点击事件,在 dispatchTouchEvent()方法中进行调用。
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
boolean result=false;
if(onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)){
result=super.onTouchEvent(ev);
}else{
result=child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
return result;
View:
WindowSession
WindowManagerGlobal.java core\java\android\view 中构造
Session 意思是会话,这个类用于APP 和 WMS 的会话,一个进程只有一个。
@UnsupportedAppUsage
public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() {
synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
if (sWindowSession == null) {
try {
// Emulate the legacy behavior. The global instance of InputMethodManager
// was instantiated here.
// TODO(b/116157766): Remove this hack after cleaning up @UnsupportedAppUsage
InputMethodManager.ensureDefaultInstanceForDefaultDisplayIfNecessary();
IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService();
sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession(
new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() {
@Override
public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) {
ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale);
}
});
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
return sWindowSession;
}
}
//实质上是通过WMS 创建
@Override
public IWindowSession openSession(IWindowSessionCallback callback) {
return new Session(this, callback);
}
WMS中是Bn,app中是Bp
class W
ViewRootImpl.java core\java\android\view
继承自IWindow.Stub
显然这是一个Bn对象,WMS是用来进行事件通知的,每当发现一些事情时,WMS就通过W 的Bp端通知 与之对应的 Bn,可以认为是一个回调,每个ViewRootImpl 只有一个
按键事件分发流程:
- InputeManagerService 将按键事件通知 WMS
- WMS找到屏幕顶端的进程所对应的IWindow对象,这个是一个Bp
- 调用Bp的DispatchKey,Bn根据内部View 的位置信息找到真正处理这个事件的View,最后调用DispatchKey完成分派。
ViewRootImpl.java core\java\android\view
requestLayout()
安排第一个布局 -before- 添加到窗口管理器,以确保我们在从系统接收任何其他事件之前进行重新布局。
class MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec是View类的一个内部类,该类封装了一个View的规格尺寸,包括View的宽和高的信息,但是要注意,MeasureSpec并不是指View的测量宽高,这是不同的,是根据MeasueSpec而测出测量宽高。
MeasureSpec的作用在于:在Measure流程中,系统会将View的LayoutParams根据父容器所施加的规则转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后在onMeasure方法中根据这个MeasureSpec来确定View的测量宽高。
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
/** @hide */
@IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
* on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
* 父级未对子级施加任何约束。 它可以是它想要的任何尺寸。
*/
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
* for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
* of how big it wants to be.
* 父母已经确定了孩子的确切尺寸。 无论孩子想要多大,都将被赋予这些界限。
*/
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
* to the specified size.
* 子项可以根据需要达到指定的大小。
*/
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
*
* The mode must always be one of the following:
*
* - {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}
* - {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
* - {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}
*
*
* Note: On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
* implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
* and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
* {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
* Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
* behavior.
*
* @param size the size of the measure specification
* @param mode the mode of the measure specification
* @return the measure specification based on size and mode
*/
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
/**
* Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
* will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
*
* @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
* @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
*/
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
/**
* Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
* @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
*/
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
// No need to adjust size for UNSPECIFIED mode.
return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
}
size += delta;
if (size < 0) {
Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
size = 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Returns a String representation of the specified measure
* specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to convert to a String
* @return a String with the following format: "MeasureSpec: MODE SIZE"
*/
public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
else if (mode == EXACTLY)
sb.append("EXACTLY ");
else if (mode == AT_MOST)
sb.append("AT_MOST ");
else
sb.append(mode).append(" ");
sb.append(size);
return sb.toString();
}
}