最近要使用ESP32进行ADC采样,需要对ESP32的ADC采样率进行设置,查阅后发现网上这方面的资料非常少,所以把配置过程写下来以供大家参考
文章目录
- 一、ESP32的ADC外设
- 二、示例代码修改
- 三、ADC采样率获取
- 四、采样率配置
- 五、实验验证
- 六、可能出现的问题
打开ESP32的技术规格书第34页,可见ESP32具有2个12位的逐次逼近型ADC,他有RTC和DIG两个控制器,其中RTC控制器最大采样率为200KSPS,DIG控制器为2MSPS,如果我们需要采样频率较高的信号,就必须使用DIG控制器。
打开ESP32的技术参考手册第577页找到DIG控制器,可见我们为了追求最大的采样率,应该考虑使用DMA配合ADC使用。
打开ESP-IDF的官方ADC_DMA示例程序,这里我用的是VSCODE+ESP-IDF(v4.4)插件,由于我使用的是ESP32芯片,所以我将所有用于适配其他芯片部分的代码删除,删除后的示例代码如下:
#include
#include
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/semphr.h"
#include "driver/adc.h"
#define TIMES 1000 //一次的采样点数*2
#define GET_UNIT(x) ((x >> 3) & 0x1)
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
#define ADC_RESULT_BYTE 2
#define ADC_CONV_LIMIT_EN 1 // For ESP32, this should always be set to 1
#define ADC_CONV_MODE ADC_CONV_SINGLE_UNIT_1 // ESP32 only supports ADC1 DMA mode
#define ADC_OUTPUT_TYPE ADC_DIGI_OUTPUT_FORMAT_TYPE1
#endif
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
static uint16_t adc1_chan_mask = BIT(7);
static uint16_t adc2_chan_mask = 0;
static adc_channel_t channel[1] = {ADC1_CHANNEL_7}; //设置ADC引脚
#endif
static uint32_t ret_num = 0;
static uint8_t result[TIMES] = {0}; //采样结果存放数组
static const char *TAG = "{adc}";
int countNum;
static void continuous_adc_init(uint16_t adc1_chan_mask, uint16_t
adc2_chan_mask, adc_channel_t *channel, uint8_t channel_num)
{
adc_digi_init_config_t adc_dma_config = {
.max_store_buf_size = 1024,
.conv_num_each_intr = TIMES,
.adc1_chan_mask = adc1_chan_mask,
.adc2_chan_mask = adc2_chan_mask,
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_digi_initialize(&adc_dma_config));
adc_digi_configuration_t dig_cfg = {
.conv_limit_en = ADC_CONV_LIMIT_EN,
.conv_limit_num = 250,
.sample_freq_hz = 100000, //采样率
.conv_mode = ADC_CONV_MODE,
.format = ADC_OUTPUT_TYPE,
};
adc_digi_pattern_config_t adc_pattern[SOC_ADC_PATT_LEN_MAX] = {0};
dig_cfg.pattern_num = channel_num;
for (int i = 0; i < channel_num; i++)
{
uint8_t unit = GET_UNIT(channel[i]);
uint8_t ch = channel[i] & 0x7;
adc_pattern[i].atten = ADC_ATTEN_DB_11; //衰减倍率
adc_pattern[i].channel = ch;
adc_pattern[i].unit = unit;
adc_pattern[i].bit_width = SOC_ADC_DIGI_MAX_BITWIDTH; //采样位数
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].atten is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].atten);
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].channel is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].channel);
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].unit is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].unit);
}
dig_cfg.adc_pattern = adc_pattern;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_digi_controller_configure(&dig_cfg));
}
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
static bool check_valid_data(const adc_digi_output_data_t *data)
{
const unsigned int unit = data->type2.unit;
if (unit > 2)
return false;
if (data->type2.channel >= SOC_ADC_CHANNEL_NUM(unit))
return false;
return true;
}
#endif
void app_main(void)
{
memset(result, 0xcc, TIMES);
continuous_adc_init(adc1_chan_mask, adc2_chan_mask, channel, sizeof(channel) / sizeof(adc_channel_t));
adc_digi_start();
while(1)
{
adc_digi_read_bytes(result, TIMES, &ret_num, ADC_MAX_DELAY);
for (int i = 0; i < ret_num; i += ADC_RESULT_BYTE)
{
adc_digi_output_data_t *p = (void *)&result[i];
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%d", p->type1.data);
// printf("{value}%d\n", p->type1.data);
// vTaskDelay(10/ portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}
}
首先ADC的采样率等于单位时间采样的点数,所以需要定义一个变量为countNum,这个变量用于累计单位时间的采样点的个数,把countNum放到ADC采样部分,每完成一次ADC采样就加一,使用freertos中的任务创建函数xTaskCreate(countTask, “countTask”, 1024 * 10, NULL, 2, NULL);,在这个函数中,使用死循环,每间隔一秒打印一次countNum的值,因为这个任务与ADC采样并行运行,所以countNum即为ADC的采样率,代码如下
void countTask(void *param)//创建获取采样率任务
{
while (1)
{
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
printf("{count}%d\n", countNum);
countNum = 0;
}
}
adc_digi_read_bytes(result, TIMES, &ret_num, ADC_MAX_DELAY);//ADC采样数据读取
for (int i = 0; i < ret_num; i += ADC_RESULT_BYTE)
{
adc_digi_output_data_t *p = (void *)&result[i];
value[i] = p->type1.data;
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%d", p->type1.data);
// printf("{value}%d\n", p->type1.data);
countNum++;//采样率计数
// vTaskDelay(10/ portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
对ESP32ADC的配置实际上就是对ADC的DIG控制器的配置,在adc.h中可以找到adc_digi_init_config_t和adc_digi_configuration_t结构体的定义,修改这些结构体中的成员就可以改变ADC的相关参数。
typedef struct adc_digi_init_config_s {
uint32_t max_store_buf_size; ///< Max length of the converted data that driver can store before they are processed.
uint32_t conv_num_each_intr; ///< Bytes of data that can be converted in 1 interrupt.
uint32_t adc1_chan_mask; ///< Channel list of ADC1 to be initialized.
uint32_t adc2_chan_mask; ///< Channel list of ADC2 to be initialized.
} adc_digi_init_config_t;
typedef struct {
bool conv_limit_en; ///< To limit ADC conversion times. Conversion stops after finishing `conv_limit_num` times conversion
uint32_t conv_limit_num; ///< Set the upper limit of the number of ADC conversion triggers. Range: 1 ~ 255.
uint32_t pattern_num; ///< Number of ADC channels that will be used
adc_digi_pattern_config_t *adc_pattern; ///< List of configs for each ADC channel that will be used
uint32_t sample_freq_hz; /*!< The expected ADC sampling frequency in Hz. Range: 611Hz ~ 83333Hz
Fs = Fd / interval / 2
Fs: sampling frequency;
Fd: digital controller frequency, no larger than 5M for better performance
interval: interval between 2 measurement trigger signal, the smallest interval should not be smaller than the ADC measurement period, the largest interval should not be larger than 4095 */
adc_digi_convert_mode_t conv_mode; ///< ADC DMA conversion mode, see `adc_digi_convert_mode_t`.
adc_digi_output_format_t format; ///< ADC DMA conversion output format, see `adc_digi_output_format_t`.
} adc_digi_configuration_t;
我在初始化代码中做出了如下修改
(1)增大max_store_buf_size使得ADC一次可以采集更多的点数
(2)增加TIMES的值,方便观察现象
(3)修改sample_freq_hz,即修改采样率,最大可到达2000000hz
adc_digi_init_config_t adc_dma_config = {
.max_store_buf_size = 4096,//最大采样缓存
.conv_num_each_intr = TIMES,
.adc1_chan_mask = adc1_chan_mask,
.adc2_chan_mask = adc2_chan_mask,
};
adc_digi_configuration_t dig_cfg = {
.conv_limit_en = ADC_CONV_LIMIT_EN,
.conv_limit_num = 250,
.sample_freq_hz = 100000, //采样率
.conv_mode = ADC_CONV_MODE,
.format = ADC_OUTPUT_TYPE,
};
最后附上完整代码
#include
#include
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/semphr.h"
#include "driver/adc.h"
#define TIMES 2000 //一次的采样点数*2
#define GET_UNIT(x) ((x >> 3) & 0x1)
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
#define ADC_RESULT_BYTE 2
#define ADC_CONV_LIMIT_EN 1 // For ESP32, this should always be set to 1
#define ADC_CONV_MODE ADC_CONV_SINGLE_UNIT_1 // ESP32 only supports ADC1 DMA mode
#define ADC_OUTPUT_TYPE ADC_DIGI_OUTPUT_FORMAT_TYPE1
#endif
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
static uint16_t adc1_chan_mask = BIT(7);
static uint16_t adc2_chan_mask = 0;
static adc_channel_t channel[1] = {ADC1_CHANNEL_7}; //设置ADC引脚
#endif
static uint32_t ret_num = 0;
static uint8_t result[TIMES] = {0}; //采样结果存放数组
static uint16_t value[2000] = {0};
static const char *TAG = "{adc}";
int countNum;
void countTask(void *param)
{
while (1)
{
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
printf("{count}%d\n", countNum);
// printf("{value}%d\n",p->type1.data);
countNum = 0;
}
}
static void continuous_adc_init(uint16_t adc1_chan_mask, uint16_t adc2_chan_mask, adc_channel_t *channel, uint8_t channel_num)
{
adc_digi_init_config_t adc_dma_config = {
.max_store_buf_size = 4096,//最大采样缓存
.conv_num_each_intr = TIMES,
.adc1_chan_mask = adc1_chan_mask,
.adc2_chan_mask = adc2_chan_mask,
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_digi_initialize(&adc_dma_config));
adc_digi_configuration_t dig_cfg = {
.conv_limit_en = ADC_CONV_LIMIT_EN,
.conv_limit_num = 250,
.sample_freq_hz = 100000, //采样率
.conv_mode = ADC_CONV_MODE,
.format = ADC_OUTPUT_TYPE,
};
adc_digi_pattern_config_t adc_pattern[SOC_ADC_PATT_LEN_MAX] = {0};
dig_cfg.pattern_num = channel_num;
for (int i = 0; i < channel_num; i++)
{
uint8_t unit = GET_UNIT(channel[i]);
uint8_t ch = channel[i] & 0x7;
adc_pattern[i].atten = ADC_ATTEN_DB_11; //衰减倍率
adc_pattern[i].channel = ch;
adc_pattern[i].unit = unit;
adc_pattern[i].bit_width = SOC_ADC_DIGI_MAX_BITWIDTH; //采样位数
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].atten is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].atten);
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].channel is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].channel);
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "adc_pattern[%d].unit is :%x", i, adc_pattern[i].unit);
}
dig_cfg.adc_pattern = adc_pattern;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_digi_controller_configure(&dig_cfg));
}
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32
static bool check_valid_data(const adc_digi_output_data_t *data)
{
const unsigned int unit = data->type2.unit;
if (unit > 2)
return false;
if (data->type2.channel >= SOC_ADC_CHANNEL_NUM(unit))
return false;
return true;
}
#endif
void app_main(void)
{
xTaskCreate(countTask, "countTask", 1024 * 10, NULL, 2, NULL); //创建任务
memset(result, 0xcc, TIMES);
continuous_adc_init(adc1_chan_mask, adc2_chan_mask, channel, sizeof(channel) / sizeof(adc_channel_t));
adc_digi_start();
adc_digi_read_bytes(result, TIMES, &ret_num, ADC_MAX_DELAY);
for (int i = 0; i < ret_num; i += ADC_RESULT_BYTE)
{
adc_digi_output_data_t *p = (void *)&result[i];
value[i] = p->type1.data;
// ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%d", p->type1.data);
// printf("{value}%d\n", p->type1.data);
countNum++;
// vTaskDelay(10/ portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
for (int i = 0; i < ret_num; i += ADC_RESULT_BYTE)
{
printf("{value}%d\n", value[i]);
}
}
首先将采样率配置为1000000hz,即sample_freq_hz = 100000,将esp32与信号发生器连接,信号发生器设置频率为1kHz,一次采样点数为1000,按下复位键开始一次采样1000个点,存入数组中,接着将数组中的值输出至串口绘图软件观察
可见esp32采样到了10个波形,这说明adc的采样率已经配置为了100000hz
(1)不能将串口输出与ADC采集放在同一个循环中,否则ADC采样率会被串口发送程序拉低,必须独立开。
(2)对于ESP32来说,最好先关闭看门狗,防止ADC读取数据时重启。
(3)数组建立时前面必须加上static,否则单片机内存会爆炸。
(4)rtc控制器与dig控制器最大的区别在于采样率,dig可以配合DMA达到非常高的采样率,但是无法将采样率配置的很低,rtc控制器则相反,可以根据需要使用不同的控制器。
(5)如果将sample_freq_hz = 200000,会发现countNum并不是200000,这是正常现象,因为freertos的多任务系统会降低采样率,但得益于ESP32的240MHz主频,影响一般不大。
(6)ADC2无法和WiFi同时使用。