python 使用 openpyxl 批量调整字体和样式
python 使用 openpyxl 批量调整字体和样式
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- 修改字体样式 Font(name,size,bold,italic,color)
- 获取表格中格子的字体样式
- 设置对齐样式 Alignment(horizontal,vertical,text_rotation,wrap_text)
- 设置边框样式 Side(style，color)
- 设置填充样式 PatternFill()、GradientFill()
- 设置行高和列宽
- 合并单元格与取消合并单元格
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- 合并单元格 merge_cells()
- 取消合并单元格 unmerge_cells()
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修改字体样式 Font(name,size,bold,italic,color)
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl import load_workbook
'''
Font(name=字体名称,size=字体大小,bold=是否加粗,italic=是否斜体,color=字体颜色)
'''
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = Font(name="微软雅黑",size=20,bold=True,italic=True,color="FF0000")
# 这个 color 是 RGB 的 16 进制表示
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
效果展示
获取表格中格子的字体样式
- font.name 字体名称
- font.size 字体大小
- font.bold 是否加粗 返回的是布尔值
- font.italic 是否斜体 返回的是布尔值
- font.color 字体颜色 返回颜色类型和相关参数
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = cell.font
print(font.name, font.size, font.bold, font.italic, font.color)
'''
输出结果：
微软雅黑 20.0 True True
Parameters:
rgb='00FF0000', indexed=None, auto=None, theme=None, tint=0.0, type='rgb'
'''
设置对齐样式 Alignment(horizontal,vertical,text_rotation,wrap_text)
Alignment(horizontal=水平对齐模式,vertical=垂直对齐模式,text_rotation=旋转角度,wrap_text=是否自动换行)
- 水平对齐：
horizontal代表水平方向，可以左对齐left，还有居中center和右对齐right，分散对齐distributed，跨列居中centerContinuous，两端对齐justify，填充fill，常规general - 垂直对齐：
vertical代表垂直方向，可以居中center，还可以靠上top，靠下bottom，两端对齐justify，分散对齐distributed
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A3"]
alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center",vertical="center",text_rotation=45,wrap_text=True)
cell.alignment = alignment
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
设置边框样式 Side(style，color)
Side(style=边线样式，color=边线颜色)
* style 参数的种类： 'double, 'mediumDashDotDot', 'slantDashDot',
'dashDotDot','dotted','hair', 'mediumDashed, 'dashed', 'dashDot', 'thin',
'mediumDashDot','medium', 'thick'
Border(left=左边线样式，right=右边线样式，top=上边线样式，bottom=下边线样式)
from openpyxl.styles import Side,Border
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["D6"]
side1 = Side(style="thin",color="FF0000")
side2 = Side(style="thick",color="FFFF0000")
border = Border(left=side1,right=side1,top=side2,bottom=side2)
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
展示效果
设置填充样式 PatternFill()、GradientFill()
语法：
- PatternFill(fill_type=填充样式，fgColor=填充颜色）
- GradientFill(stop=(渐变颜色 1，渐变颜色 2……))
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill,GradientFill
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell_b9 = sheet["B9"]
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",fgColor="99ccff")
cell_b9.fill = pattern_fill
cell_b10 = sheet["B10"]
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=("FFFFFF","99ccff","000000"))
cell_b10.fill = gradient_fill
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
展示效果
设置行高和列宽
语法：
.row_dimensions[行编号].height = 行高
.column_dimensions[列编号].width = 列宽
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
# 设置第 1 行的高度
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置 B 列的宽度
sheet.column_dimensions["B"].width = 20
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
也可以统一整张表的行高和列宽
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
# 将整个表的行高设置为 50，列宽设置为 30；
sheet.row_dimensions.height = 50
sheet.column_dimensions.width = 30
workbook.save(filename="../excelDemo/testCase.xlsx")
合并单元格与取消合并单元格
合并单元格 merge_cells()
语法：
.merge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
.merge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="./testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.merge_cells("C1:D2")
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)
workbook.save(filename="./testCase.xlsx")
若合并的多个单元格中均有内容，只保留第一个单元格中的内容
效果如下：
取消合并单元格 unmerge_cells()
语法：
.unmerge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
.unmerge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="./testCase.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.merge_cells("C1:D2")
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)
workbook.save(filename="./testCase.xlsx")
注意：取消合并单元格，不能恢复合并单元格所丢失的数据
效果如下：
