Go语言gin框架简易入门文档

安装

要安装 Gin 包，您需要先安装 Go 并设置 Go 工作区。

第一个需要 Go 安装（版本 1.11+是必需的），然后您可以使用下面的 Go 命令来安装 Gin。

$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

在代码中导入它：

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

可选导入 net/http. 例如，如果使用http.StatusOK这样的常量，这是必需的。

import "net/http"

快速入门

# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go
package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "message": "pong",
        })
    })
    r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}
# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
$ go run example.go

使用jsoniter 构建

Gin 用作默认 json 包，但您可以通过从其他标记生成更改为 jsoniter。encoding/json

$ go build -tags=jsoniter .

API 示例

您可以在Gin示例存储库中找到许多现成的示例。

快速构建RESTful风格接口

GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE

func main() {
    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/someGet", getting)
    router.POST("/somePost", posting)
    router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
    router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
    router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
    router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
    router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

    // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
    // PORT environment variable was defined.
    router.Run()
    // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}

请求路径中的参数

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
    router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
        name := c.Param("name")
        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
    })

    // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
    // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
    router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
        name := c.Param("name")
        action := c.Param("action")
        message := name + " is " + action
        c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
    })

    // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
    router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

查询字符串参数

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
    // The request responds to a url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
    router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
        firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
        lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")

        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

Multipart/Urlencoded 表单

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
        message := c.PostForm("message")
        nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")

        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "status":  "posted",
            "message": message,
            "nick":    nick,
        })
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

query 和 post 表单

POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

name=manu&message=this_is_great
func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {

        id := c.Query("id")
        page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
        name := c.PostForm("name")
        message := c.PostForm("message")

        fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}
id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great

Map as querystring or postform parameters

POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {

        ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
        names := c.PostFormMap("names")

        fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]

文件上传

单文件

文件名始终是可选的，应用程序不能盲目使用：应删除路径信息，并完成对服务器文件系统规则的转换。

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    // 设置允许上传文件的大小,默认是32M
    router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
    router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // single file
        file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
        log.Println(file.Filename)

        // Upload the file to specific dst.
        c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)

        c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

请求示例:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

多文件上传

详细示例 : example code.

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
    router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
    router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // Multipart form
        form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
        files := form.File["upload[]"]

        for _, file := range files {
            log.Println(file.Filename)

            // Upload the file to specific dst.
            c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
        }
        c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

请求示例:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

路由组

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    // Simple group: v1
    v1 := router.Group("/v1")
    {
        v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
        v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
        v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
    }

    // Simple group: v2
    v2 := router.Group("/v2")
    {
        v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
        v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
        v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
    }

    router.Run(":8080")
}

使用无默认中间件的gin框架

使用如下:

r := gin.New()

而不是

// 已经附加了日志记录器和恢复中间件
r := gin.Default()

使用中间件

func main() {
    // Creates a router without any middleware by default
    r := gin.New()

    // Global middleware
    // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
    // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
    r.Use(gin.Logger())

    // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
    r.Use(gin.Recovery())

    // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
    r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

    // Authorization group
    // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
    // exactly the same as:
    authorized := r.Group("/")
    // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
    // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
    authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
    {
        authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
        authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
        authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

        // nested group
        testing := authorized.Group("testing")
        testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
    }

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")

自定义恢复中间件

func main() {
    // Creates a router without any middleware by default
    r := gin.New()

    // Global middleware
    // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
    // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
    r.Use(gin.Logger())

    // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
    r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
        if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
            c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
        }
        c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
    }))

    r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
        panic("foo")
    })

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

写入日志文件

func main() {
    // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
    gin.DisableConsoleColor()

    // Logging to a file.
    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)

    // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)

    router := gin.Default()
    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

自定义日志格式

func main() {
    router := gin.New()

    // LoggerWithFormatter中间件将把日志写到gin.DefaultWriter
    // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
    router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {

        // your custom format
        return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
                param.ClientIP,
                param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
                param.Method,
                param.Path,
                param.Request.Proto,
                param.StatusCode,
                param.Latency,
                param.Request.UserAgent(),
                param.ErrorMessage,
        )
    }))
    router.Use(gin.Recovery())

    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

日志输出情况:

::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "

控制日志输出颜色

默认情况下，控制台上的日志输出应根据检测到的 TTY 着色。

不需要日志颜色

func main() {
    // Disable log's color
    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
    
    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
    router := gin.Default()
    
    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })
    
    router.Run(":8080")
}

使用日志不同颜色

func main() {
    // Force log's color
    gin.ForceConsoleColor()
    
    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
    router := gin.Default()
    
    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })
    
    router.Run(":8080")
}

模型绑定和验证

若要将请求正文绑定到类型，请使用模型绑定。我们目前支持 JSON、XML、YAML 和标准表单值（foo=bar&boo\baz）的绑定

Gin 使用 go-playground/validator/v10 进行验证.在此处查看标签使用情况的完整文档。

请注意，您需要在要绑定的所有字段上设置相应的绑定标记。例如，从 JSON 绑定时，设置。json:"fieldname"

此外，gin提供了两组绑定方法：

Type

- Must bind
- Methods - Bind, BindJSON, BindXML, BindQuery, BindYAML
- Behavior - 这些方法属于 MustBindWith 的具体调用。如果发生绑定错误，则请求终止，并触发 c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)。响应状态码被设置为 400 并且 Content-Type 被设置为 text/plain; charset=utf-8。如果您在此之后尝试设置响应状态码，Gin会输出日志 [GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422。如果您希望更好地控制绑定，考虑使用 ShouldBind 等效方法。
Type

- Should bind
- Methods - ShouldBind, ShouldBindJSON, ShouldBindXML, ShouldBindQuery, ShouldBindYAML
- Behavior - 这些方法属于 ShouldBindWith 的具体调用。如果发生绑定错误，Gin 会返回错误并由开发者处理错误和请求。使用 Bind 方法时，Gin 会尝试根据 Content-Type 推断如何绑定。如果你明确知道要绑定什么，可以使用 MustBindWith 或 ShouldBindWith。

// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
    User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
    Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
    router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var json Login
        if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        
        if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
            return
        } 
        
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
    })

    // Example for binding XML (
    //  
    //  
    //      user
    //      123
    //  )
    router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var xml Login
        if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        
        if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
            return
        } 
        
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
    })

    // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
    router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var form Login
        // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
        if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
            return
        }
        
        if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
            return
        } 
        
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    router.Run(":8080")
}

**请求示例 : **

$ curl -v -X POST \
  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}

跳过验证

使用上述的 curl 命令运行上面的示例时会返回错误。因为示例中 Password 使用了 binding:"required"。如果 Password 使用 binding:"-"，再次运行上面的示例就不会返回错误。

自定义验证器

也可以注册自定义验证器。请参阅 example code.

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
    "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
    CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
    CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}

var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
    date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
    if ok {
        today := time.Now()
        if today.After(date) {
            return false
        }
    }
    return true
}

func main() {
    route := gin.Default()

    if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
        v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
    }

    route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
    route.Run(":8085")
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
    var b Booking
    if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
    } else {
        c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
    }
}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%

也可以这样注册结构级验证。有关详细信息请参阅结构-lvl 验证示例。

仅绑定查询字符串

ShouldBindQuery函数仅绑定查询参数，而不是后数据。请参阅 detail information.

package main

import (
    "log"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type Person struct {
    Name    string `form:"name"`
    Address string `form:"address"`
}

func main() {
    route := gin.Default()
    route.Any("/testing", startPage)
    route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
    var person Person
    if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
        log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
        log.Println(person.Name)
        log.Println(person.Address)
    }
    c.String(200, "Success")
}

绑定 Query String 或者 Post Data

See the detail information.

package main

import (
    "log"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type Person struct {
        Name       string    `form:"name"`
        Address    string    `form:"address"`
        Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
        CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
        UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
}

func main() {
    route := gin.Default()
    route.GET("/testing", startPage)
    route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
    var person Person
    // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
    // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
    // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
        if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
                log.Println(person.Name)
                log.Println(person.Address)
                log.Println(person.Birthday)
                log.Println(person.CreateTime)
                log.Println(person.UnixTime)
        }

    c.String(200, "Success")
}

测试它：

$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"

绑定Uri

请参阅详细信息。

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

type Person struct {
    ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
    Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
    route := gin.Default()
    route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var person Person
        if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
            c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})
            return
        }
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
    })
    route.Run(":8088")
}

测试：

$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid

绑定请求头

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type testHeader struct {
    Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
    Domain string `header:"Domain"`
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        h := testHeader{}

        if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
            c.JSON(200, err)
        }

        fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
    })

    r.Run()

// client
// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
// output
// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
}

绑定 HTML 复选框

查看详细信息

main.go

...

type myForm struct {
    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}

...

func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
    var fakeForm myForm
    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}

...

form. html


    Check some colors
    Red
    
    Green
    
    Blue

结果：

{"color":["red","green","blue"]}

Multipart/Urlencoded binding

type ProfileForm struct {
    Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
    Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`

    // or for multiple files
    // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
        // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
        // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
        var form ProfileForm
        // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
        if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
            c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
            return
        }

        err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
        if err != nil {
            c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
            return
        }

        // db.Save(&form)

        c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

测试：

$ curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile

XML、JSON、YAML 和 ProtoBuf 渲染

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
    r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
    })

    r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // You also can use a struct
        var msg struct {
            Name    string `json:"user"`
            Message string
            Number  int
        }
        msg.Name = "Lena"
        msg.Message = "hey"
        msg.Number = 123
        // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
        // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
    })

    r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
    })

    r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
    })

    r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
        reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
        label := "test"
        // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
        data := &protoexample.Test{
            Label: &label,
            Reps:  reps,
        }
        // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
        // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
        c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

SecureJson

使用 SecureJSON 防止 json 劫持。如果给定结构是数组值，则默认预结束到响应正文。"while(1),"

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // You can also use your own secure json prefix
    // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")

    r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
        names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}

        // Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
        c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

Jsonp

使用 JSONP 从不同域中的服务器请求数据。如果查询参数回调存在，请将回调添加到响应正文。

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
        data := gin.H{
            "foo": "bar",
        }
        
        //callback is x
        // Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
        c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")

        // client
        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
}

AsciiJSON

使用 AsciiJSON 生成具有转义的非 ASCII 字符的仅 ASCII JSON。

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
        data := gin.H{
            "lang": "GO语言",
            "tag":  "
",
        }

        // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
        c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

PureJSON

通常，JSON用它们的unicode实体替换特殊的HTML字符, e.g. < becomes \u003c.如果您想按字面意思编码这些字符 ,请使用 PureJSON 代替. 在低于go1.6的版本中不可以使用

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    
    // Serves unicode entities
    r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "html": "Hello, world!",
        })
    })
    
    // Serves literal characters
    r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{
            "html": "Hello, world!",
        })
    })
    
    // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

静态文件服务

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
    router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
    router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    router.Run(":8080")
}

通过文件提供服务

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.File("local/file.go")
    })

    var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
    router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
    })
}

从reader中读取数据

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
        response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
        if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
            c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
            return
        }

        reader := response.Body
        defer reader.Close()
        contentLength := response.ContentLength
        contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")

        extraHeaders := map[string]string{
            "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
        }

        c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

HTML渲染

Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
    //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
    router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
            "title": "Main website",
        })
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

templates/index.tmpl


    
        {{ .title }}

在不同目录中使用相同名称的模板

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
    router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
            "title": "Posts",
        })
    })
    router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
            "title": "Users",
        })
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}

templates/posts/index.tmpl

{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}

    {{ .title }}

Using posts/index.tmpl

{{ end }}

templates/users/index.tmpl

{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}

    {{ .title }}

Using users/index.tmpl

{{ end }}

自定义模板渲染

You can also use your own html template render

import "html/template"

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
    router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
    router.Run(":8080")
}

自定义模板界定符

You may use custom delims

    r := gin.Default()
    r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
    r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")

自定义模板函数

See the detail example code.

main.go

import (
    "fmt"
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
    year, month, day := t.Date()
    return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
    })
    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")

    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
        })
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

原始. tmpl

Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}

结果：

Date: 2017/07/01

多模板

默认情况下，gin只允许使用一个 html。模板。检查多模板渲染使用go 1.6 等功能。block template

重定向

发布 HTTP 重定向非常简单。支持内部和外部位置。

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})

从 POST 发出 HTTP 重定向。请参阅问题： #444

r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
})

发出路由器重定向，请如下用。HandleContext

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
    r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})

自定义中间件

func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        t := time.Now()

        // Set example variable
        c.Set("example", "12345")

        // before request

        c.Next()

        // after request
        latency := time.Since(t)
        log.Print(latency)

        // access the status we are sending
        status := c.Writer.Status()
        log.Println(status)
    }
}

func main() {
    r := gin.New()
    r.Use(Logger())

    r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
        example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

        // it would print: "12345"
        log.Println(example)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

使用 BasicAuth() 中间件

// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
    "foo":    gin.H{"email": "[email protected]", "phone": "123433"},
    "austin": gin.H{"email": "[email protected]", "phone": "666"},
    "lena":   gin.H{"email": "[email protected]", "phone": "523443"},
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
    // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
    authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
        "foo":    "bar",
        "austin": "1234",
        "lena":   "hello2",
        "manu":   "4321",
    }))

    // /admin/secrets endpoint
    // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
    authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
        user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
        if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
        } else {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
        }
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

中间件里有Goroutines

当在中间件或处理程序中启动新的Goroutines时, SHOULD NOT 使用原始的上下文, 你必须使用只读副本。

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
        cCp := c.Copy()
        go func() {
            // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
            time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

            // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
            log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
        }()
    })

    r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
        // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
        time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

        // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
        log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
    })

    // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}

自定义 HTTP 配置文件

Use directly, like this:http.ListenAndServe()

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

或者

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    s := &http.Server{
        Addr:           ":8080",
        Handler:        router,
        ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
        WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
        MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
    }
    s.ListenAndServe()
}

支持Let's Encrypt

example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.

package main

import (
    "log"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // Ping handler
    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}

自定义 autocert manager 示例。

package main

import (
    "log"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // Ping handler
    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    m := autocert.Manager{
        Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
        HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
        Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
    }

    log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}

gin运行多个服务

See the question and try the following example:

package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)

var (
    g errgroup.Group
)

func router01() http.Handler {
    e := gin.New()
    e.Use(gin.Recovery())
    e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(
            http.StatusOK,
            gin.H{
                "code":  http.StatusOK,
                "error": "Welcome server 01",
            },
        )
    })

    return e
}

func router02() http.Handler {
    e := gin.New()
    e.Use(gin.Recovery())
    e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(
            http.StatusOK,
            gin.H{
                "code":  http.StatusOK,
                "error": "Welcome server 02",
            },
        )
    })

    return e
}

func main() {
    server01 := &http.Server{
        Addr:         ":8080",
        Handler:      router01(),
        ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
        WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
    }

    server02 := &http.Server{
        Addr:         ":8081",
        Handler:      router02(),
        ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
        WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
    }

    g.Go(func() error {
        err := server01.ListenAndServe()
        if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        return err
    })

    g.Go(func() error {
        err := server02.ListenAndServe()
        if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        return err
    })

    if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

正常关闭或重新启动

有几种方法可用于执行正常关机或重新启动。您可以使用专门为该第三方包构建的第三方包，也可以手动使用内置包中的函数和方法执行相同的操作。

第三方软件包

我们可以使用 fvbock/endless 用替换默认的。有关详细信息，请参阅#296问题。ListenAndServe

router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)

选择：

manners: 优雅地关闭的Go HTTP服务器
graceful: 优雅是一个Go包，它支持优雅地关闭http。服务器处理程序。
grace: 优雅的重启&零停机部署的Go服务器。

手动

如果使用 Go 1.8 或更旧版本，则可能不需要使用这些库。请考虑使用http.Server's built-in Shutdown() 方法进行正常关机。下面的示例描述了它的用法，我们这里有更多使用 gin的示例。http.Server

// +build go1.8

package main

import (
    "context"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
    })

    srv := &http.Server{
        Addr:    ":8080",
        Handler: router,
    }

    // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
    // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
    go func() {
        if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)
        }
    }()

    // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
    // a timeout of 5 seconds.
    quit := make(chan os.Signal)
    // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
    // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
    // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be catch, so don't need add it
    signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
    <-quit
    log.Println("Shutting down server...")

    // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
    // the request it is currently handling
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel()
    if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
    }
    
    log.Println("Server exiting")
}

使用模板构建单个二进制文件

You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using go-assets.

func main() {
    r := gin.New()

    t, err := loadTemplate()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
    })
    r.Run(":8080")
}

// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
    t := template.New("")
    for name, file := range Assets.Files {
        defer file.Close()
        if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
            continue
        }
        h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
    return t, nil
}

See a complete example in the https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary directory

绑定 form-data request with custom struct

The follow example using custom struct:

type StructA struct {
    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}

type StructB struct {
    NestedStruct StructA
    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}

type StructC struct {
    NestedStructPointer *StructA
    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}

type StructD struct {
    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
    }
    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}

func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructB
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStruct,
        "b": b.FieldB,
    })
}

func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructC
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
        "c": b.FieldC,
    })
}

func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructD
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
        "d": b.FieldD,
    })
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)

    r.Run()
}

通过curl测试

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}

尝试将Body绑定到不同的结构中

绑定请求正文的正常方法使用，不能多次调用它们。c.Request.Body

type formA struct {
  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}

type formB struct {
  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

为此，你可以使用 c.ShouldBindBodyWith

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
  // And it can accepts other formats
  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

c.ShouldBindBodyWith在绑定之前将正文存储到上下文中。这会对性能产生轻微影响，因此，如果足以立即调用绑定，则不应使用此方法。
此功能仅适用于某些格式和-- , , , .对于其他格式，，、、、可以多次调用，而不会对性能造成任何损害（请参阅#1341 ）。JSON``XML``MsgPack``ProtoBuf``Query``Form``FormPost``FormMultipart``c.ShouldBind()

http2 服务器推送

http.Pusher 仅支持go1.8+。有关详细信息，请参阅 golang博客。

package main

import (
    "html/template"
    "log"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`


  Https Test
  


  Welcome, Ginner!


`))

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
    r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
            // use pusher.Push() to do server push
            if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
                log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
            }
        }
        c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
            "status": "success",
        })
    })

    // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
    r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}

为路由日志定义格式

路由的默认日志为：

[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)

如果要以给定格式记录此信息（例如 JSON、键值或其他内容），可以使用定义此格式。在下面的示例中，我们使用标准日志包记录所有路由，但您可以使用其他符合您需求的日志工具。gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
        log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
    }

    r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
    })

    r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
    })

    r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
    })

    // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run()
}

设置并获取cookie

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {

    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {

        cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")

        if err != nil {
            cookie = "NotSet"
            c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
        }

        fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
    })

    router.Run()
}

测试

该包是 HTTP 测试的更可取的方式。net/http/httptest

package main

func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })
    return r
}

func main() {
    r := setupRouter()
    r.Run(":8080")
}

测试上述代码示例：

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"

    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
    router := setupRouter()

    w := httptest.NewRecorder()
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
    router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

    assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
    assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}

Go语言gin框架简易入门文档

安装

快速入门

使用jsoniter 构建

API 示例

快速构建RESTful风格接口

GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE

请求路径中的参数

查询字符串参数

Multipart/Urlencoded 表单

query 和 post 表单

Map as querystring or postform parameters

文件上传

单文件

多文件上传

路由组

使用无默认中间件的gin框架

使用中间件

自定义恢复中间件

写入日志文件

自定义日志格式

控制日志输出颜色

模型绑定和验证

自定义验证器

仅绑定查询字符串

绑定 Query String 或者 Post Data

绑定Uri

绑定请求头

绑定 HTML 复选框

Multipart/Urlencoded binding

XML、JSON、YAML 和 ProtoBuf 渲染

SecureJson

Jsonp

AsciiJSON

PureJSON

静态文件服务

通过文件提供服务

从reader中读取数据

HTML渲染

{{ .title }}

{{ .title }}

{{ .title }}

自定义模板渲染

自定义模板界定符

自定义模板函数

多模板

重定向

自定义中间件

使用 BasicAuth() 中间件

中间件里有Goroutines

自定义 HTTP 配置文件

支持Let's Encrypt

gin运行多个服务

正常关闭或重新启动

第三方软件包

手动

使用模板构建单个二进制文件

绑定 form-data request with custom struct

尝试将Body绑定到不同的结构中

http2 服务器推送

Welcome, Ginner!

为路由日志定义格式

设置并获取cookie

测试

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