【MySQL入门指北】主从复制及读写分离
文章目录
- MySQL 主从复制及读写分离
-
- 一、集群架构设计
- 二、主从模式
- 三、MySQL主从复制原理
- 四、集群案列
-
- 1.实验环境
- 2.实验准备
- 3.一主一从
- 4.双主双从
- 五、代理技术
-
- 1.代理简介
- 2.Mycat 实战练习
MySQL 主从复制及读写分离
一、集群架构设计
1、架构设计理念
在集群架构设计时，主要遵从下面三个维度：
1.可用性
2.扩展性
3.一致性
2、可用性设计
1.站点高可用，冗余站点
2.服务高可用，冗余服务
3.数据高可用，冗余数据
保证高可用的方法是冗余。但是数据冗余带来的问题是数据一致性问题。
实现高可用的方案有以下几种架构模式：
主从模式
简单灵活，能满足多种需求。比较主流的用法，但是写操作高可用需要自行处理。
双主模式
互为主从，有双主双写、双主单写两种方式，建议使用双主单写
3、扩展性设计
扩展性主要围绕着读操作扩展和写操作扩展展开。
如何扩展以提高读性能
加从库
简单易操作，方案成熟。
从库过多会引发主库性能损耗。建议不要作为长期的扩充方案，应该设法用良好的设计避免持续加从库来缓解读性能问题。
分库分表
可以分为垂直拆分和水平拆分，垂直拆分可以缓解部分压力，水平拆分理论上可以无限扩展。
如何扩展以提高写性能
分库分表
4、一致性设计
一致性主要考虑集群中各数据库数据同步以及同步延迟问题。可以采用的方案如下：
不使用从库
扩展读性能问题需要单独考虑，否则容易出现系统瓶颈。
增加访问路由层
可以先得到主从同步最长时间t，在数据发生修改后的t时间内，先访问主库。
二、主从模式
1、适用场景
MySQL主从模式是指数据可以从一个MySQL数据库服务器主节点复制到一个或多个从节点。MySQL 默认采用异步复制方式，这样从节点不用一直访问主服务器来更新自己的数据，从节点可以复制主数据库中的所有数据库，或者特定的数据库，或者特定的表。
数据库为什么需要主从架构呢？
1.高可用，实时灾备，用于故障切换。比如主库挂了，可以切从库。
2.读写分离，提供查询服务，减少主库压力，提升性能
3.备份数据，避免影响业务。
mysql主从复制用途：
1.实时灾备，用于故障切换（高可用）
2.读写分离，提供查询服务（读扩展）
3.数据备份，避免影响业务（高可用）
4.主从部署必要条件：
从库服务器能连通主库
主库开启binlog日志（设置log-bin参数）
主从server-id不同
三、MySQL主从复制原理
主从复制原理，简言之，分三步曲进行：
主数据库有个 bin log 二进制文件，记录了所有增删改 SQL 语句。（binlog线程）
从数据库把主数据库的 bin log 文件的 SQL 语句复制到自己的中继日志 relay log（io线程）
从数据库的 relay log 重做日志文件，再执行一次这些sql语句。（sql执行线程）
详细的主从复制过程如图：
重点
上图主从复制过程分了五个步骤进行：
1.主库的更新SQL（update、insert、delete）被写到binlog
2.从库发起连接，连接到主库。
3.此时主库创建一个 binlog dump thread，把 bin log 的内容发送到从库。
4.从库启动之后，创建一个 I/O 线程，读取主库传过来的 bin log 内容并写到 relay log
5.从库还会创建一个SQL线程，从 relay log 里面读取内容，(将其重放到备库数据库之上)从 ExecMasterLog_Pos 位置开始执行读取到的更新事件，将更新内容写入到 slave 的db
四、集群案列
1.实验环境
| 服务器名称 | ip |
|---|---|
| mysql-master1 | 192.168.200.182 |
| mysql-master2 | 192.168.200.183 |
| mysql-slave1 | 192.168.200.184 |
| mysql-slave2 | 192.168.200.185 |
| mysql-other | 192.168.200.186 |
2.实验准备
1.全新服务器-互相通信
2.配置域名解析(5台服务器分别进行配置)
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.200.182 mysql-master1
192.168.200.183 mysql-master2
192.168.200.184 mysql-slave1
192.168.200.185 mysql-slave2
192.168.200.186 mysql-other
3.全新安装mysql57-分别安装
在每台服务器找到mysql的默认密码，然后更改密码
grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
删除MySQL数据库
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-5.0.28-1.el7.noarch
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-proxy-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
rh-php72-php-mysqlnd-7.2.24-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# yum remove mysql-* -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 zabbix-proxy-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 zabbix-proxy-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 mysql-community-test.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 删除
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64.0.4.023-6.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64.0.5.0.28-1.el7 将被 删除
---> 软件包 zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64.0.5.0.28-1.el7 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在删除:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57 108 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57 2.8 M
mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57-community 24 M
mysql-community-embedded x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57-community 201 M
mysql-community-embedded-compat x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57-community 88 M
mysql-community-embedded-devel x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57-community 906 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57 10 M
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57 5.9 M
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57 774 M
mysql-community-test x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 @mysql57-community 671 M
为依赖而移除:
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-6.el7 @base 323 k
zabbix-proxy-mysql x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix 4.6 M
zabbix-server-mysql x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix 7.1 M
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
移除 10 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
安装大小：2.7 G
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 1/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 2/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 3/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 4/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 5/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 6/13
正在删除 : zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 7/13
警告：/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 已另存为 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf.rpmsave
正在删除 : mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 8/13
正在删除 : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 9/13
正在删除 : zabbix-proxy-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 10/13
警告：/etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf 已另存为 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf.rpmsave
正在删除 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 11/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 12/13
正在删除 : mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 13/13
验证中 : mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 1/13
验证中 : zabbix-proxy-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 2/13
验证中 : mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 3/13
验证中 : mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 4/13
验证中 : mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 5/13
验证中 : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 6/13
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 7/13
验证中 : zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.28-1.el7.x86_64 8/13
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 9/13
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 10/13
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 11/13
验证中 : mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 12/13
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 13/13
删除:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7 mysql-community-test.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
作为依赖被删除:
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 0:5.0.28-1.el7 zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 0:5.0.28-1.el7
完毕！
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# yum remove mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-7 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在删除:
mysql80-community-release noarch el7-7 @/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 10 k
事务概要
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
移除 1 软件包
安装大小：10 k
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
警告：/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 已另存为 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo.rpmsave
验证中 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
删除:
mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7
完毕！
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# service mysql status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysql.service
Unit mysql.service could not be found.
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/mysql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rm -rf /usr/share/mysql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-5.0.28-1.el7.noarch
rh-php72-php-mysqlnd-7.2.24-1.el7.x86_64
然后分别重新安装上 MySQL
[root@web001 ~]# yum install -y mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在检查 mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===========================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===========================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql80-community-release noarch el7-7 /mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 10 k
事务概要
===========================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：10 k
安装大小：10 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
验证中 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
已安装:
mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7
完毕！
[root@web001 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo mysql-community.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo mysql-community-source.repo#源码包
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo mysql-community-debuginfo.repo zabbix.repo
安装mysql5.7版本(默认安装mysql8.0)
[root@mysql ~]# yum list |grep mysql
mysql80-community-release.noarch el7-7 @/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
rh-php72-php-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.2.24-1.el7 @centos-sclo-rh
zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix
zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix
zabbix-web-mysql-scl.noarch 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix-frontend
akonadi-mysql.x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 base
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.2.36-8.el7 base
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 3.0.13-15.el7 base
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-16.el7 base
mysql-community-client.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-client.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-client-plugins.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-common.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-devel.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-icu-data-files.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-server-debug.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-community-test.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community
mysql-connector-c++.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-c++-devel.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-c++-jdbc.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-j.noarch 1:8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc-setup.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.noarch 2.0.4-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.x86_64 8.0.23-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python3.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python3-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-html-chapter.noarch
1-20220914 mysql80-community
mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-pdf.noarch 1-20220914 mysql80-community
mysql-router.x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-router-community.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-shell.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-utilities.noarch 1.6.5-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-utilities-extra.noarch 1.5.6-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-workbench-community.x86_64 8.0.22-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 4.3.2-13.el7_9 updates
php-mysql.x86_64 5.4.16-48.el7 base
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.4.16-48.el7 base
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.8.7-9.el7_9 updates
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.7-9.el7_9 updates
qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.9.7-5.el7_9 updates
qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.9.7-5.el7_9 updates
redland-mysql.x86_64 1.0.16-6.el7 base
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 updates
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-php73.noarch 5.0.28-1.el7 zabbix2
打开mysql的仓库修改自己需要的版本，这只enabled=1为开启&
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
刷新缓存
[root@mysql ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
zabbix | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
zabbix2 | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/other_db | 24 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/other_db | 17 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/filelists_db | 38 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/filelists_db | 393 kB 00:00:00
(5/5): mysql57-community/x86_64/filelists_db | 1.9 MB 00:00:00
元数据缓存已建立
[root@mysql ~]# yum list |grep mysql
mysql80-community-release.noarch el7-7 @/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch
rh-php72-php-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.2.24-1.el7 @centos-sclo-rh
zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix
zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix
zabbix-web-mysql-scl.noarch 5.0.28-1.el7 @zabbix-frontend
akonadi-mysql.x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 base
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.2.36-8.el7 base
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 3.0.13-15.el7 base
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-16.el7 base
mysql-community-client.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-test.x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community
mysql-connector-c++.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-c++-devel.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-c++-jdbc.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-j.noarch 1:8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:8.0.30-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc-setup.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.noarch 2.0.4-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.x86_64 8.0.23-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python3.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python3-cext.x86_64 8.0.21-1.el7 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-html-chapter.noarch
1-20170320 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-pdf.noarch 1-20170320 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-html-chapter.noarch
1-20220831 mysql57-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-pdf.noarch 1-20220831 mysql57-community
mysql-router.x86_64 8.0.12-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-router-community.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-shell.x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-utilities.noarch 1.6.5-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-utilities-extra.noarch 1.5.6-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
mysql-workbench-community.x86_64 8.0.22-1.el7 mysql-tools-community
pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 4.3.2-13.el7_9 updates
php-mysql.x86_64 5.4.16-48.el7 base
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.4.16-48.el7 base
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.8.7-9.el7_9 updates
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.7-9.el7_9 updates
qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.9.7-5.el7_9 updates
qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.9.7-5.el7_9 updates
redland-mysql.x86_64 1.0.16-6.el7 base
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 updates
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-php73.noarch 5.0.28-1.el7 zabbix2
上面操作完成即可看到mysql-server 由原来的mysql8.0变为msyql5.7版本
安装mysql
[root@mysql ~]# yum install -y mysql-community*
//或者yum install mysql-server 会自动安装mysql服务的相关依赖组件
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-release.noarch.0.el7-5 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-test.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(JSON)，它被软件包 mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-JSON.noarch.0.2.59-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 处理 mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 与 mysql-community-release 的冲突
--> 解决依赖关系完成
错误：mysql80-community-release conflicts with mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch
您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
[root@mysql ~]# yum install -y mysql-community* --skip-broken
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-release.noarch.0.el7-5 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-test.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(JSON)，它被软件包 mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-JSON.noarch.0.2.59-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 处理 mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch 与 mysql-community-release 的冲突
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-release.noarch.0.el7-5 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 mysql-community-test.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-JSON.noarch.0.2.59-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
因为依赖关系问题而跳过的软件包：
mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch 来自 mysql-connectors-community
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 28 M
替换 mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 311 k
mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 4.2 M
mysql-community-embedded x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 46 M
mysql-community-embedded-compat x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 22 M
mysql-community-embedded-devel x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 127 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.6 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 1.2 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 178 M
替换 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-test x86_64 5.7.40-1.el7 mysql57-community 121 M
为依赖而安装:
perl-JSON noarch 2.59-2.el7 base 96 k
跳过（依赖问题）:
mysql-community-release noarch el7-5 mysql-connectors-community 6.0 k
事务概要
===================================================================================================
安装 10 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
跳过（依赖问题） 1 软件包
总下载量：532 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/11): mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 311 kB 00:00:00
(2/11): mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 4.2 MB 00:00:00
(3/11): mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 28 MB 00:00:01
(4/11): mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 MB 00:00:02
(5/11): mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 22 MB 00:00:03
(6/11): mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:00:00
(7/11): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
(8/11): mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 127 MB 00:00:06
(9/11): perl-JSON-2.59-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 96 kB 00:00:00
(10/11): mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 121 MB 00:00:08
(11/11): mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 178 MB 00:00:13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 27 MB/s | 532 MB 00:00:19
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x3A79BD29:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering "
指纹 : 859b e8d7 c586 f538 430b 19c2 467b 942d 3a79 bd29
软件包 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch (@/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering "
指纹 : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
软件包 : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch (@/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 1/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 2/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 3/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 4/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 5/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 6/14
正在安装 : perl-JSON-2.59-2.el7.noarch 7/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 8/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 9/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 10/14
正在安装 : mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 11/14
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 12/14
warning: /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log saved as /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log.rpmsave
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 13/14
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 14/14
验证中 : mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 1/14
验证中 : mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 2/14
验证中 : mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 3/14
验证中 : mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 4/14
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 5/14
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 6/14
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 7/14
验证中 : perl-JSON-2.59-2.el7.noarch 8/14
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 9/14
验证中 : mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 10/14
验证中 : mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 11/14
验证中 : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 12/14
验证中 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 13/14
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 14/14
已安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
mysql-community-test.x86_64 0:5.7.40-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
perl-JSON.noarch 0:2.59-2.el7
跳过（依赖问题）:
mysql-community-release.noarch 0:el7-5
替代:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
完毕！
查询MySQL服务器默认密码
root@guan~]#grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-04-17T03:39:40.521811Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9-Q10DnGxFQr
#冒号和空格后面的，全是密码
修改MySQL服务器密码
[root@mysql~]#mysqladmin -uroot -p'默认密码' password '新密码'
登录MySQL系统
mysql -u root -p'123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 95
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
查到默认数据库
mysql> show database;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'database' at line 1
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql>
3.一主一从
一主一从(实验一)
配置mysql-master1和mysql-slave1
mysql-master1
1.部署一台新的mysql服务器。准备好域名解析。
2.第一次准备数据(验证主从同步使用)
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4513
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database master1db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> create table master1db.master1tab(name char(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(1111);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(2222);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab ;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
3.开启二进制日志
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=1
[root@mysql-master1 ~]#systemctl restart mysqld //重启mysql使配置文件生效
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql //查看日志开启是否生效，如果看如mysql_bin.000001 则说明开启成功了
auto.cnf ib_logfile1 mysql_bin.000005 public_key.pem
ca-key.pem ibtmp1 mysql_bin.index server-cert.pem
ca.pem master1db mysql-master1-slow.log server-key.pem
client-cert.pem mysql mysql-server-slow.log sys
client-key.pem mysql_bin.000001 mysql.sock testdb
ib_buffer_pool mysql_bin.000002 mysql.sock.lock zabbix
ibdata1 mysql_bin.000003 performance_schema zabbix-proxy-slow.log
ib_logfile0 mysql_bin.000004 private_key.pem
4.创建复制用户
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'guan'@'192.168.200.%' identified by 'guan123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
5.备份mysql-master1数据库的数据
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysqldump -p'123456' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# ls
2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql 公共 图片 音乐
anaconda-ks.cfg 模板 文档 桌面
initial-setup-ks.cfg 视频 下载
将备份文件发送给mysql-slave1
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# scp -r 2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql mysql-slave1:/tmp
The authenticity of host 'mysql-slave1 (192.168.200.184)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ygT6h9ejxNmaemQtyIzVYHEbRko0BaG4PstS2LTavDM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:88:1f:c4:d2:fe:73:b9:1f:7f:26:cd:2c:ba:ad:5c:b5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'mysql-slave1,192.168.200.184' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@mysql-slave1's password:
2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql 100% 7524KB 26.7MB/s 00:00
[root@mysql-master1 ~]#
查看mysql-slave1是否接收到文件
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# ls /tmp
2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql
观察二进制日志分割点
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /tmp/2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql
...
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql_bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
...
6.第二次准备数据(验证主从同步使用)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(333333);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(444444);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
登录 mysql-slave1 验证guan用户是否可以使用
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uguan -p'guan123456' -h mysql-master1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1035
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
启动服务器序号
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
手动同步数据
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /tmp/2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
...
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| master1db |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
设置主服务器
将主服务器mysql-master1的数据同步到服务器mysql-slave1
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# vim 2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql_bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]#mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql>change master to master_host='mysql-master1',master_user='guan',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000007',master_log_pos=154;
启动主从设备同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab; //没有同步mysql-master1
+------+
| name |
+------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: mysql-master1
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave1-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1045
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'rep@mysql-master1:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 17 //密码错误，这里不应该使用登录mysql-master1的密码123456，而是使用在mysql-master1中的guan这个用户的密码guan123456
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 221112 02:04:07
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master1',master_user='rep',master_password='guan123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000007',master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master1
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 418
Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave1-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 631
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 418
Relay_Log_Space: 1545
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看日志
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# cat /var/log/messages
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]#cat /var/log/mysqld.log
一主一从(实验二)
环境：与实验一功能相同
实验前先重置 mysql-slave1 数据库
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
....
2022-11-12T04:34:10.172347Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: >yKwga-iY7-j
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'>yKwga-iY7-j' password 'guan123456'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mys\ql -uroot -p'>yKwga-iY7-j'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.40
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'>yKwga-iY7-j' password 'guan123456'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主服务器 msyql-master1
1.启动二进制日志文件，服务器ID ，GTID
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=1
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启mysql服务使配置文件生效
2.授权复制用户guan
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright © 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on . to ‘guan’@‘192.168.200.%’ identified by ‘guan123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
3.备份数据库
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysqldump -p'123456' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: A partial dump from a server that has GTIDs will by default include the GTIDs of all transactions, even those that changed suppressed parts of the database. If you don't want to restore GTIDs, pass --set-gtid-purged=OFF. To make a complete dump, pass --all-databases --triggers --routines --events.
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# scp 2022-11-12-mysql-all.sql mysql-slave1:/tmp
root@mysql-slave1's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@mysql-slave1's password:
2022-11-12-mysql-all.sql
登录 mysql-slave1 查看是否接收到日志文件
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# ls /tmp
2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql
2022-11-12-mysql-all.sql
4.模拟数据库变化
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 180
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| master1db |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(120);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
从服务器 mysql-slvae1
1.测试guan 用户是否可以使用
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -h mysql-master1 -uguan -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 227
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2.启动二进制日志，服务器ID，GTID
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=1
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启mysql服务使配置文件生效
3.恢复手动同步数据
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0; //临时关闭二进制日志文件
mysql> source /tmp/2022-11-12-mysql-all.sql //到入mysql-master1 二进制日志备份文件
....
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看是否导入成功
这里因为我是在插入120这个数据之前备份的，所有没有120这个数据
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
+--------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4.设置主服务器
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master1',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master1
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000010
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 458
Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 631
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000010
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 458
Relay_Log_Space: 845
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:3
Executed_Gtid_Set: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-3
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
5.返回主服务器(mysql-master1) 更新数据，在从服务器 (mysql-slave1) 观察是否同步
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.双主双从
前面的实验，主服务器单节点设置。假如服务器故障会影响全局的写入事件。
故需要设置双主双从
当前环境已经设置了mysql-master1为mysql-slave1的主服务器，只需要将mysql-slave1设置为master1的主服务器即可，故将mysql-slave1改名为mysql-master2
设置mysql-master2为mysql-master1的主服务器
1.在mysql-master2上进行授权
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'guan'@'192.168.200.%' identified by 'guan123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'guan'@'192.168.200.%' identified by 'guan123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
2.在mysql-master1进行配置
配置mysql-master1的主服务器为mysql-master2
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master2',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master2
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_File: mysql-master1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 834
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 621
Relay_Log_Space: 1049
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-2
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-2,
73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-3
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
测试
1.先在mysql-maste1上插入数据，在mysql-master2上观察
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(121);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
+--------+
7 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> exit;
[root@mysql-master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 //在msyql-master2看到在mysql-master1插入的数据则说明同步成功
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
2.先在mysql-maste2上插入数据，在mysql-master1上观察
[root@mysql-master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(122);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
+--------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 //在msyql-master1看到在mysql-master2插入的数据则说明同步成功
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
双方同步成功，则说明双主双内设置完成
进行两台从服务器的配置
1.同步现有数据库
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysqldump -p'123456' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > mmss-mysql-all.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: A partial dump from a server that has GTIDs will by default include the GTIDs of all transactions, even those that changed suppressed parts of the database. If you don't want to restore GTIDs, pass --set-gtid-purged=OFF. To make a complete dump, pass --all-databases --triggers --routines --events.
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# ls
2022-11-11-mysql-all.sql log.txt mysql_bin.000002 模板 下载
2022-11-12-mysql-all.sql mmss-mysql-all.sql mysql_bin.index 视频 音乐
anaconda-ks.cfg -mysql-all.sql zabbix 图片 桌面
initial-setup-ks.cfg mysql_bin.000001 公共 文档
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# scp -r mmss-mysql-all.sql mysql-slave1:/tmp
Warning: Permanently added the ECDSA host key for IP address '192.168.200.183' to the list of known hosts.
root@mysql-slave1's password:
mmss-mysql-all.sql 100% 7525KB 18.8MB/s 00:00
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# scp -r mmss-mysql-all.sql mysql-slave2:/tmp
The authenticity of host 'mysql-slave2 (192.168.200.185)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ygT6h9ejxNmaemQtyIzVYHEbRko0BaG4PstS2LTavDM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:88:1f:c4:d2:fe:73:b9:1f:7f:26:cd:2c:ba:ad:5c:b5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'mysql-slave2,192.168.200.185' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@mysql-slave2's password:
mmss-mysql-all.sql 100% 7525KB 29.3MB/s 00:00
登录mysql-slave1 查看是否接收到mysql-master1发送的日志
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# ls /tmp
mmss-mysql-all.sql
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# ls /tmp
mmss-mysql-all.sql
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -p'guan123456' < /tmp/mmss-mysql-all.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| master1db |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# mysql -p'guan123456' < /tmp/mmss-mysql-all.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| master1db |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2.启动从服务器ID，GTID
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
server_id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=1
master-info-repository=TABLE
realy-log-info-repository=TABLE
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
server_id=4
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=1
master-info-repository=TABLE
realy-log-info-repository=TABLE
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
3.设置主服务器
mysql-slave1
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master1',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1 for channel'mysql-master1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.13 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master2',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1 for channel'mysql-master2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master1
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000012
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_File: [email protected]
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000012
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_Space: 599
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-3,
73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-4
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: mysql-master1
Master_TLS_Version:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master2
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 885
Relay_Log_File: [email protected]
Relay_Log_Pos: 414
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 885
Relay_Log_Space: 646
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-3,
73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-4
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: mysql-master2
Master_TLS_Version:
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
mysql-slave2
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master1',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1 for channel'mysql-master1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='mysql-master2',master_user='guan',master_password='guan123456',master_auto_position=1 for channel'mysql-master2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master1
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000012
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_File: [email protected]
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000012
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_Space: 599
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-3,
73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-4
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: mysql-master1
Master_TLS_Version:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-master2
Master_User: guan
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 885
Relay_Log_File: [email protected]
Relay_Log_Pos: 414
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 885
Relay_Log_Space: 646
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3ff81eac-6243-11ed-be20-000c295a3e87:1-3,
73bb1733-5f2c-11ed-b77a-000c290b1839:1-4
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: mysql-master2
Master_TLS_Version:
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
验证是否成功
1.先往mysql-master1里插入数据
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
+--------+
8 rows in set (0.20 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values(123);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
| 123 |
+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql-master2
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
| 123 |
+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql-slave1
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
| 123 |
+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql-slave2
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'guan123456'
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 333333 |
| 444444 |
| 119 |
| 120 |
| 121 |
| 122 |
| 123 |
+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
五、代理技术
1.代理简介
2.Mycat 实战练习
2.1配置JAVA 环境
在oracle官网下载：java的包并上传到服务器上
oracle官网地址：https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 模板 下载
initial-setup-ks.cfg yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm 视频 音乐
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm zabbix 图片 桌面
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm 公共 文档
[root@mycat ~]# cd 桌面
[root@mycat 桌面]# ls
jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
nginx-1.22.0 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz zabbix-6.0.9.tar.gz
VMwareTools-10.3.10-13959562.tar.gz zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
vmware-tools-distrib zabbix.shell
[root@mycat 桌面]# cp jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz /root
[root@mycat 桌面]# cd
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm 公共 文档
initial-setup-ks.cfg yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 模板 下载
jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm 视频 音乐
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm zabbix 图片 桌面
[root@mycat ~]# tar xf jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local
bin etc games include jdk1.8.0_351 lib lib64 libexec nginx sbin share src
[root@mycat ~]# ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_351/ /usr/local/java
[root@mycat ~]# ls -l /usr/local
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 11月 12 23:24 java -> /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_351/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 273 11月 12 23:23 jdk1.8.0_351
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 8月 21 23:14 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 17 2022 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 src
[root@mycat ~]# vim /etc/profile //添加三行内容，设置JAVA变量，便于JAVA调用
....
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME PATH
[root@mycat ~]# tail -5 /etc/profile
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME PATH
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/local/java
[root@mycat ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_351"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_351-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.351-b10, mixed mode)
2.2配置Mycat
下载mycat
Mycat官网地址：http://www.mycat.org.cn/
Mycat下载地址：http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6-RELEASE/
上传下载好的Mycat包到服务器上
[root@mycat 桌面]# ls
jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
nginx-1.22.0 zabbix-6.0.9.tar.gz
nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
VMwareTools-10.3.10-13959562.tar.gz zabbix.shell
vmware-tools-distrib
[root@mycat 桌面]# cp Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz /root
[root@mycat 桌面]# cd
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm 模板 音乐
initial-setup-ks.cfg yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 视频 桌面
jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm 图片
Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz zabbix 文档
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm 公共 下载
[root@mycat ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/logs
[root@mycat ~]#
2.3配置 mycat 前端
注释掉多余的用户
启动 mycat 管理员
2.4配置 mycat 后端
备份schema.xml文件防止改错
[root@mycat ~]# cp /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml .
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg zabbix
initial-setup-ks.cfg 公共
jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz 模板
Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz 视频
mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm 图片
schema.xml 文档
[root@mycat ~]#vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
删除以下内容
错误配置文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="guanDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="guanDB" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="mysql-master1" url="mysql-master1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456">
<readHost host="mysql-slave1" url="mysql-slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
<readHost host="mysql-slave2" url="mysql-slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="mysql-master2" url="mysql-master1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456">
<readHost host="mysql-slave1" url="mysql-slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
<readHost host="mysql-slave2" url="mysql-slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</mycat:schema>
可以通过日志找到错误
[root@mycat ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@mycat ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java
[root@mycat ~]# ps aux |grep java
root 62830 0.0 0.0 112824 980 pts/0 R+ 01:54 0:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@mycat ~]# ps aux |grep mycat
root 62848 0.0 0.0 112824 980 pts/0 R+ 01:54 0:00 grep --color=auto mycat
[root@mycat ~]# cd /usr/local/mycat/logs
[root@mycat logs]# ls
mycat.log wrapper.log
[root@mycat logs]# cat /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.log
[root@mycat logs]# cat /usr/local/mycat/logs/wrapper.log
STATUS | wrapper | 2022/11/13 01:52:37 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon
STATUS | wrapper | 2022/11/13 01:52:37 | Launching a JVM...
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:37 | Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=64M; support was removed in 8.0
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:39 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org
java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:41 | Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 22; columnNumber: 3; 元素类型 "dataHost" 必须由匹配的结束标记 "" 终止。
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:41 | at
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:41 | Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 22; columnNumber: 3; 元素类型 "dataHost" 必须由匹配的结束标记 "" 终止。
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:41 | at
INFO | jvm 1 | 2022/11/13 01:52:41 | ... 13 more
STATUS | wrapper | 2022/11/13 01:52:43 | <-- Wrapper Stopped
最终配置文件
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
//schema name: mycat 维护的集群名称
<schema name="guanDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"></schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="guanDB" />
//datanode: 后方节点群的名称 datahost: 后方节点群的主机名称
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
//在本案列中switchType值设置为1，表示自动切换，某些对主从数据一致要求较高的场景，建议使用2判断主从状态后在切换，切换的触发条件为主节点mysql服务器崩溃或停止
slaveThreshold主从的延迟在多少秒以内，则把读请求分发到这个从节点，否则不往这个节点分发，假设生产环境能容忍的主从延时为60秒，则设置此值为60，
此案例中设置为60
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="mysql-master1" url="mysql-master1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456">
//writehost: 写主机
<readHost host="mysql-slave1" url="mysql-slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
//readHost: 读主机
<readHost host="mysql-slave2" url="mysql-slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="mysql-master2" url="mysql-master1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456">
<readHost host="mysql-slave1" url="mysql-slave1:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
<readHost host="mysql-slave2" url="mysql-slave2:3306" user="mycatproxy" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
balance 类型
1.balance=“0”，关闭读写分离功能。所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost 上。
2.balance=“1”，开启读写分离，所有读操作都随机发送到readHost
writeType 属性
备份型
1.writeType=“0”，所有写操作发送到配置的第一个 writeHost,第一个挂了切换到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后，以切换后的为准，切换记录在配置文件中：dnindex.properties.
负载型
2.writeType=“1”,所有写操作都随机发送到配置的 writeHost
switchType 模式
switchType 指的是切换模式，目前的取值也有4种
1.switchType=“-1” 负1表示不自动切换
2.switchTyep=“1” 默认值，表示根据延时自动切换
3.switchType="2"根据MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换，心跳语句为 show slave status
登录mysql-master1进行给 mycatproxy 用户进行授权
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'mycatproxy'@'192.168.200.186' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.42 sec)
2.5启动 mycat
在 mycat 服务器上启动
[root@mycat logs]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@mycat logs]# netstat -anpt | grep java
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:32000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 :::39561 :::* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 :::36852 :::* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 :::1984 :::* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 63558/java
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:31000 127.0.0.1:32000 ESTABLISHED 63558/java
在 mycat 服务器上安装 一个客户端
[root@mycat logs]# yum install -y mariadb
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.68-1.el7，它被软件包 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================================
正在安装:
mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 base 8.8 M
为依赖而安装:
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 base 760 k
事务概要
===================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量：9.5 M
安装大小：53 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 760 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.8 MB 00:00:01
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 8.3 MB/s | 9.5 MB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 1/2
正在安装 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 2/2
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 1/2
验证中 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 2/2
已安装:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
完毕！
[root@mycat logs]# netstat -anpt |grep 3306
[root@mycat logs]# mysql -hmycat -uroot -p'guan123456' -P8066
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| guanDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
登录mysql-master1创建数据库并且创建表，然后往表里面插入数据
因为mycat 只有查询和读的权限，没有写的权限
[root@mysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> create database guanDB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table guanDB.test1 (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> insert into guanDB.test1 values(123456);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
在mycat 服务器上进行查询
[root@mycat logs]# mysql -hmycat -uroot -p'guan123456' -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| guanDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from guanDB.test1;
+--------+
| id |
+--------+
| 123456 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.22 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>