linux下的msleep()，mdelay函数解析

sleep()函数：

static inline void ssleep(unsigned int seconds)
{
	msleep(seconds * 1000);
}

msleep函数：

void msleep(unsigned int msecs)
{
	unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;

	while (timeout)
		timeout = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(timeout);
}

msecs_to_jiffies函数：

unsigned long msecs_to_jiffies(const unsigned int m)
{
	/*
	 * Negative value, means infinite timeout:
	 */
	if ((int)m < 0)
		return MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET;

#if HZ <= MSEC_PER_SEC && !(MSEC_PER_SEC % HZ)
	/*
	 * HZ is equal to or smaller than 1000, and 1000 is a nice
	 * round multiple of HZ, divide with the factor between them,
	 * but round upwards:
	 */
	return (m + (MSEC_PER_SEC / HZ) - 1) / (MSEC_PER_SEC / HZ);
#elif HZ > MSEC_PER_SEC && !(HZ % MSEC_PER_SEC)
	/*
	 * HZ is larger than 1000, and HZ is a nice round multiple of
	 * 1000 - simply multiply with the factor between them.
	 *
	 * But first make sure the multiplication result cannot
	 * overflow:
	 */
	if (m > jiffies_to_msecs(MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET))
		return MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET;

	return m * (HZ / MSEC_PER_SEC);
#else
	/*
	 * Generic case - multiply, round and divide. But first
	 * check that if we are doing a net multiplication, that
	 * we wouldn't overflow:
	 */
	if (HZ > MSEC_PER_SEC && m > jiffies_to_msecs(MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET))
		return MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET;

	return (MSEC_TO_HZ_MUL32 * m + MSEC_TO_HZ_ADJ32)
		>> MSEC_TO_HZ_SHR32;
#endif
}
EXPO

schedule_timeout_uninterruptible函数：

signed long __sched schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}

schedule_timeout函数：

signed long __sched schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
{
	struct timer_list timer;
	unsigned long expire;

	switch (timeout)
	{
	case MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT:
		/*
		 * These two special cases are useful to be comfortable
		 * in the caller. Nothing more. We could take
		 * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT from one of the negative value
		 * but I' d like to return a valid offset (>=0) to allow
		 * the caller to do everything it want with the retval.
		 */
		schedule();
		goto out;
	default:
		/*
		 * Another bit of PARANOID. Note that the retval will be
		 * 0 since no piece of kernel is supposed to do a check
		 * for a negative retval of schedule_timeout() (since it
		 * should never happens anyway). You just have the printk()
		 * that will tell you if something is gone wrong and where.
		 */
		if (timeout < 0) {
			printk(KERN_ERR "schedule_timeout: wrong timeout "
				"value %lx\n", timeout);
			dump_stack();
			current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	expire = timeout + jiffies;

	setup_timer_on_stack(&timer, process_timeout, (unsigned long)current);
	__mod_timer(&timer, expire, false, TIMER_NOT_PINNED);
	schedule();
	del_singleshot_timer_sync(&timer);

	/* Remove the timer from the object tracker */
	destroy_timer_on_stack(&timer);

	timeout = expire - jiffies;

 out:
	return timeout < 0 ? 0 : timeout;
}

在Linux Driver开发中，经常要用到延迟函数：msleep，mdelay／udelay．

虽然msleep和mdelay都有延迟的作用，但他们是有区别的．

1.)对于模块本身

mdelay是忙等待函数，在延迟过程中无法运行其他任务．这个延迟的时间是准确的．是需要等待多少时间就会真正等待多少时间．

msleep是休眠函数，因为用到了schedule_timeout函数，它不涉及忙等待．你如果是msleep(10)，那实际上延迟的时间，大部分时候是要多于10ms的，是个不定的时间值．

2.)对于系统：

mdelay() 会占用cpu资源，导致其他功能此时也无法使用cpu资源。

msleep() 则不会占住cpu资源，其他模块此时也可以使用cpu资源。

delay函数是忙则等待，占用CPU时间；而sleep函数使调用的进程进行休眠。

3.)udelay() mdelay() ndelay() 区别：

udelay(); mdelay(); ndelay();实现的原理本质上都是忙等待，ndelay和mdelay都是通过udelay衍生出来的。

我们使用这些函数的实现往往会碰到编译器的警告implicit declaration of function 'udelay'，这往往是由于头文件的使用不当造成的。

在arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h中定义了udelay()，而在include/linux/delay.h中定义了mdelay和ndelay.

udelay一般适用于一个比较小的delay，如果你填的数大于2000，系统会认为你这个是一个错误的delay函数，因此如果需要2ms以上的delay需要使用mdelay函数。

#ifndef MAX_UDELAY_MS
#define MAX_UDELAY_MS	5
#endif

#ifndef mdelay
#define mdelay(n) (\
	(__builtin_constant_p(n) && (n)<=MAX_UDELAY_MS) ? udelay((n)*1000) : \
	({unsigned long __ms=(n); while (__ms--) udelay(1000);}))
#endif

#ifndef ndelay
static inline void ndelay(unsigned long x)
{
	udelay(DIV_ROUND_UP(x, 1000));
}
#define ndelay(x) ndelay(x)
#endif

#ifndef MAX_UDELAY_MS
#define MAX_UDELAY_MS	5
#endif

#ifndef mdelay
#define mdelay(n) (\
	(__builtin_constant_p(n) && (n)<=MAX_UDELAY_MS) ? udelay((n)*1000) : \
	({unsigned long __ms=(n); while (__ms--) udelay(1000);}))
#endif

4.)msleep，ssleep区别：

休眠单位不同

5.)秒的单位

ms是毫秒=0.001秒

us是微秒=0.000001秒

ns是纳秒=0.000000001秒