Android系统启动流程--zygote进程的启动流程

在上一篇init进程启动流程中已经提到,在init中会解析一个init.rc文件,解析后会执行其中的命令来启动zygote进程、serviceManager进程等,下面我们来看一下:

//文件路径:system/core/init/init.cpp

static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
    //创建解析器
	Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);

    std::string bootscript = GetProperty("ro.boot.init_rc", "");
    if (bootscript.empty()) {
		//解析init.rc ,这个是手机设备上的路径,和源码中system/core/rootdir/init.rc是一个文件
        parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init/hw/init.rc");
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/system/etc/init");
        }
        // late_import is available only in Q and earlier release. As we don't
        // have system_ext in those versions, skip late_import for system_ext.
        parser.ParseConfig("/system_ext/etc/init");
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/product/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/product/etc/init");
        }
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/odm/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/odm/etc/init");
        }
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/vendor/etc/init");
        }
    } else {
        parser.ParseConfig(bootscript);
    }
}

我们来看一下这个init.rc中和zygote相关的部分:

#文件路径:system/core/rootdir/init.rc   或设备上 /system/etc/init/hw/init.rc

#引入子rc文件,${ro.zygote}是一个变量,取值范围zygote32、zygote64、zygote32_64、zygote64_32,会根据实际设备是32位还是64位进行选择
import /system/etc/init/hw/init.${ro.zygote}.rc

# Mount filesystems and start core system services.
on late-init
    # Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
    #在init启动后的一个时机,触发启动zygote进程
    trigger zygote-start


on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=unencrypted
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start statsd
    start netd
    start zygote  #启动zygote进程,那么这个zygote是什么呢?
    start zygote_secondary


#还记得文件开头处的import 引入的子rc文件吗?我们以init.zygote64.rc为例:
#文件路径: system/core/rootdir/init.zygote64.rc

#service zygote 服务名为zygote
#对应的可执行程序路径:/system/bin/app_process64  (设备上的路径)
#-Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server  执行app_process64时传入的参数
service zygote /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    class main
    priority -20
    user root  #用户角色
    group root readproc reserved_disk
    socket zygote stream 660 root system
    socket usap_pool_primary stream 660 root system
   
    #如果意外挂掉需要重启的服务
    onrestart exec_background - system system -- /system/bin/vdc volume abort_fuse
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart audioserver
    onrestart restart cameraserver
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd
    onrestart restart wificond
    writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks

和上一篇中的init一样,zygote进程也具化到了设备中的执行程序,即app_process,我们来看下他是由那个文件编译出来的。

//文件路径 frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/Android.bp

cc_binary {
    name: "app_process",

    srcs: ["app_main.cpp"], //是同目录的app_main.cpp
    ...
}

至于怎么去找这么文件的路径目前没有发现太好的办法,只能是多熟悉每一层的bp编译脚本+关键字搜索。

打开app_main.cpp文件:

//文件路径:framesworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp

//argv :-Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
    //创建了android运行时环境
    AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));

    //根据传入的参数设置变量值
    bool zygote = false;
    bool startSystemServer = false;
    bool application = false;
    String8 niceName;
    String8 className;

    while (i < argc) {
        const char* arg = argv[i++];
        if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) { //传入参数中有--zygote,所以zygote = true
            zygote = true;
            niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) { //同理startSystemServer = true
            startSystemServer = true;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
            application = true;
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
            niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
            className.setTo(arg);
            break;
        } else {
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }

    Vector args;
    if (!className.isEmpty()) {
       ...
    }else {
        // We're in zygote mode.
        maybeCreateDalvikCache();

        if (startSystemServer) { //上面已经赋值为true
            // args中又添加了这个参数
            args.add(String8("start-system-server"));
        }

        ...

        // In zygote mode, pass all remaining arguments to the zygote
        // main() method.
        for (; i < argc; ++i) {
            args.add(String8(argv[i]));
        }
    }
    ...
    if (zygote) {
		//启动运行时环境,这里就是有native转到到java层的入口,这也是为什么说zygote是java层进程的鼻祖
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
    } else if (className) { //而这个分支是启动app相关的流程,可以先有个印象后续分析到应用的启动流程可能还会看到这里
        // 将上面的args参数数组传入
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n");
        app_usage();
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
    }
}


继续跟踪runtime.start()方法,runtime是AppRuntime类型,但AppRuntime并没有start(),因为是定义在AppRuntime的父类中,找到此方法看下具体操作:

//文件路径: frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector& options, bool zygote)
{
   
    bool primary_zygote = false;

    /*
     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
     */
    //根据options参数判断是否是第一次启动zygote
    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
            primary_zygote = true;
           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
        }
    }

    //设置android root目录环境变量
    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (rootDir == NULL) {
        rootDir = "/system";
        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /system does not exist.");
            return;
        }
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
    }


    JNIEnv* env;
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote, primary_zygote) != 0) {  //启动虚拟机,设置虚拟机的参数默认值
        return;
    }

     if (startReg(env) < 0) {  //注册JNI方法,系统api中涉及的jni方法都是在这里注册的
        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        return;
    }


    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
    
    }else {
        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            //jni 执行ZygoteInit.java 的main()方法,由此过渡到java层
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
        }
    }
}

这里放一张图用于表示进程与虚拟机的关系,即每个进程都有独立的虚拟机,而虚拟机就是一块大的内存区域,这块大内存又划分为堆、线程栈、方法区、程序计数器、本地方法栈等等更小的内存块。

Android系统启动流程--zygote进程的启动流程_第1张图片

 继续上面的流程,进入java层的com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit的main()函数:

// 文件路径:frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.java
 public static void main(String argv[]) {
        
      ZygoteServer zygoteServer = null;

      //根据传入的参数设置变量
      for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
                if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) { //由层传入,所以startSystemServer = true
                    startSystemServer = true;
                } else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
                    enableLazyPreload = true;
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                    abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                    zygoteSocketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
                }
      }

      if (!enableLazyPreload) {
                bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("ZygotePreload");
                EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
                        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
			    //预加载系统资源文件,应用进程都是zygote进程fork出来的,在此进行预加载就不用在应用进程中再去重复加载资源文件,提升应用启动速度
                preload(bootTimingsTraceLog);
                EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
                        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
                bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // ZygotePreload
      }
 
      ...
 

      zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer(isPrimaryZygote);

            if (startSystemServer) {
				//启动SystemServer进程,有zygote fork而来
                Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);

                // {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
                // child (system_server) process.
                if (r != null) {
                    r.run();
                    return;
                }
            }

            Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");

            // The select loop returns early in the child process after a fork and
            // loops forever in the zygote.
            //死循环,等待Ams发出的创建应用进程的消息
            caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
}

zygote进程重要事项总结

c++层:

  1. 创建Android runtime
  2. 启动虚拟机
  3. 注册JNI方法
  4. 通过JNI调用ZygoteInit.java的main(),转入到java层

java层:

  1. 预加载一些系统资源,如一些java类,resources文件,Graphics驱动、hal层的资源、动态库相关的操作等等
  2. 创建zygoteServer 服务端socket,等待AMS发出的创建应用进程的消息。
  3. fork 出systemServer进程

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