赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 057 The Elephant and the Whale 大象与鲸鱼

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I. Reading 阅读

The biggest and strongest animal on land is the elephant. The largest and heaviest animal in the sea is the whale. It's also the biggest eater in the world. It eats a ton of food a day. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal. Although the elephant and the whale are both mammals, they are indeed very different.

陆地上最大，最壮的动物就是大象。海中最大、最重的动物则是鲸鱼，它也是世界上吃得最多的动物，它每天要吃一吨的食物。它看起来像鱼，但它实际上是哺乳动物。虽然大象和鲸鱼都是哺乳动物，它们却大不相同。

II. Vocabulary&ldioms 单词短语注解

1. elephant [ˈɛləfənt] n. 大象
2. whale [hwel/wel] n. 鲸
3. biggest [bɪgɪst] a.最大的(为big的最高级)
4. strongest [strɔgɪst] a.最强壮的(为strong的最高级)
5. animal ['ænɪml] n.动物
6. on land 在陆地上
   land [lænd] n.陆地
   例: Some mammals live on land, and some live in the sea.
   (有些哺乳动物居住在陆地上,而有些则居住在海洋里。)
7. largest [lɑrdʒɪst] a.最大的(为large的最高级)
   *此处largest即等于biggest，皆表体积最大的。
8. heaviest ['hɛvɪst] a.最重的(为heavy的最高级)
   heavy ['hɛvi] a.重的
   例: Can you help me lift this heavy box?
   (你可以帮忙我抬这个很重的箱子吗?)
9. sea [si] n.海洋
10. eater ['itɚ] n. 食者
11. in the world 世界上
    world [wɝld] n. 世界
    例: My son, Mike, is the cutest boy in the world.
    (我儿子迈克是全世界最可爱的男孩。)
12. ton [tʌn] n.吨
    a ton of... 一吨的......
13. fish [fɪʃ] n. 鱼
    注意：
    此单词单复数同形，亦即a fish、two fish、three fish... many fish。
14. mammal ['mæml] n. 哺乳动物
15. indeed [ɪn'did] adv. 实在
    例: My teacher is indeed very knowledgeable.
    (我的老师实在是很有学问。)

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

本课主要介绍比较等级中形容词的最高级形及其用法。

1. The biggest and strongest animal on land is the elephant.
   (陆地上最大、最壮的动物就是大象。)
   以上句中的biggest及strongest均为形容词的最高级。
   在前面的课文中我们已提到形容词的比较级及最高级的变化。本课则就形容词的最高级使用时应注意事项提出说明如下：
   a. 形容词的最高级应与定冠词the并用:
   例: She is a most beautiful girl in her class. ( X )
   →She is the most beautiful girl in her class. ( O )
   (她是她班上最美丽的女孩子。)
   David is a best student in his school. ( X )
   → David is the best student in his school. ( O )
   (大卫是他学校中最好的学生。)
   b. 含有比较等级的句子结构中，有三个或三个以上的比较对象时，方可使用最高级；若只有两个对象相互比较时，只能使用比较级。
   例: Of the three girls, she is the most beautiful.
   (这三个女孩子中,她是最美的。)
   Of the ten students, David is the best.
   (这十个学生中哆大卫是最好的一个。)
   Of the two books, this one is the more interesting.
   (这两本书中,这一本比较有趣。)
   Of the two teachers, John is the kinder.
   (这两位老W中,约翰是比较仁慈的一位。)
   c. 在b项的例句中，均含有“of the+数字+名词”的介词短语，句中的形容词不论是最高级或比较级，其前均冠以定冠词the。且由于介词短语已有名词出现，形容词的最高级或比较级之后相同的名词就应省略。
   例: Of the two boys, John is better. ( X )
   Of the two boys, John is the better boy. (劣，boy与boys重复)
   → Of the two boys, John is the better. ( O )
   ( 这两个男孩中，约翰比较好。)
   d. 上列of引导的介词短语中，数字为three(三)或以上时，of 可由among(在......之中)取代，但若为two(二)时，只能使用of，而不可使用among。
   例: Of the five cars, the red one is the prettiest.
   = Among the five cars, the red one is the prettiest.
   (这五辆汽车中,红色的那一辆最漂亮。)
   Among the two cars, the red one is the prettier. ( X )
   →Of the two cars, the red one is the prettier. ( O )
   (这两辆汽车中,红色的那一辆比较漂亮。)
   e. 形容词的最高级与the之间可置数字(如two、three等)，与复数名词并用。
   例: John and Mary are two best students in our class. ( X )
   →John and Mary are the two best students in our class. ( O )
   (约翰和玛丽是我们班上最好的两个学生。)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. The biggest animal on land is the elephant.
   February is the shortest month of the year.
   The Sears Building in the United States is the tallest building in the world.
   (陆地上最大的动物是大象。)
   (二月是一年之中最短的一个月。)
   (美国的席而思大楼是世界上最高的建筑物。)
2. The heaviest animal in the sea is the whale.
   Of all the animals in the sea, the whale is the biggest.
   Of the five continents, Asia is the largest.
   (海中最重的动物是鲸鱼。)
   (海中所有的动物中，鲸鱼是最大的。)
   (在五大洲中，亚洲是最大的。)

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