NDIS驱动分析

链 接: http://bbs.pediy.com/showthread.php?t=65053

从Ndis Intermediate Miniport driver说吧，参考passthru

NTSTATUS
DriverEntry(
  IN  PDRIVER_OBJECT    DriverObject,
  IN  PUNICODE_STRING    RegistryPath
  )
程序入口没什么好说的 而NDIS不符合WDM往下到了

NdisMInitializeWrapper(&NdisWrapperHandle, DriverObject, RegistryPath, NULL);
在DriverEntry里调用NdisMInitializeWrapper函数初始包裹来使得微端口驱动和NDIS相联系。它返回一个NdisWrapperHandle句柄，它是代表这个微端口驱动程序结构的句柄。

然而NdisMInitializeWrapper到底作了什么呢？我们看REACTOS里这个函数

Code
EXPORT
NdisInitializeWrapper(
    OUT PNDIS_HANDLE    NdisWrapperHandle,
    IN  PVOID           SystemSpecific1,
    IN  PVOID           SystemSpecific2,
    IN  PVOID           SystemSpecific3)
/*
 * FUNCTION: Notifies the NDIS library that a new miniport is initializing
 * ARGUMENTS:
 *     NdisWrapperHandle = Address of buffer to place NDIS wrapper handle
 *     SystemSpecific1   = Pointer to the driver's driver object
 *     SystemSpecific2   = Pointer to the driver's registry path
 *     SystemSpecific3   = Always NULL
 * NOTES:
 *     - SystemSpecific2 goes invalid so we copy it
 */
{
  PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK Miniport;
  PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath;
  WCHAR *RegistryBuffer;

  NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Called.\n"));

  ASSERT(NdisWrapperHandle);

  *NdisWrapperHandle = NULL;

#if BREAK_ON_MINIPORT_INIT
  __asm__ ("int $3\n");
#endif

  Miniport = ExAllocatePool(NonPagedPool, sizeof(NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK));

  if (!Miniport)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
      return;
    }

  RtlZeroMemory(Miniport, sizeof(NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK));

  KeInitializeSpinLock(&Miniport->Lock);

  Miniport->DriverObject = (PDRIVER_OBJECT)SystemSpecific1;

  /* set the miniport's driver registry path */
  RegistryPath = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, sizeof(UNICODE_STRING));
  if(!RegistryPath)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
      return;
    }

  RegistryPath->Length = ((PUNICODE_STRING)SystemSpecific2)->Length;
  RegistryPath->MaximumLength = RegistryPath->Length + sizeof(WCHAR);  /* room for 0-term */

  RegistryBuffer = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, RegistryPath->MaximumLength);
  if(!RegistryBuffer)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
      return;
    }

  RtlCopyMemory(RegistryBuffer, ((PUNICODE_STRING)SystemSpecific2)->Buffer, RegistryPath->Length);
  RegistryBuffer[RegistryPath->Length/sizeof(WCHAR)] = 0;

  RegistryPath->Buffer = RegistryBuffer;
  Miniport->RegistryPath = RegistryPath;

  InitializeListHead(&Miniport->DeviceList);

  /* Put miniport in global miniport list */
  ExInterlockedInsertTailList(&MiniportListHead, &Miniport->ListEntry, &MiniportListLock);

  *NdisWrapperHandle = Miniport;
}

它仅初始化了一个NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK结构Miniport，并把他插入链表并返回这个结构
让我们看看它的结构
typedef struct _NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK {
    LIST_ENTRY                      ListEntry;                /* Entry on global list */
    KSPIN_LOCK                      Lock;                     /* Protecting spin lock */
    NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS   MiniportCharacteristics;  /* Miniport characteristics */
    WORK_QUEUE_ITEM                 WorkItem;                 /* Work item */
    PDRIVER_OBJECT                  DriverObject;             /* Driver object of miniport */
    LIST_ENTRY                      DeviceList;               /* Adapters created by miniport */
    PUNICODE_STRING                 RegistryPath;             /* SCM Registry key */
} NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK, *PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK;

注意有一个 NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS结构，我们下面必须初始化这一结构， NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS结构指定了与微端口兼容的NDIS版本以及由微端口提供的可选上层函数（MINIPORTXXX）。然后DriverEntry通过一个指向NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS的指针调用NdisIMRegisterLayeredMiniport或NdisMRegisterMiniport


    NdisZeroMemory(&MChars, sizeof(NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS));

    MChars.MajorNdisVersion = PASSTHRU_MAJOR_NDIS_VERSION;
    MChars.MinorNdisVersion = PASSTHRU_MINOR_NDIS_VERSION;

    MChars.InitializeHandler = MPInitialize;
    MChars.QueryInformationHandler = MPQueryInformation;
    MChars.SetInformationHandler = MPSetInformation;
    MChars.ResetHandler = MPReset;
    MChars.TransferDataHandler = MPTransferData;
    MChars.HaltHandler = MPHalt;
#ifdef NDIS51_MINIPORT
    MChars.CancelSendPacketsHandler = MPCancelSendPackets;
    MChars.PnPEventNotifyHandler = MPDevicePnPEvent;
    MChars.AdapterShutdownHandler = MPAdapterShutdown;
#endif // NDIS51_MINIPORT

    //
    // We will disable the check for hang timeout so we do not
    // need a check for hang handler!
    //
    MChars.CheckForHangHandler = NULL;
    MChars.ReturnPacketHandler = MPReturnPacket;

    //
    // Either the Send or the SendPackets handler should be specified.
    // If SendPackets handler is specified, SendHandler is ignored
    //
    MChars.SendHandler = NULL;  // MPSend;
    MChars.SendPacketsHandler = MPSendPackets;

    Status = NdisIMRegisterLayeredMiniport(NdisWrapperHandle,
                            &MChars,
                            sizeof(MChars),
                            &DriverHandle);

我们来看看NdisMRegisterMiniport做了什么

Code
NDIS_STATUS
EXPORT
NdisMRegisterMiniport(
    IN  NDIS_HANDLE                     NdisWrapperHandle,
    IN  PNDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS  MiniportCharacteristics,
    IN  UINT                            CharacteristicsLength)
/*
 * FUNCTION: Registers a miniport's MiniportXxx entry points with the NDIS library
 * ARGUMENTS:
 *     NdisWrapperHandle       = Pointer to handle returned by NdisMInitializeWrapper
 *     MiniportCharacteristics = Pointer to a buffer with miniport characteristics
 *     CharacteristicsLength   = Number of bytes in characteristics buffer
 * RETURNS:
 *     Status of operation
 */
{
  UINT MinSize;
  PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK Miniport = GET_MINIPORT_DRIVER(NdisWrapperHandle);
  PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK *MiniportPtr;
  NTSTATUS Status;

  NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Called.\n"));

  switch (MiniportCharacteristics->MajorNdisVersion)
    {
      case 0x03:
        MinSize = sizeof(NDIS30_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS);
        break;

      case 0x04:
        MinSize = sizeof(NDIS40_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS);
        break;

      case 0x05:
        MinSize = sizeof(NDIS50_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS);
        break;

      default:
        NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Bad miniport characteristics version.\n"));
        return NDIS_STATUS_BAD_VERSION;
    }

  if (CharacteristicsLength < MinSize)
    {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Bad miniport characteristics.\n"));
        return NDIS_STATUS_BAD_CHARACTERISTICS;
    }

  /* Check if mandatory MiniportXxx functions are specified */
  if ((!MiniportCharacteristics->HaltHandler) ||
      (!MiniportCharacteristics->InitializeHandler)||
      (!MiniportCharacteristics->QueryInformationHandler) ||
      (!MiniportCharacteristics->ResetHandler) ||
      (!MiniportCharacteristics->SetInformationHandler))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Bad miniport characteristics.\n"));
      return NDIS_STATUS_BAD_CHARACTERISTICS;
    }

  if (MiniportCharacteristics->MajorNdisVersion == 0x03)
    {
      if (!MiniportCharacteristics->SendHandler)
        {
          NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Bad miniport characteristics.\n"));
          return NDIS_STATUS_BAD_CHARACTERISTICS;
        }
    }
  else if (MiniportCharacteristics->MajorNdisVersion >= 0x04)
    {
      /* NDIS 4.0+ */
      if ((!MiniportCharacteristics->SendHandler) &&
          (!MiniportCharacteristics->SendPacketsHandler))
        {
          NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Bad miniport characteristics.\n"));
          return NDIS_STATUS_BAD_CHARACTERISTICS;
        }
    }

  /* TODO: verify NDIS5 and NDIS5.1 */

  RtlCopyMemory(&Miniport->MiniportCharacteristics, MiniportCharacteristics, MinSize);

  /*
   * NOTE: This is VERY unoptimal! Should we store the NDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK
   * structure in the driver extension or what?
   */

  Status = IoAllocateDriverObjectExtension(Miniport->DriverObject, (PVOID)TAG('D','I','M','N'),
                                           sizeof(PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK), (PVOID*)&MiniportPtr);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't allocate driver object extension.\n"));
      return NDIS_STATUS_RESOURCES;
    }

  *MiniportPtr = Miniport;

  Miniport->DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_PNP] = NdisIDispatchPnp;
  Miniport->DriverObject->DriverExtension->AddDevice = NdisIAddDevice;

  return NDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

首先检查NDIS_MINIPORT_CHARACTERISTICS结构的有效性，然后调用了IoAllocateDriverObjectExtension分配了DriverObjectExtension然后就是设置PNP例程和AddDevice例程，当有网卡插入设备时创建设备，让我们看看NdisIAddDevice

Code
NTSTATUS
NTAPI
NdisIAddDevice(
    IN PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject,
    IN PDEVICE_OBJECT PhysicalDeviceObject)
/*
 * FUNCTION: Create a device for an adapter found using PnP
 * ARGUMENTS:
 *     DriverObject         = Pointer to the miniport driver object
 *     PhysicalDeviceObject = Pointer to the PDO for our adapter
 */
{
  static const WCHAR ClassKeyName[] = {'C','l','a','s','s','\\'};
  static const WCHAR LinkageKeyName[] = {'\\','L','i','n','k','a','g','e',0};
  PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK Miniport;
  PNDIS_M_DRIVER_BLOCK *MiniportPtr;
  WCHAR *LinkageKeyBuffer;
  ULONG DriverKeyLength;
  RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_TABLE QueryTable[2];
  UNICODE_STRING ExportName;
  PDEVICE_OBJECT DeviceObject;
  PLOGICAL_ADAPTER Adapter;
  NTSTATUS Status;

  /*
   * Gain the access to the miniport data structure first.
   */

  MiniportPtr = IoGetDriverObjectExtension(DriverObject, (PVOID)TAG('D','I','M','N'));
  if (MiniportPtr == NULL)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't get driver object extension.\n"));
      return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }
  Miniport = *MiniportPtr;

  /*
   * Get name of the Linkage registry key for our adapter. It's located under
   * the driver key for our driver and so we have basicly two ways to do it.
   * Either we can use IoOpenDriverRegistryKey or compose it using information
   * gathered by IoGetDeviceProperty. I choosed the second because
   * IoOpenDriverRegistryKey wasn't implemented at the time of writing.
   */

  Status = IoGetDeviceProperty(PhysicalDeviceObject, DevicePropertyDriverKeyName,
                               0, NULL, &DriverKeyLength);
  if (Status != STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't get miniport driver key length.\n"));
      return Status;
    }

  LinkageKeyBuffer = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, DriverKeyLength +
                                    sizeof(ClassKeyName) + sizeof(LinkageKeyName));
  if (LinkageKeyBuffer == NULL)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't allocate memory for driver key name.\n"));
      return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
    }

  Status = IoGetDeviceProperty(PhysicalDeviceObject, DevicePropertyDriverKeyName,
                               DriverKeyLength, LinkageKeyBuffer +
                               (sizeof(ClassKeyName) / sizeof(WCHAR)),
                               &DriverKeyLength);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't get miniport driver key.\n"));
      ExFreePool(LinkageKeyBuffer);
      return Status;
    }

  /* Compose the linkage key name. */
  RtlCopyMemory(LinkageKeyBuffer, ClassKeyName, sizeof(ClassKeyName));
  RtlCopyMemory(LinkageKeyBuffer + ((sizeof(ClassKeyName) + DriverKeyLength) /
                sizeof(WCHAR)) - 1, LinkageKeyName, sizeof(LinkageKeyName));

  NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("LinkageKey: %S.\n", LinkageKeyBuffer));

  /*
   * Now open the linkage key and read the "Export" and "RootDevice" values
   * which contains device name and root service respectively.
   */

  RtlZeroMemory(QueryTable, sizeof(QueryTable));
  RtlInitUnicodeString(&ExportName, NULL);
  QueryTable[0].Flags = RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_REQUIRED | RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT;
  QueryTable[0].Name = L"Export";
  QueryTable[0].EntryContext = &ExportName;

  Status = RtlQueryRegistryValues(RTL_REGISTRY_CONTROL, LinkageKeyBuffer,
                                  QueryTable, NULL, NULL);
  ExFreePool(LinkageKeyBuffer);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_MINIPORT, ("Can't get miniport device name. (%x)\n", Status));
      return Status;
    }

  /*
   * Create the device object.
   */

  NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("creating device %wZ\n", &ExportName));

  Status = IoCreateDevice(Miniport->DriverObject, sizeof(LOGICAL_ADAPTER),
    &ExportName, FILE_DEVICE_PHYSICAL_NETCARD,
    0, FALSE, &DeviceObject);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Could not create device object.\n"));
      RtlFreeUnicodeString(&ExportName);
      return Status;
    }

  /*
   * Initialize the adapter structure.
   */

  Adapter = (PLOGICAL_ADAPTER)DeviceObject->DeviceExtension;
  KeInitializeSpinLock(&Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.Lock);
  InitializeListHead(&Adapter->ProtocolListHead);
  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.DriverHandle = Miniport;

  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.MiniportName = ExportName;

  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.DeviceObject = DeviceObject;
  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.PhysicalDeviceObject = PhysicalDeviceObject;
  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.NextDeviceObject =
    IoAttachDeviceToDeviceStack(Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.DeviceObject,
                                PhysicalDeviceObject);

  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.OldPnPDeviceState = 0;
  Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.PnPDeviceState = NdisPnPDeviceAdded;

  KeInitializeDpc(&Adapter->NdisMiniportBlock.DeferredDpc, MiniportDpc, (PVOID)Adapter);

  DeviceObject->Flags &= ~DO_DEVICE_INITIALIZING;

  return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

可以看到首先通过注册表得到设备名，然后创建设备对象，然后初始化了一个adapter structure，让我们看看这个结构
typedef struct _LOGICAL_ADAPTER
{
    NDIS_MINIPORT_BLOCK         NdisMiniportBlock;      /* NDIS defined fields */
    BOOLEAN                     MiniportBusy;           /* A MiniportXxx routine is executing */
    PNDIS_MINIPORT_WORK_ITEM    WorkQueueHead;          /* Head of work queue */
    PNDIS_MINIPORT_WORK_ITEM    WorkQueueTail;          /* Tail of work queue */
    LIST_ENTRY                  ListEntry;              /* Entry on global list */
    LIST_ENTRY                  MiniportListEntry;      /* Entry on miniport driver list */
    LIST_ENTRY                  ProtocolListHead;       /* List of bound protocols */
    ULONG                       MediumHeaderSize;       /* Size of medium header */
    HARDWARE_ADDRESS            Address;                /* Hardware address of adapter */
    ULONG                       AddressLength;          /* Length of hardware address */
    PUCHAR                      LookaheadBuffer;        /* Pointer to lookahead buffer */
    ULONG                       LookaheadLength;        /* Length of lookahead buffer */
    PMINIPORT_BUGCHECK_CONTEXT  BugcheckContext;        /* Adapter's shutdown handler */
} LOGICAL_ADAPTER, *PLOGICAL_ADAPTER


第一个是 NDIS_MINIPORT_BLOCK 结构，它包括的东西很多很全这里就不贴了，可以到DDK去看 哈哈。

好了按照passthru下面它应该调用NdisRegisterProtocol注册协议了，它有一个NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS结构必须先初始化，和上面那个差不多吧 哈哈

    // Now register the protocol.
    //
    NdisZeroMemory(&PChars, sizeof(NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS));
    PChars.MajorNdisVersion = PASSTHRU_PROT_MAJOR_NDIS_VERSION;
    PChars.MinorNdisVersion = PASSTHRU_PROT_MINOR_NDIS_VERSION;

    //
    // Make sure the protocol-name matches the service-name
    // (from the INF) under which this protocol is installed.
    // This is needed to ensure that NDIS can correctly determine
    // the binding and call us to bind to miniports below.
    //
    NdisInitUnicodeString(&Name, L"Passthru");  // Protocol name
    PChars.Name = Name;
    PChars.OpenAdapterCompleteHandler = PtOpenAdapterComplete;
    PChars.CloseAdapterCompleteHandler = PtCloseAdapterComplete;
    PChars.SendCompleteHandler = PtSendComplete;
    PChars.TransferDataCompleteHandler = PtTransferDataComplete;
  
    PChars.ResetCompleteHandler = PtResetComplete;
    PChars.RequestCompleteHandler = PtRequestComplete;
    PChars.ReceiveHandler = PtReceive;
    PChars.ReceiveCompleteHandler = PtReceiveComplete;
    PChars.StatusHandler = PtStatus;
    PChars.StatusCompleteHandler = PtStatusComplete;
    PChars.BindAdapterHandler = PtBindAdapter;
    PChars.UnbindAdapterHandler = PtUnbindAdapter;
    PChars.UnloadHandler = PtUnloadProtocol;

    PChars.ReceivePacketHandler = PtReceivePacket;
    PChars.PnPEventHandler= PtPNPHandler;

    NdisRegisterProtocol(&Status,
               &ProtHandle,
               &PChars,
               sizeof(NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS));

可以看到在NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS中除了指定兼容版本以外还保存了强制的和非强制的ProtocolXxx函数地址。下面我们看一看NdisRegisterProtocol函数

Code
VOID
EXPORT
NdisRegisterProtocol(
    OUT PNDIS_STATUS                    Status,
    OUT PNDIS_HANDLE                    NdisProtocolHandle,
    IN  PNDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS  ProtocolCharacteristics,
    IN  UINT                            CharacteristicsLength)
/*
 * FUNCTION: Registers an NDIS driver's ProtocolXxx entry points
 * ARGUMENTS:
 *     Status                  = Address of buffer for status information
 *     NdisProtocolHandle      = Address of buffer for handle used to identify the driver
 *     ProtocolCharacteristics = Pointer to NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS structure
 *     CharacteristicsLength   = Size of structure which ProtocolCharacteristics targets
 * NOTES:
 *     - you *must* set NdisProtocolHandle before doing anything that could wind up
 *       getting BindAdapterHandler, as it will probably call OpenAdapter with this handle
 *     - the above implies that the initialization of the protocol block must be complete
 *       by then
 * TODO:
 *     - break this function up - probably do a 'ndisRefreshProtocolBindings' function
 *     - make this thing able to handle >1 protocol
 */
{
  PPROTOCOL_BINDING Protocol;
  NTSTATUS NtStatus;
  UINT MinSize;
  HANDLE DriverKeyHandle = NULL;
  PKEY_VALUE_PARTIAL_INFORMATION KeyInformation = NULL;
  WCHAR *DataPtr;

  NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Called.\n"));

  /* first validate the PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS */
  switch (ProtocolCharacteristics->MajorNdisVersion)
    {
    case 0x03:
      /* we don't really want to support ndis3 drivers - so we complain for now */
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MID_TRACE, ("NDIS 3 protocol attempting to register\n"));
      MinSize = sizeof(NDIS30_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS);
      break;

    case 0x04:
      MinSize = sizeof(NDIS40_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS);
      break;

    case 0x05:
      MinSize = sizeof(NDIS50_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS);
      break;

    default:
      *Status = NDIS_STATUS_BAD_VERSION;
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Incorrect characteristics size\n"));
      return;
    }

  if (CharacteristicsLength < MinSize)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(DEBUG_PROTOCOL, ("Bad protocol characteristics.\n"));
      *Status = NDIS_STATUS_BAD_CHARACTERISTICS;
      return;
    }

  /* set up the protocol block */
  Protocol = ExAllocatePool(NonPagedPool, sizeof(PROTOCOL_BINDING));
  if (!Protocol)
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
      *Status = NDIS_STATUS_RESOURCES;
      return;
    }

  RtlZeroMemory(Protocol, sizeof(PROTOCOL_BINDING));
  RtlCopyMemory(&Protocol->Chars, ProtocolCharacteristics, MinSize);

  NtStatus = RtlUpcaseUnicodeString(&Protocol->Chars.Name, &ProtocolCharacteristics->Name, TRUE);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtStatus))
    {
      NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
      ExFreePool(Protocol);
      *Status = NDIS_STATUS_RESOURCES;
      return;
    }

  KeInitializeSpinLock(&Protocol->Lock);

  InitializeListHead(&Protocol->AdapterListHead);

  /*
   * bind the protocol to all of its miniports
   *
   * open registry path
   * get list of devices from Bind key
   * call BindAdapterHandler for each
   */
  {
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
    UNICODE_STRING RegistryPath;
    WCHAR *RegistryPathStr;

    RegistryPathStr = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool, sizeof(SERVICES_KEY) + ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Length + sizeof(LINKAGE_KEY), NDIS_TAG + __LINE__);
    if(!RegistryPathStr)
      {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
        ExFreePool(Protocol);
        *Status = NDIS_STATUS_RESOURCES;
        return;
      }

    wcscpy(RegistryPathStr, SERVICES_KEY);
    wcsncat(RegistryPathStr, ((WCHAR *)ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Buffer), ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Length / sizeof(WCHAR));
    RegistryPathStr[wcslen(SERVICES_KEY)+ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Length/sizeof(WCHAR)] = 0;
    wcscat(RegistryPathStr, LINKAGE_KEY);

    RtlInitUnicodeString(&RegistryPath, RegistryPathStr);
    NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Opening configuration key: %wZ\n", &RegistryPath));

    InitializeObjectAttributes(&ObjectAttributes, &RegistryPath, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, NULL, NULL);
    NtStatus = ZwOpenKey(&DriverKeyHandle, KEY_READ, &ObjectAttributes);

    ExFreePool(RegistryPathStr);

    if(!NT_SUCCESS(NtStatus))
      {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(MID_TRACE, ("Unable to open protocol configuration\n"));
        ExFreePool(Protocol);
        *Status = NDIS_STATUS_FAILURE;
        return;
      }
  }

  NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Successfully opened the registry configuration\n"));

  {
    UNICODE_STRING ValueName;
    ULONG ResultLength;

    RtlInitUnicodeString(&ValueName, L"Bind");

    NtStatus = ZwQueryValueKey(DriverKeyHandle, &ValueName, KeyValuePartialInformation, NULL, 0, &ResultLength);
    if(NtStatus != STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW && NtStatus != STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
      {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(MID_TRACE, ("Unable to query the Bind value for size\n"));
        ZwClose(DriverKeyHandle);
        ExFreePool(Protocol);
        *Status = NDIS_STATUS_FAILURE;
        return;
      }

    KeyInformation = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool, sizeof(KEY_VALUE_PARTIAL_INFORMATION) + ResultLength, NDIS_TAG + __LINE__);
    if(!KeyInformation)
      {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Insufficient resources.\n"));
        ZwClose(DriverKeyHandle);
        ExFreePool(Protocol);
        *Status = NDIS_STATUS_FAILURE;
        return;
      }

    NtStatus = ZwQueryValueKey(DriverKeyHandle, &ValueName, KeyValuePartialInformation, KeyInformation,
        sizeof(KEY_VALUE_PARTIAL_INFORMATION) + ResultLength, &ResultLength);

    if(!NT_SUCCESS(NtStatus))
      {
        NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("Unable to query the Bind value\n"));
        ZwClose(DriverKeyHandle);
        ExFreePool(KeyInformation);
        ExFreePool(Protocol);
        *Status = NDIS_STATUS_FAILURE;
        return;
      }
  }

  for (DataPtr = (WCHAR *)KeyInformation->Data;
       *DataPtr != 0;
       DataPtr += wcslen(DataPtr) + 1)
    {
      /* BindContext is for tracking pending binding operations */
      VOID *BindContext = 0;
      NDIS_STRING DeviceName;
      NDIS_STRING RegistryPath;
      WCHAR *RegistryPathStr = NULL;
      ULONG PathLength = 0;

      RtlInitUnicodeString(&DeviceName, DataPtr);  /* we know this is 0-term */

      /*
       * RegistryPath should be:
       *     \Registry\Machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Nic1\Parameters\Tcpip
       *
       *  This is constructed as follows:
       *      SERVICES_KEY + extracted device name + Protocol name from characteristics
       */

      PathLength = sizeof(SERVICES_KEY) +                               /* \Registry\Machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\ */
          wcslen( DataPtr + 8 ) * sizeof(WCHAR) + /* Adapter1  (extracted from \Device\Adapter1)          */
          sizeof(PARAMETERS_KEY) +                                      /* \Parameters\                                         */
          ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Length + sizeof(WCHAR);                         /* Tcpip                                                */

      RegistryPathStr = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, PathLength);
      if(!RegistryPathStr)
        {
          NDIS_DbgPrint(MIN_TRACE, ("insufficient resources.\n"));
          ExFreePool(KeyInformation);
          ExFreePool(Protocol);
          *Status = NDIS_STATUS_RESOURCES;
          return;
        }

      wcscpy(RegistryPathStr, SERVICES_KEY);
      wcscat(RegistryPathStr, DataPtr + 8 );
      wcscat(RegistryPathStr, PARAMETERS_KEY);
      wcsncat(RegistryPathStr, ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Buffer, ProtocolCharacteristics->Name.Length / sizeof(WCHAR) );

      RegistryPathStr[PathLength/sizeof(WCHAR) - 1] = 0;

      RtlInitUnicodeString(&RegistryPath, RegistryPathStr);

      NDIS_DbgPrint(MAX_TRACE, ("Calling protocol's BindAdapter handler with DeviceName %wZ and RegistryPath %wZ\n",
          &DeviceName, &RegistryPath));

      /* XXX SD must do something with bind context */
      *NdisProtocolHandle = Protocol;

        {
          BIND_HANDLER BindHandler = ProtocolCharacteristics->BindAdapterHandler;
          if(BindHandler)
            BindHandler(Status, BindContext, &DeviceName, &RegistryPath, 0);
          else
            NDIS_DbgPrint(MID_TRACE, ("No protocol bind handler specified\n"));
        }

      /*
      (*(Protocol->Chars.BindAdapterHandler))(Status, BindContext, &DeviceName, &RegistryPath, 0);
      */

      if(*Status == NDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        {
          /* Put protocol binding struct on global list */
          ExInterlockedInsertTailList(&ProtocolListHead, &Protocol->ListEntry, &ProtocolListLock);
        }

      /*
      else if(*Status != NDIS_STATUS_PENDING)
        {
          // what to do here?
        }
       */
    }

  *Status             = NDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

它首先判断NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS的有效性，然后初始化了一个PPROTOCOL_BINDING Protocol结构，然后从Bind key获得设备链表，获得设备名，并创建了这样       *     \Registry\Machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Nic1\Parameters\Tcpip
       *的注册表键，然后调用我们传进去的BindAdapterHandler进行绑定设备。并把Protocol加如链表。从*NdisProtocolHandle = Protocol我们知道NdisProtocolHandle 指向Protocol那让我们看看这个Protocol是什么，
typedef struct _PROTOCOL_BINDING {
    LIST_ENTRY                    ListEntry;        /* Entry on global list */
    KSPIN_LOCK                    Lock;             /* Protecting spin lock */
    NDIS_PROTOCOL_CHARACTERISTICS Chars;            /* Characteristics */
    WORK_QUEUE_ITEM               WorkItem;         /* Work item */
    LIST_ENTRY                    AdapterListHead;  /* List of adapter bindings */
} PROTOCOL_BINDING, *PPROTOCOL_BINDING;
这里面有个指向adapter bindings的链表，来让我们看看adapter binding

typedef struct _ADAPTER_BINDING {
    NDIS_OPEN_BLOCK NdisOpenBlock;                            /* NDIS defined fields */

    LIST_ENTRY        ListEntry;                /* Entry on global list */
    LIST_ENTRY        ProtocolListEntry;        /* Entry on protocol binding adapter list */
    LIST_ENTRY        AdapterListEntry;         /* Entry on logical adapter list */
    KSPIN_LOCK        Lock;                     /* Protecting spin lock */
    PPROTOCOL_BINDING ProtocolBinding;          /* Protocol that opened adapter */
    PLOGICAL_ADAPTER  Adapter;                  /* Adapter opened by protocol */
} ADAPTER_BINDING, *PADAPTER_BINDING;
我们看到第一项是一个NdisOpenBlock结构，现在很多的NDIS放火墙就是通过注册协议根据返回的NdisProtocolHandle来找到NdisOpenBlock结构的，因为NdisOpenBlock结构是用来描述和该ndis protocol有联系的所有ndis miniport和该ndisprotocol绑定的状态每个绑定的send(packets)handler和receive(packet)handler都在这个ndis open block里面。

struct _NDIS_OPEN_BLOCK
{
#ifdef __cplusplus
　　NDIS_COMMON_OPEN_BLOCK NdisCommonOpenBlock;
#else
　　NDIS_COMMON_OPEN_BLOCK;
#endif

#if defined(NDIS_WRAPPER)
　　
　　//
　　// The stuff below is for CO drivers/protocols. This part is not allocated for CL drivers.
　　//
　　struct _NDIS_OPEN_CO
　　{
　　....
　　};
#endif
};

typedef struct _NDIS_COMMON_OPEN_BLOCK
{
　　PVOID　　　　　　　　　　　 MacHandle;　　　　　// needed for backward compatibility
　　NDIS_HANDLE　　　　　　　　 BindingHandle;　　　// Miniport's open context
　　PNDIS_MINIPORT_BLOCK　　　　MiniportHandle;　　 // pointer to the miniport
　　PNDIS_PROTOCOL_BLOCK　　　　ProtocolHandle;　　 // pointer to our protocol
　　NDIS_HANDLE　　　　　　　　 ProtocolBindingContext;// context when calling ProtXX funcs
　　PNDIS_OPEN_BLOCK　　　　　　MiniportNextOpen;　 // used by adapter's OpenQueue
　　PNDIS_OPEN_BLOCK　　　　　　ProtocolNextOpen;　 // used by protocol's OpenQueue
　　NDIS_HANDLE　　　　　　　　 MiniportAdapterContext; // context for miniport
　　BOOLEAN　　　　　　　　　　 Reserved1;
　　BOOLEAN　　　　　　　　　　 Reserved2;
　　BOOLEAN　　　　　　　　　　 Reserved3;
　　BOOLEAN　　　　　　　　　　 Reserved4;
　　PNDIS_STRING　　　　　　　　BindDeviceName;
　　KSPIN_LOCK　　　　　　　　　Reserved5;
　　PNDIS_STRING　　　　　　　　RootDeviceName;

　　//
　　// These are referenced by the macros used by protocols to call.
　　// All of the ones referenced by the macros are internal NDIS handlers for the miniports
　　//
　　union
　　{
　　　　SEND_HANDLER　　　　　　SendHandler;
　　　　WAN_SEND_HANDLER　　　　WanSendHandler;
　　};
　　TRANSFER_DATA_HANDLER　　　 TransferDataHandler;

　　//
　　// These are referenced internally by NDIS
　　//
　　SEND_COMPLETE_HANDLER　　　 SendCompleteHandler;
　　TRANSFER_DATA_COMPLETE_HANDLER TransferDataCompleteHandler;
　　RECEIVE_HANDLER　　　　　　 ReceiveHandler;
　　RECEIVE_COMPLETE_HANDLER　　ReceiveCompleteHandler;
　　WAN_RECEIVE_HANDLER　　　　 WanReceiveHandler;
　　REQUEST_COMPLETE_HANDLER　　RequestCompleteHandler;

　　//
　　// NDIS 4.0 extensions
　　//
　　RECEIVE_PACKET_HANDLER　　　ReceivePacketHandler;
　　SEND_PACKETS_HANDLER　　　　SendPacketsHandler;

　　//
　　// More Cached Handlers
　　//
　　RESET_HANDLER　　　　　　　 ResetHandler;
　　REQUEST_HANDLER　　　　　　 RequestHandler;
　　RESET_COMPLETE_HANDLER　　　ResetCompleteHandler;
　　STATUS_HANDLER　　　　　　　StatusHandler;
　　STATUS_COMPLETE_HANDLER　　 StatusCompleteHandler;
　　
#if defined(NDIS_WRAPPER)
　　....
#endif

} NDIS_COMMON_OPEN_BLOCK;

　　需要处理的，是ndis open block里面的SendHandler，ReceiveHandler，WanReceiveHandler，ReceivePacketHandler和SendPacketsHandler。

好了在passthru里注册好协议以后  调用NdisIMAssociateMiniport(DriverHandle, ProtHandle)就可以了，因为passthru是中间层驱动程序，下面就应该分开说miniport和PROTOCOL，象MPInitialize，还有上面我们调用了BindAdapterHandler，我们应该说我们的BindAdapterHandler例程了，还有接包发包，和注册的各种例程，但现在就到这吧，要说下去不知什么时候能说完，这仅仅是一个开始，下面复杂的东西还很多