Linux根目录磁盘空间不够用了,当修改了虚拟机模版增加磁盘大小或者插入了一块新硬盘,但是发现系统里的大小还是没改变。
产生的原因是没有给磁盘格式化,没有增加分区。
[root@node-002 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 18G 9.3G 7.1G 57% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
增加磁盘空间,例如下图使用VM虚拟机增加的方式。
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使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息。当看到第一行Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB与实际df -h显示内容不符时,说明增加磁盘成功了。
[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00092cf6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Selected partition 4 #分区序号
起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
将使用默认值 62912512
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799):
将使用默认值 314572799
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t #修改分区格式
分区号 (1-5): 4 #修改分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备 启动 起点 终点 块数 Id 系统
/dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/sda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
重启Linux操作系统,使用reboot命令。
创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sda3命令。
[root@node-002 dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@node-002 dev]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <15.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 3839
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 3839
PV UUID pHtcZN-k0Ne-POHc-CZME-P5yD-N8Vr-DGE9uh
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "84.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 84.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Jtewe4-172I-WooF-J1Yz-mGon-3pGv-AptNh0
centos
是在上面查明的VG Name
[root@node-002 dev]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@node-002 dev]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 98.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25342
Alloc PE / Size 3839 / <15.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 21503 / <84.00 GiB
VG UUID RWIfZm-m8Kg-sePL-wHRC-KDso-IRsd-cDlQYX
[root@master ~]# lvresize -L +84G /dev/centos/root
Insufficient free space: 21504 extents needed, but only 21503 available
[root@master ~]# lvresize -L +83.99G /dev/centos/root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 83.99 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 13.39 GiB (3429 extents) to <97.39 GiB (24931 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@node-002 mapper]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
如出现下列情况
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block 当尝试打开 /dev/mapper/centos-root 时 找不到有效的文件系统超级块.
请使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
[root@node-002 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=877824 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3511296, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3511296 to 25529344
[root@node-002 mapper]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 98G 11G 88G 11% /
devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.9G 8.6M 2.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot
tmpfs 581M 0 581M 0% /run/user/0
当看到/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 已经更新到新的大小时,则表示增加成功。