python 数据结构-集合set

原文地址:http://docs.pythontab.com/python/python3.4/datastructures.html#tut-tuples

集合是一个无序不重复元素的集。

基本功能包括关系测试和消除重复元素。集合对象还支持 union(联合),intersection(交),difference(差)和 sysmmetric difference(对称差集)等数学运算。

大括号或 set() 函数可以用来创建集合。

注意:想要创建空集合,你必须使用 set() 而不是 {}。后者用于创建空字典。

 

>>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}

>>> print(basket)                      # show that duplicates have been removed

{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}

>>> 'orange' in basket                 # fast membership testing

True

>>> 'crabgrass' in basket

False



>>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words

...

>>> a = set('abracadabra')

>>> b = set('alacazam')

>>> a                                  # unique letters in a

{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}

>>> a - b                              # letters in a but not in b

{'r', 'd', 'b'}

>>> a | b                              # letters in either a or b

{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}

>>> a & b                              # letters in both a and b

{'a', 'c'}

>>> a ^ b                              # letters in a or b but not both

{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}

 

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