Rabbitmq打怪升级之路（十）Routing-路由模式

：亚武de小文【原创：转载请注明出处】

路由模式（Routing）

Direct类型交换机

LengToo上学.png

RabbitMQ有以下几种工作模式：

Work queues
Publish/Subscribe
Routing
Topic
Headers
RPC

Routing

模型图

[亚武de小文]Routing模型图.png

Prouducer：生产者，是消息的发出者。
Exchanger：direct类型的交换机，此处为direct，它负责接收生产者的消息，并根据路由键分发消息到指定的队列。
Queue1、Queue2：队列。Q1队列只会接收：消息路由键为health的消息，Q2队列只会接收：消息路由键为mentality和deliciousfood的消息。
Consumer1、Consumer2：消费者，它们负责从队列中获取消息并消费。
routing-key：health，mentality，deliciousfood

路由模式：
1、每个消费者监听自己的队列，并且设置routingkey。
2、生产者将消息发给交换机，由交换机根据routingkey来转发消息到指定的队列。

参考代码

生产者

Producer.java

package com.yawu.xiaowen.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Direct交换机
 * 生产者-发件人01
 *
 * @author yawu
 * @date 2019.06.26
 */
public class Producer {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Producer.class);
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "mq_direct_exchange";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_01 = "mq_direct_queue_01";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_02 = "mq_direct_queue_02";

    /**
     * 路由键:健康
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH = "routekey_health";
    /**
     * 路由键:心态
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY = "routekey_mentality";
    /**
     * 路由键:美食
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD = "routekey_deliciousfood";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // RabbitMQ建立连接的管理器。
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            // 设置服务器地址
            factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            factory.setUsername("guest");
            factory.setPassword("guest");

            // 创建一个连接
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            // 创建一个信道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 声明一个Direct类型的交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
            // 声明两个个队列
            /**
             * 【参数详解】
             * queue：要创建的队列名
             * durable：是否持久化。如果为true，可以在RabbitMQ崩溃后恢复消息
             * exclusive：true表示一个队列只能被一个消费者占有并消费
             * autoDelete：true表示服务器不在使用这个队列是会自动删除它
             * arguments：其它参数
             */
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME_01, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME_02, true, false, false, null);
            // 开始绑定订阅
            /**
             * 【参数详解】
             * 队列一对健康感兴趣
             * 队列对心态和美食感兴趣
             * queue：要被绑定的队列名
             * exchange：队列绑定到哪个路由器上
             * routingKey：队列对这种路由键感兴趣，路由器会把这种routingKey的消息发送给队列
             */
            // 队列一绑定或订阅了交换机关于健康的消息
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_01, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH);
            // 队列二绑定或订阅了交换机关于心态和美食的消息
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_02, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_02, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD);

            // 模拟发送消息
            String message01 = "明天有健康讲座";
            String message02 = "人生就像一场戏，因为有缘才相距";
            String message03 = "海底捞火锅";

            // 向交换机发送3个消息
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH, null, message01.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY, null, message02.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD, null, message03.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            LOGGER.info("消息发送成功");

            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Consumner01.java

package com.yawu.xiaowen.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Direct交换机
 * 消费者-收件人01
 *
 * @author yawu
 * @date 2019.06.26
 */
public class Consumer01 {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Producer.class);
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "mq_direct_exchange";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_01 = "mq_direct_queue_01";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_02 = "mq_direct_queue_02";

    /**
     * 路由键:健康
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH = "routekey_health";
    /**
     * 路由键:心态
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY = "routekey_mentality";
    /**
     * 路由键:美食
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD = "routekey_deliciousfood";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {

            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 声明一个Direct类型的交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
            // 声明两个队列
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME_01, true, false, false, null);
            // 开始绑定
            // 队列一绑定或订阅了交换机关于健康的消息
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_01, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH);

            // 模拟接收消息
            Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                           AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                    final String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    LOGGER.info("队列一收到消息:{}", message);
                }
            };

            // 队列一确认收到消息
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME_01, true, consumer);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Consumer02.java

package com.yawu.xiaowen.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Direct交换机
 * 消费者-收件人02
 *
 * @author yawu
 * @date 2019.06.26
 */
public class Consumer02 {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Producer.class);
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "mq_direct_exchange";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_01 = "mq_direct_queue_01";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME_02 = "mq_direct_queue_02";

    /**
     * 路由键:健康
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_HEALTH = "routekey_health";
    /**
     * 路由键:心态
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY = "routekey_mentality";
    /**
     * 路由键:美食
     */
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD = "routekey_deliciousfood";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {

            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

            // 声明一个Direct类型的交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
            // 声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME_02, true, false, false, null);
            // 开始绑定
            // 队列二绑定或订阅了交换机关于心态和美食的消息
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_02, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_MENTALITY);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME_02, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_DELICIOUSFOOD);

            //模拟接收消息
            Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                           AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                    final String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    LOGGER.info("队列二收到消息:{}", message);
                }
            };

            //队列二确认收到消息
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME_02, true, consumer);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

测试及运行分析

1、打开RabbitMQ的管理界面，观察交换机绑定情况：

Routing交换机绑定.png

队列一绑定的Health

队列一绑定.png
队列二绑定的心态和美食

队列二绑定.png

2、启动消费者和生产者服务，可以看到消费者之接收到了自己订阅绑定的感兴趣的内容

启动服务.png

消费者启动.png

消费者一接收的队列一消息.png

消费者02接收的队列二消息.png

3、至此，Direct交换机学习完毕！

总结

Direct类型交换机：
就是根据路由键的Key进行发送。如果Key一致，路由器就把数据投递到这个队列中。
Fanout类型交换机：
直接把队列绑定到路由器。路由器在收到消息后，直接把消息投递到队列中，不需要路由键。发送到fanout exchange的所有消息会被转发到与exchange绑定的所有queue，不需要处理路由