Lambda表达式是一种在现代编程语言中越来越常见的特性,可以简化代码、提高生产力。这篇文章将介绍10个必须掌握的Lambda表达式,这些表达式涵盖了在实际编程中经常用到的常见场景,例如列表操作、函数组合、条件筛选等。通过学习这些Lambda表达式,你将更加深入地理解函数式编程的思想,能够更加高效地编写代码。
1. 使用Lambda表达式进行集合遍历
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); for (String fruit : list) { System.out.println(fruit); }
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); list.forEach(fruit -> System.out.println(fruit));
2. 使用Lambda表达式进行排序
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() { public int compare(String s1, String s2) { return s1.compareTo(s2); } });
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); Collections.sort(list, (s1, s2) -> s1.compareTo(s2));
3. 使用Lambda表达式进行过滤
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List filteredList = new ArrayList(); for (String fruit : list) { if (fruit.startsWith("a")) { filteredList.add(fruit); } }
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List filteredList = list.stream().filter(fruit -> fruit.startsWith("a")).collect(Collectors.toList());
4. 使用Lambda表达式进行映射
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List lengths = new ArrayList(); for (String fruit : list) { lengths.add(fruit.length()); }
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List lengths = list.stream().map(fruit -> fruit.length()) .collect(Collectors.toList());
5. 使用Lambda表达式进行归约
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); int sum = 0; for (int i : list) { sum += i; }
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); int sum = list.stream().reduce(0, (a, b) -> a + b);
6. 使用Lambda表达式进行分组
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); Map> grouped = new HashMap>(); for (String fruit : list) { int length = fruit.length(); if (!grouped.containsKey(length)) { grouped.put(length, new ArrayList()); } grouped.get(length).add(fruit); }
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); Map> grouped = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(fruit -> fruit.length()));
7. 使用Lambda表达式进行函数式接口的实现
未使用Lambda表达式:
public interface MyInterface { public void doSomething(String input); } MyInterface myObject = new MyInterface() { public void doSomething(String input) { System.out.println(input); } }; myObject.doSomething("Hello World");
使用Lambda表达式:
MyInterface myObject = input -> System.out.println(input); myObject.doSomething("Hello World");
8. 使用Lambda表达式进行线程的创建
未使用Lambda表达式:
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread is running."); } }); thread.start();
使用Lambda表达式:
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Thread is running.")); thread.start();
9. 使用Lambda表达式进行Optional的操作
未使用Lambda表达式:
String str = "Hello World"; if (str != null) { System.out.println(str.toUpperCase()); }
使用Lambda表达式:
Optional str = Optional.ofNullable("Hello World"); str.map(String::toUpperCase).ifPresent(System.out::println);
10. 使用Lambda表达式进行Stream的流水线操作
未使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List filteredList = new ArrayList(); for (String fruit : list) { if (fruit.startsWith("a")) { filteredList.add(fruit.toUpperCase()); } } Collections.sort(filteredList);
使用Lambda表达式:
List list = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", "orange"); List filteredList = list.stream().filter(fruit -> fruit.startsWith("a")).map(String::toUpperCase).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList());