Quarkus初探
开场白
我们知道StringBoot的在开发商的地位，一直到现在的5.0，很多微服务的搭建还是大量基于它开发的，时代的变迁，也有历史的原因导致了
SpringBoot在启动速度上一直是个问题，尽管有很多优化启动的方案。上次对bootique做了基本的了解，短时间内也不会撼动SpringBoot
的地位。但是不得不提的是近期IBM换帅，5天前Quarkus1.3.2的发布，不得不对这个云世界中占据小片江山的框架做下介绍。
准备
JDK8或者JDK11更高
Apache Maven 3.6.2以上。（我这里用了brew安装，替换了我之前source安装方式）
zzw:blog zzw$ mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)
Maven home: /usr/local/Cellar/maven/3.6.3_1/libexec
Java version: 13.0.2, vendor: N/A, runtime: /usr/local/Cellar/openjdk/13.0.2+8_2/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home
Default locale: zh_CN_#Hans, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.13.6", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"
zzw:blog zzw$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
示例
你可以按照Bootstrapping项目j进行操作，然后逐步创建应用。
也可以下载示例项目，示例项目位于getting-started
git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git
首次创建项目
忽略下载项，创建一个项目耗时7s，我的MBP是2011年的♂️
zzw:temp zzw$ time mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:1.3.2.Final:create -DprojectGroupId=com.wonderingwall -DprojectArtifactId=first-demo -DclassName="com.wonderingwall.quarkus.FirstResource" -Dpath="/hello"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:1.3.2.Final:create (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
Creating a new project in /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo
[INFO]
[INFO] Maven Wrapper version 0.5.6 has been successfully set up for your project.
[INFO] Using Apache Maven: 3.6.3
[INFO] Repo URL in properties file: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] ========================================================================================
[INFO] Your new application has been created in /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo
[INFO] Navigate into this directory and launch your application with mvn quarkus:dev
[INFO] Your application will be accessible on http://localhost:8080
[INFO] ========================================================================================
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.578 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-04-16T12:18:54+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
real 0m7.519s
user 0m13.601s
sys 0m1.086s
这样就创建了一个getting-started的项目。包含了以下内容：
- Maven的项目结构。
- 类
com.wonderingwall.quarkus.GreetingResource指向了路径/hello - 包含了相关的单元测试。
-
http://localhost:8080是启动应用程序后可访问的登录页面。 -
native和jvm两种模式的Dockerfile文件在src/main/docker下。 - 应用的配置文件。
包含了最简单的Rest请求接口。
zzw:temp zzw$ cat getting-started/src/main/java/com/wonderingwall/quarkus/FirstResource.java
package com.wonderingwall.quarkus;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
@Path("/hello")
public class FirstResource {
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String hello() {
return "hello";
}
}
与vanilla JAX-RS的区别:
使用Quarkus，不需要创建Application类。它支持，但不是必需的。此外，只创建资源的一个实例，而不是每个请求创建一个实例。
您可以使用不同的作用域注释（ApplicationScoped、RequestScoped等）对此进行配置。
启动应用
使用命令mvnw compile quarkus:dev运行。
zzw:first-demo zzw$ mvnw compile quarkus:dev
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] --------------------< com.wonderingwall:first-demo >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-demo 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.870 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-04-16T12:19:16+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) on project first-demo: Fatal error compiling: 无效的目标发行版: 11 -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException
编译失败，错误的发行版。原因我用的JDK8，没有11。修改pom.xml文件：
11 8
12 8
继续执行mvnw compile quarkus:dev。
zzw:first-demo zzw$ mvnw compile quarkus:dev
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] --------------------< com.wonderingwall:first-demo >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-demo 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:1.3.2.Final:dev (default-cli) @ first-demo ---
Listening for transport dt_socket at address: 5005
__ ____ __ _____ ___ __ ____ ______
--/ __ \/ / / / _ | / _ \/ //_/ / / / __/
-/ /_/ / /_/ / __ |/ , _/ ,< / /_/ /\ \
--\___\_\____/_/ |_/_/|_/_/|_|\____/___/
2020-04-16 12:23:15,986 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) first-demo 1.0-SNAPSHOT (powered by Quarkus 1.3.2.Final) started in 5.584s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080
2020-04-16 12:23:16,002 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Profile dev activated. Live Coding activated.
2020-04-16 12:23:16,002 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy]
访问http://localhost:8080，显示如下：
quarkus_first_attempt.png
查看下接口调用情形：
zzw:getting-started zzw$ http localhost:8080/hello
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 5
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
hello
依赖注入
Quarkus中的依赖注入基于ArC，它是为Quarkus架构量身定制的基于CDI的依赖注入解决方案。
添加Bean文件。
1 package com.wonderingwall.quarkus;
2
3 import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
4
5 @ApplicationScoped
6 public class FirstService {
7
8 public String getSay(String name) {
9 return "hello " + name;
10 }
11 }
添加访问路径，注入Bean。
1 package com.wonderingwall.quarkus;
2
3 import javax.inject.Inject;
4 import javax.ws.rs.GET;
5 import javax.ws.rs.Path;
6 import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
7 import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
8
9 import org.jboss.resteasy.annotations.jaxrs.PathParam;
10
11 @Path("/hello")
12 public class FirstResource {
13
14 @Inject
15 FirstService service;
16
17 @GET
18 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
19 @Path("/{name}")
20 public String sayHello(@PathParam String name) {
21 return service.getSay(name);
22 }
23
24 @GET
25 @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
26 public String hello() {
27 return "hello";
28 }
29 }
执行mvnw compile quarkus:dev。运行完访问接口。
zzw:getting-started zzw$ http localhost:8080/hello/david
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
hello david
打包
使用命令mvnw package打包，完成后会创建一个target目录并会包含2个文件。
-
first-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar仅包含项目的类和资源，这是Maven构建产生的常规Jar； -
first-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT-runner.jar一个可执行文件，但是它不是一个fatjar，因为所有依赖包都被复制到了target/lib下。
zzw:first-demo zzw$ mvnw package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] --------------------< com.wonderingwall:first-demo >--------------------
[INFO] Building first-demo 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ first-demo ---
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.wonderingwall.quarkus.FirstResourceTest
2020-04-16 14:13:09,534 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Quarkus 1.3.2.Final started in 4.719s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8081
2020-04-16 14:13:09,537 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Profile test activated.
2020-04-16 14:13:09,538 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 12.894 s - in com.wonderingwall.quarkus.FirstResourceTest
2020-04-16 14:13:14,239 INFO [io.quarkus] (main) Quarkus stopped in 0.229s
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/first-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- quarkus-maven-plugin:1.3.2.Final:build (default) @ first-demo ---
[INFO] [org.jboss.threads] JBoss Threads version 3.0.1.Final
[INFO] [io.quarkus.deployment.pkg.steps.JarResultBuildStep] Building thin jar: /Users/zzw/Develop/workspace/github/temp/first-demo/target/first-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT-runner.jar
[INFO] [io.quarkus.deployment.QuarkusAugmentor] Quarkus augmentation completed in 3327ms
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 27.197 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-04-16T14:13:21+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
总结
开发流程和习惯都没有什么改变，SpringBoot无缝上手，毕竟IBM也做的很成熟了。速度上要优于Spring，后续看Native下GraalVM结合应该很完美，将来
趋势应该很明显。缺点么就是毕竟是IBM的，很多关联的都是IBM开发的，jboss之类依赖还是很多的，感觉会很重，不过这点好像也不是现在这个开发环境会
考虑的问题。作为Java的开发者，我推荐它，正因为那份执着。
参考
QUARKUS - CREATING YOUR FIRST APPLICATION