正文
and sanctions have caused commodities chaos
战争和制裁导致了大宗商品混乱
Russia's actions in Ukraine are unleashing the biggest commodity shock since 1973, and one of the worst disruptions to wheat supplies since the first world war. Although commodity exchanges are already in chaos, ordinary folk have yet to feel the full effects of rising petrol bills, empty stomachs and political instability.
俄罗斯在乌克兰的行动引发了自 1973 年以来最大的大宗商品危机,也造成了自一战以来,小麦供应中断最严重的情况之一。尽管大宗商品交易所已经陷入混乱,但普通老百姓尚未完全感受到不断上涨的油费、饥荒和政局不稳的影响。
But make no mistake, those things are coming if sanctions on Russia tighten further, and if Vladimir Putin retaliates. Western governments need to respond to the commodity threat determinedly.
但毫无疑问,如果对俄罗斯的制裁进一步加强,如果弗拉基米尔·普京进行反击,这些事情就会发生。西方政府需要坚定地应对潜在的大宗商品危机。
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The turmoil unfolding in energy, metals and food markets is broad and savage. Overall indices of commodity prices are now 26% higher than at the start of 2022. European gas prices have almost trebled amid panic that pipelines from the east will be blown up or starved of supply.***
能源、金属和食品市场正在发生的动荡是广泛而影响巨大的。目前,大宗商品价格的综合指数比 2022 年初高出 26%。由于人们担心东部的天然气管道将被炸毁,或者天然气供应会出现短缺,欧洲的天然气价格几乎上涨了两倍。
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It could get worse. On March 8th, America announced that it would ban purchases of Russian oil. The United States is a small consumer of Russian crude, but if the European Union were to join the embargo, about two-thirds of the 7m-8m barrels a day of exports of Russian crude and refined products would be affected, equivalent to about 5% of global supply. A full global embargo could send the oil price towards $200 a barrel.
情况可能会变得更糟。3 月 8 日,美国宣布将禁止购买俄罗斯石油。美国并不是俄罗斯原油的消费大国,但如果欧盟加入禁运,俄罗斯每天 700 万至 800 万桶原油和成品油出口中的三分之二将受到影响,相当于全球供应量的 5%。全球范围的全面禁运可能推高油价至每桶 200 美元。
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If Russia were to retaliate by limiting gas flows, Europe would reel: last year the EU relied on Russia for 40% of its consumption. Meanwhile, bitter experience teaches that countries often respond to food shortages by banning exports, leading to a tit-for-tat breakdown in global trade.
如果俄罗斯通过限制天然气运输来进行反击,欧洲将难以招架:去年,欧盟 40% 的天然气消费依赖于俄罗斯。与此同时,过往的惨痛教训告诉我们,各国为了应对食物短缺问题,往往会禁止出口,从而导致全球贸易因互相报复而崩溃。
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主编:桃子、阿翀
品控:桃子
审核:Jack
重点词汇
sanction
/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/
n. 制裁
例句:The Biden administration imposed sanctions against Russia.
commodity
/kəˈmɑː.də.t̬i/
n.(大宗)商品,货物
文化补充:大宗商品(commodity)指那些同质化、可交易、被广泛作为工农业基础原材料的商品,比如原油、有色金属、钢铁、农产品等等。
例句:Crude oil is the world's most important commodity.
unleash
/ʌnˈliːʃ/
v. 使爆发;解开牵引绳;发泄(情感等)
词根词缀:un-(表示否定)
相关词汇:leash(n. 牵引绳)
搭配短语:to put a leash on a dog
搭配短语:to unleash the dog(放开狗狗)
搭配短语:to unleash one's temper(发脾气)
例句:The EU is willing to unleash severe economic sanctions against Russia.
shock
/ʃɑːk/
n. 冲击,震荡(尤用于新闻报道);惊愕,震惊
搭配短语:the oil shocks of the 1970s
make no mistake
毫无疑问,完全可以肯定
例句:Make no mistake, this decision is going to cause you a lot of problems.
retaliate
/rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/
v. 报复,反击
搭配短语:to retaliate against an attack
determinedly
/dɪˈtɝː.mɪnd.li/
adv. 坚决地,断然地
词根词缀:-ly(副词词缀)
相关词汇:determined(adj. 下定决心的,坚决的)
例句:She is a very determined woman.
搭配短语:to be determined to do sth.
turmoil
/ˈtɝː.mɔɪl/
n. 混乱,骚乱,动乱
英文释义:a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder
搭配短语:in turmoil
例句:The country is in turmoil.
unfold
/ʌnˈfoʊld/
v.(一系列的事件)发生,(事情)发展;打开,展开
词根词缀:un-(表示否定)
相关词汇:fold(v. 折叠)
例句:A Ukrainian scientist in Antarctica watches the war unfold from afar.
savage
/ˈsæv.ɪdʒ/
adj. 巨大的,严重的;极度的;野蛮的
文化补充:流行天后 Rihanna 推出的内衣品牌,就有一个“野性十足的”名字,Savage X Fenty,为的是展现女性的力量和勇气。
搭配短语:savage cold(严寒)
搭配短语:savage heat(酷热)
amid
/əˈmɪd/
prep. 在…气氛中,在…背景下
词义辨析:amid, among
amid 和 among 都可以表示“在某样东西之间”(in the middle of sth.)。这两个词常常可以互换,比如说树丛之中的房子,既可以说 a house amid the trees,也可以说 a house among the trees。
但是呢,两个词还存在一些使用语境上的差别。amid 在新闻报道里常常指“在某个背景下,某种气氛之中”,而 among 则没有这种用法,比如说在全球不安定的背景下,这时候只能说 amid global unrest。
blow up
使炸毁,使爆炸;(事情)失败
近义词:explode
例句:The bomb blew up.
搭配短语:to blow up the plan(把计划搞砸了)
搭配短语:to blow up the gas pipelines(炸毁了天然气管道)
starve
/stɑːrv/
v.(使)缺乏;挨饿
搭配短语:be starved of sth.(缺乏某样东西)
搭配短语:children who have been starved of affection(缺乏关爱的儿童)
搭配短语:people who are starved of sleep(睡眠严重不足的人)
embargo
/ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/
n. 禁令,禁运
词义辨析:embargo, sanction
embargo 和 sanction,都可以指贸易上的一些限制。区别在于:“经济制裁”(economic sanction)可能包括很多种形式,比如在贸易上的壁垒,关税,以及交易上的限制;Economic sanctions may include various forms of trade barriers, tariffs, and restrictions on financial transactions.
而“贸易禁令”(embargo)虽然是类似的概念,但是更加严苛,往往意味着两国交易全面暂停。An embargo is similar, but usually implies a more severe sanction and represents a complete prohibition of all trade activities between countries.
(be) equivalent to
相当于,等于
例句:$30 is equivalent to about ¥190.
reel
/rɪəl/
v. 感到震惊,感到心烦,不知所措;趔趄
例句:I was reeling from the pandemic.
tit-for-tat
/ˌtɪt fɚ ˈtæt/
adj. 以牙还牙的,针锋相对的
相关短语:tit for tat(以牙还牙)
近义短语:an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
搭配短语:a tit-for-tat response(针锋相对的回应)