SQL——条件判断语句

目录

if

case when

nvl

coalesce


  • 条件判断语句 用于为查询字段的值添加判断条件,区别于when!
  • 常用于动态分区!
  • if

select

    if(condition,true_value,false_value)

from tb

例:对男女人数分别进行计算,

计算男的人数时,将性别男标记为数字1,女为数字0

计算女的人数时,将性别女标记为数字1,男为数字0

最终将数字累加

select dept_id,

  sum(if(sex='男',1,0)) [as] malenum,

  sum(if(sex='女',1,0)) [as] femalenum

from emp_sex group by dept_id;

-------------------------------------------

        统计每个部门男女各多少人

        用group by:

        select dept_id,sex,count(*)

        from emp_sex group by dept_id,sex;

  • case when

        统计每个部门男女各多少人

select dept_id,

  sum(case when sex='男' then 1 else 0 end) [as] malenum,

  sum(case when sex='女' then 1 else 0 end)  [as] femalenum

from emp_sex group by dept_id;

select *,

    case

        when score >=80 then '优秀'

        when score >=60 and score <80 then '及格'

        when score >40 and score <60 then '不及格'

        else '渣'

        (when score <=40 then '渣')

    end [as] score_level

from stu_score ;

  • nvl

nvl(v1,v2) ,如果v1不为空,取v1,如果为空,取v2

 

注Ⅰ:

select nvl(a.id,b.id) from a full join b on a.id=b.id ;

<=等价=>

select nvl(b.id,a.id) from a full join b on a.id=b.id ;

 

注Ⅱ:

select nvl(a.name,b.name) from a full join b on a.id=b.id ;

<=不等价=>

select nvl(b.name,a.name) from a full join b on a.id=b.id ;

  • coalesce

coalesce(v1,v2,v3,v4...) 返回第一个非null的值

举例:

coalesce(100,null,200,null,120)  --> 100

coalesce(null,200,null,120)  --> 200

常用:coalesce(字段)

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