先总结一下这篇博客的核心:
首先我定义了三个初始的矩阵G, B, A,希望当m=4时,能打印"Larger transform matrices",并且更新三个矩阵的值(包括大小)。
int m = 4;
mat G = { {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
{0.5, -0.5, 0.5},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
mat B = { {1, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 1, -1, 1},
{-1, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 0, -1} };
mat A = { {1, 0},
{1, 1},
{1, -1},
{0, -1}};
if (m == 4) {
cout << "Larger transform matrices" << endl;
mat G = { {1.0/4, 0.0, 0.0},
{-1.0/6, -1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{-1.0/6, 1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{1.0/24, 1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{1.0/24, -1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
mat B = { {4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{0.0, -4.0, 4.0, -2.0, 2.0, 4.0},
{-5.0, -4.0, -4.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -5.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
mat A = { {1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0},
{1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0},
{1.0, -2.0, 4.0, -8.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
}
编译没有出错,运行时,"Larger transform matrices"虽成功打印,但是出现报错:
于是,继续调试…发现是其中一步矩阵G的大小仍然是最初定义的4x4矩阵,而并没有赋值为m=4时的6x3矩阵,因此导致溢出报错。
问题在于if分支中,重复定义了mat A, B, G三个矩阵,需要删除掉它们前面的mat,直接赋值即可。
int m = 4;
mat G = { {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
{0.5, -0.5, 0.5},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
mat B = { {1, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 1, -1, 1},
{-1, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 0, -1} };
mat A = { {1, 0},
{1, 1},
{1, -1},
{0, -1}};
if (m == 4) {
cout << "Larger transform matrices" << endl;
G = { {1.0/4, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{-1.0/6, -1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{-1.0/6, 1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{1.0/24, 1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{1.0/24, -1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
B = { {4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{0.0, -4.0, 4.0, -2.0, 2.0, 4.0},
{-5.0, -4.0, -4.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -5.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
A = { {1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0},
{1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0},
{1.0, -2.0, 4.0, -8.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
}
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int m = 2;
int a = 100;
if (m == 2) {
int a = 200; // 这里重复定义了int a,应该直接写成 a = 200 就正确了
}
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
}
这样写编译没问题,但是输出结果错误:
100
说明C++不允许重复定义同一变量,否则是保留初次定义的变量值。
这里的m要么取2要么取4,所以会出现两条分支。于是,我用了如下的写法:
int m = 2;
if (m == 2) { // 分支1
mat G = { {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
{0.5, -0.5, 0.5},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
mat B = { {1, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 1, -1, 1},
{-1, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 0, -1} };
mat A = { {1, 0},
{1, 1},
{1, -1},
{0, -1}};
}
if (m == 4) { // 分支2
cout << "Larger transform matrices" << endl;
mat G = { {1.0/4, 0.0, 0.0},
{-1.0/6, -1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{-1.0/6, 1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{1.0/24, 1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{1.0/24, -1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
mat B = { {4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{0.0, -4.0, 4.0, -2.0, 2.0, 4.0},
{-5.0, -4.0, -4.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -5.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
mat A = { {1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0},
{1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0},
{1.0, -2.0, 4.0, -8.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
}
在进所有的if分支之前,定义好变量名。而在分支里,就不需要再定义变量了,直接赋值即可:
int m = 2;
mat G, B, A; // 进所有if分支之前定义好变量
if (m == 2) {
G = { {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
{0.5, -0.5, 0.5},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
B = { {1, 0, 0, 0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{0, 1, -1, 1},
{-1, 1, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 0, -1} };
A = { {1, 0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{1, 1},
{1, -1},
{0, -1}};
}
if (m == 4) {
cout << "Larger transform matrices" << endl;
G = { {1.0/4, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{-1.0/6, -1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{-1.0/6, 1.0/6, -1.0/6},
{1.0/24, 1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{1.0/24, -1.0/12, 1.0/6},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
B = { {4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{0.0, -4.0, 4.0, -2.0, 2.0, 4.0},
{-5.0, -4.0, -4.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -5.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
A = { {1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, // 删掉了前面的mat,直接赋值
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0},
{1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0},
{1.0, -2.0, 4.0, -8.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}};
}
于是,成功编译且成功运行。
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int m = 2;
if (m == 1) {
int a = 100;
}
if (m == 2) {
int a = 200;
}
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
}
应该改成(在判断语句之前定义好变量名):
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int m = 2;
int a;
if (m == 1) {
a = 100;
}
if (m == 2) {
a = 200;
}
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
}
于是,编译通过且结果正确。
此时,再思考一个问题,如果我们在这个代码基础上,在判断分支内重复定义a,即写成int a = xxx的形式,是不是会出现前面说的重复定义报错?
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int m = 2;
int a;
if (m == 1) {
int a = 100;
}
if (m == 2) {
int a = 200;
}
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
}
输出错误结果为:
0
果然,再次印证了前面的结论:C++不允许重复定义同一变量,否则保留初次定义的值,也就是这个例子中a的默认值0。