如果你正在准备Vue3的面试,这些练习题将会对你很有帮助。以下是30道Vue3面试题,包含答案和代码示例,希望能够帮助你更好地准备面试。
Vue3相对于Vue2有以下改进:
在Vue3中,可以使用defineComponent
函数来定义组件,示例代码如下:
import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
export default defineComponent({
name: 'MyComponent',
setup() {
// 组件逻辑代码
}
})
在Vue3中,可以使用provide
和inject
来实现父子组件通信。示例代码如下:
// 父组件
import { provide } from 'vue'
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent.vue'
export default {
setup() {
provide('message', 'Hello from parent!')
},
components: {
ChildComponent
}
}
// 子组件
import { inject } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const message = inject('message')
console.log(message)
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用defineAsyncComponent
来实现组件的动态注册。示例代码如下:
import { defineAsyncComponent } from 'vue'
const MyComponent = defineAsyncComponent(() => import('./MyComponent.vue'))
export default {
components: {
MyComponent
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用setup
函数来使用Composition API。示例代码如下:
import { ref } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const count = ref(0)
function increment() {
count.value++
}
return {
count,
increment
}
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用Teleport组件来实现Portal功能。示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<button @click="showModal = true">Show Modal</button>
<teleport to="body">
<modal v-if="showModal" @close="showModal = false">
Modal Content
</modal>
</teleport>
</div>
</template>
在Vue3中,可以使用Suspense组件来实现异步组件加载时的loading效果。示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<h1>{{ title }}</h1>
<suspense>
<template #default>
<AsyncComponent />
</template>
<template #fallback>
<div>Loading...</div>
</template>
</suspense>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent, defineAsyncComponent } from 'vue'
const AsyncComponent = defineAsyncComponent(() => import('./AsyncComponent.vue'))
export default defineComponent({
name: 'MyComponent',
setup() {
const title = 'Hello, Vue3!'
return {
title
}
},
components: {
AsyncComponent
}
})
</script>
在Vue3中,可以使用provide
和inject
来实现全局状态管理。示例代码如下:
// state.js
import { reactive, readonly, provide } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
count: 0
})
const increment = () => {
state.count++
}
const reset = () => {
state.count = 0
}
provide('state', {
state: readonly(state),
increment,
reset
})
// App.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>{{ state.count }}</h1>
<button @click="increment">Increment</button>
<button @click="reset">Reset</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { inject } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const { state, increment, reset } = inject('state')
return {
state,
increment,
reset
}
}
}
</script>
在Vue3中,可以使用mixin
函数来定义mixin。示例代码如下:
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
message: 'Hello from mixin!'
}
},
created() {
console.log('Mixin created!')
}
}
export default {
mixins: [myMixin],
created() {
console.log('Component created!')
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用createApp
函数的use
方法来安装插件。示例代码如下:
// plugin.js
const MyPlugin = {
install(app) {
app.config.globalProperties.$myMethod = () => console.log('Hello from plugin!')
}
}
// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import MyPlugin from './plugin.js'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(MyPlugin)
app.mount('#app')
在Vue3中,可以使用directive
函数来定义自定义指令。示例代码如下:
const myDirective = {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.color = binding.value
}
}
export default {
directives: {
myDirective
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用watch
函数来监听路由变化。示例代码如下:
import { watch } from 'vue'
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
export default {
setup() {
const route = useRoute()
watch(() => route.path, (path) => {
console.log(`Route changed to: ${path}`)
})
}
}
在Vue3中,可以使用beforeRouteEnter
、beforeRouteUpdate
和beforeRouteLeave
钩子函数来实现路由守卫。示例代码如下:
import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
export default defineComponent({
beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next) {
console.log('beforeRouteEnter')
next()
},
beforeRouteUpdate(to, from, next) {
console.log('beforeRouteUpdate')
next()
},
beforeRouteLeave(to, from, next) {
console.log('beforeRouteLeave')
next()
}
})
在Vue3中,可以使用
组件和
组件来实现过渡效果。示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<button @click="show = !show">{{ show ? 'Hide' : 'Show' }}</button>
<transition name="fade">
<p v-if="show">Hello, Vue3!</p>
</transition>
</div>
</template>
<style>
.fade-enter-active, .fade-leave-active {
transition: opacity 0.5s;
}
.fade-enter, .fade-leave-to {
opacity: 0;
}
</style>
在Vue3中,可以使用
组件和
组件来实现动画效果。示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<button @click="add">Add Item</button>
<transition-group name="list" tag="ul">
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">{{ item.text }}</li>
</transition-group>
</div>
</template>
<style>
.list-enter-active, .list-leave-active {
transition: all 0.5s;
}
.list-enter, .list-leave-to {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(30px);
}
</style>
<script>
import { ref } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const items = ref([
{ id: 1, text: 'Item 1' },
{ id: 2, text: 'Item 2' },
{ id: 3, text: 'Item 3' }
])
const add = () => {
const id = items.value.length + 1
items.value.push({ id, text: `Item ${id}` })
}
return {
items,
add
}
}
}
</script>
在Vue3中,可以使用createRouter
函数来定义路由。示例代码如下:
// router.js
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Home from './views/Home.vue'
import About from './views/About.vue'
const routes = [
{ path: '/', component: Home },
{ path: '/about', component: About }
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router.js'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
在Vue3中,可以使用createStore
函数来定义Vuex store。示例代码如下:
// store.js
import { createStore } from 'vuex'
const store = createStore({
state() {
return {
count: 0
}
},
mutations: {
increment(state) {
state.count++
}
},
actions: {
asyncIncrement(context) {
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('increment')
}, 1000)
}
}
})
export default store
// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store.js'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(store)
app.mount('#app')
在Vue3中,可以使用来引用模板,示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<button @click="showModal = true">Show Modal</button>
<modal v-if="showModal" @close="showModal = false">
<template #ref="modalRef">
Modal Content
</template>
<button @click="logRef">Log Ref</button>
</modal>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { ref } from 'vue'
export default {
setup() {
const showModal = ref(false)
const modalRef = ref(null)
const logRef = () => {
console.log(modalRef.value.innerHTML)
}
return {
showModal,
modalRef,
logRef
}
}
}
</script>
在Vue3中,可以使用createRenderer
函数来定义自定义渲染器。示例代码如下:
import { createRenderer } from 'vue'
const renderer = createRenderer({
createApp(rootComponent, rootProps) {
const app = {
mount(container) {
container.innerHTML = ''
const root = app._createVNode(rootComponent, rootProps)
app._mount(root, container)
},
_createVNode(component, props) {
return {
type: component,
props: props,
children: null,
el: null
}
},
_mount(vnode, container) {
vnode.el = document.createElement(vnode.type)
Object.entries(vnode.props || {}).forEach(([key, value]) => {
vnode.el.setAttribute(key, value)
})
if (Array.isArray(vnode.children)) {
vnode.children.forEach((child) => {
app._mount(child, vnode.el)
})
} else {
vnode.el.textContent = vnode.children
}
container.appendChild(vnode.el)
}
}
return app
}
})
const app = renderer.createApp({
render() {
return ['Hello, ', this.props.name, '!']
},
props: ['name']
}, { name: 'Vue3' })
app.mount('#app')
在Vue3中,可以使用
标签来实现动态组件。示例代码如下:
<template>
<div>
<button @click="component = 'ComponentA'">Show