esp32之解析json

文章目录

  • 前言
  • 一、json的作用
  • 二、json结构
  • 三、esp32 json解析
    • 安装库
    • 解析
      • StaticJsonDocument
      • DynamicJsonDocument
  • 四、解析今天的北京天气
  • 总结


前言

在现代Web开发中,JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)已成为常用的数据传输格式。ESP32是一款功能强大的微控制器,支持通过WiFi和Bluetooth进行网络连接,因此在ESP32应用中使用JSON非常有用。本文将介绍json是什么,ESP32 Arduino中解析json


一、json的作用

我们首先打开下面的链接:北京天气
我们打开后会是下面这些东西:

{"message":"success感谢又拍云(upyun.com)提供CDN赞助","status":200,"date":"20230513","time":"2023-05-13 17:07:21","cityInfo":{"city":"北京市","citykey":"101010100","parent":"北京","updateTime":"14:46"},"data":{"shidu":"24%","pm25":8.0,"pm10":18.0,"quality":"优","wendu":"26","ganmao":"各类人群可自由活动","forecast":[{"date":"13","high":"高温 28℃","low":"低温 11℃","ymd":"2023-05-13","week":"星期六","sunrise":"05:01","sunset":"19:20","aqi":70,"fx":"西风","fl":"2级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"14","high":"高温 31℃","low":"低温 17℃","ymd":"2023-05-14","week":"星期日","sunrise":"05:00","sunset":"19:21","aqi":69,"fx":"东南风","fl":"2级","type":"多云","notice":"阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"},{"date":"15","high":"高温 34℃","low":"低温 23℃","ymd":"2023-05-15","week":"星期一","sunrise":"04:59","sunset":"19:22","aqi":74,"fx":"南风","fl":"3级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"16","high":"高温 33℃","low":"低温 19℃","ymd":"2023-05-16","week":"星期二","sunrise":"04:58","sunset":"19:23","aqi":84,"fx":"南风","fl":"2级","type":"小雨","notice":"雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"},{"date":"17","high":"高温 28℃","low":"低温 15℃","ymd":"2023-05-17","week":"星期三","sunrise":"04:57","sunset":"19:24","aqi":77,"fx":"东风","fl":"2级","type":"小雨","notice":"雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"},{"date":"18","high":"高温 27℃","low":"低温 15℃","ymd":"2023-05-18","week":"星期四","sunrise":"04:56","sunset":"19:24","aqi":61,"fx":"东南风","fl":"2级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"19","high":"高温 26℃","low":"低温 14℃","ymd":"2023-05-19","week":"星期五","sunrise":"04:55","sunset":"19:25","aqi":69,"fx":"东南风","fl":"2级","type":"小雨","notice":"雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"},{"date":"20","high":"高温 27℃","low":"低温 15℃","ymd":"2023-05-20","week":"星期六","sunrise":"04:55","sunset":"19:26","aqi":77,"fx":"西北风","fl":"3级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"21","high":"高温 27℃","low":"低温 16℃","ymd":"2023-05-21","week":"星期日","sunrise":"04:54","sunset":"19:27","aqi":79,"fx":"西北风","fl":"3级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"22","high":"高温 31℃","low":"低温 17℃","ymd":"2023-05-22","week":"星期一","sunrise":"04:53","sunset":"19:28","aqi":87,"fx":"西北风","fl":"3级","type":"晴","notice":"愿你拥有比阳光明媚的心情"},{"date":"23","high":"高温 28℃","low":"低温 17℃","ymd":"2023-05-23","week":"星期二","sunrise":"04:52","sunset":"19:29","aqi":56,"fx":"西北风","fl":"3级","type":"多云","notice":"阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"},{"date":"24","high":"高温 32℃","low":"低温 19℃","ymd":"2023-05-24","week":"星期三","sunrise":"04:52","sunset":"19:30","aqi":48,"fx":"东风","fl":"2级","type":"多云","notice":"阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"},{"date":"25","high":"高温 32℃","low":"低温 18℃","ymd":"2023-05-25","week":"星期四","sunrise":"04:51","sunset":"19:31","aqi":47,"fx":"东南风","fl":"2级","type":"阴","notice":"不要被阴云遮挡住好心情"},{"date":"26","high":"高温 29℃","low":"低温 17℃","ymd":"2023-05-26","week":"星期五","sunrise":"04:50","sunset":"19:31","aqi":79,"fx":"东风","fl":"2级","type":"多云","notice":"阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"},{"date":"27","high":"高温 28℃","low":"低温 16℃","ymd":"2023-05-27","week":"星期六","sunrise":"04:50","sunset":"19:32","aqi":60,"fx":"西北风","fl":"2级","type":"小雨","notice":"雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"}],"yesterday":{"date":"12","high":"高温 26℃","low":"低温 13℃","ymd":"2023-05-12","week":"星期五","sunrise":"05:02","sunset":"19:19","aqi":40,"fx":"东风","fl":"2级","type":"小雨","notice":"雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"}}}

这些就是json,当我们学习完json以后,我们就可以去请求这个链接获取json,然后解析获取天气啦。

二、json结构

把上面这些复制到json解析网站,我们会得到下面的东西:
esp32之解析json_第1张图片
大家也可以自己去解析你们现在的北京天气情况。

示例json

{
   "name": "John Doe",
   "age": 30,   
   "address": {
      "street": "123 Main St",
      "city": "Anytown",
      "state": "CA",
      "zip": "12345"
   },
   "phone_numbers": [
      "555-555-1234",
      "555-555-5678"
   ]
}

它由键值对组成,用于表示对象和数组
该JSON结构表示一个名为"John Doe"的人的一些信息。该结构包含以下键值对:

“name”:表示人的姓名,值为字符串"John Doe"。
“age”:表示人的年龄,值为整数30。
“address”:表示人的地址信息,值为一个嵌套的JSON对象,其中包含了该人的街道地址、城市、州和邮政编码。
“phone_numbers”:表示人的电话号码,值为一个JSON数组,其中包含了多个电话号码。

json是不是很简单?

三、esp32 json解析

安装库

要在ESP32 Arduino中使用JSON,需要使用ArduinoJson库。您可以按照以下步骤在ESP32 Arduino环境中使用ArduinoJson库:

1、打开Arduino IDE,并选择您的ESP32开发板。
2、在菜单栏中选择**“Sketch” > “Include Library” > “Manage Libraries”。**
3、在搜索框中输入“ArduinoJson”,然后找到并安装**“ArduinoJson”库。
4、在您的ESP32 Arduino项目中包含
“ArduinoJson.h”**库头文件。

esp32之解析json_第2张图片
esp32之解析json_第3张图片
esp32之解析json_第4张图片
因为我这里已经安装了,大家选择最新版安装即可食用

解析

我们要在arduino中解析json,首先需要创建一个文档文档的意义在于把从最外层除第一个大括号开始解析,后面我们取数据直接使用**[]**就可以了.

StaticJsonDocument

特点:编译时分配静态内存,后续不能改变。

创建StaticJsonDocument对象:

StaticJsonDocument<大小> doc;

类模板指定文档的大小,我们需要精确控制大小,要不然会解析失败。

解析json:
使用deserializeJson(doc,json)函数即可解析参数2内的json。

const char* json = "{\"name\":\"John Doe\",\"age\":30,\"city\":\"Anytown\"}";
DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, json);

访问json数据:
最简便的方法:

//解析键值对:
String name = doc["name"];//中括号里面填键,他返回值
//解析json对象中的东西:
String city = doc["address"]["city"];

总得来说,我们只需要使用**[]**进行解析就可以了,不管嵌套多少都可以。

解析json数组:

DynamicJsonDocument

特点:动态申请doc,后续不需要可以删除。

创建对象:

DynamicJsonDocument doc(大小);

清除内存:
清理内存的意义:DynamicJsonDocument是动态的JSON容器,其存储在堆上。在使用完毕后,应该将其所占用的内存释放掉,以免浪费内存,因为堆内存是有限的。

clear(doc);

其他使用和StaticJsonDocument几乎无差别。

四、解析今天的北京天气

使用到的json:在上面的json示例中。

#include 

void experiment()
{
  const char *json = "{\"name\":\"John Doe\",\"age\":30,\"address\":{\"street\":\"123 Main St\",\"city\":\"Anytown\",\"state\":\"CA\",\"zip\":\"12345\"},\"phone_numbers\":[\"555-555-1234\",\"555-555-5678\"]}";

  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1000);

  deserializeJson(doc,json);

  Serial.printf("My Name:%s,My street:%s,My state:%s",doc["name"],doc["address"]["street"],doc["name"]["state"]);
  //解析数组
  for(int i = 0;i<2;i++)
  {
    Serial.printf("phone Number:%s",doc["phone_numbers"][i]);
  }

  doc.clear();
}

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);

  experiment();
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

可能解析会出现乱码,但是不用管,只要有东西就可以,以后我们的项目是直接http请求,他就不会出现这种错误。

总结

ESP32是一种功能强大的开发板,可以轻松地连接各种传感器和外部设备,进行数据采集和控制。在ESP32上解析JSON数据是很常见的操作,因为JSON数据结构清晰、易于扩展和在各种不同平台上应用。以下是一般的步骤和工具,来解析JSON数据在ESP32上:

1、准备JSON库:ESP32开发板有多个可用的JSON解析库,例如ArduinoJSON、uJson、cJSON等,我们需选择一个合适的库来使用。此外,我们要确保库的版本与IDE所支持的兼容。
2、将JSON数据存储到ESP32的内存中:通常情况下,我们需要从网络或文件中获取JSON数据,然后将其存储在ESP32的内存中。我们可以使用内置的WiFi或Ethernet库从网络上下载JSON数据,或从SD卡或SPIFFS文件系统中读取JSON文件。
3、解析JSON数据:使用所选的JSON库来解析JSON数据。通常使用函数deserializeJson()将JSON数据解析为JSON对象,然后我们就可以按照名字或者数组索引来访问JSON数据对象中的属性或元素。
处理JSON数据:一旦得到JSON对象,我们可以将其转换为其他数据类型进行处理或存储。例如,我们可以将JSON对象中的数据转换为字符串,数字,float或者存储在数组中。
4、内存管理:在ESP32上解析大量JSON数据可能会消耗很多内存,因此,我们需要小心地管理内存以避免内存泄漏。例如,在使用ArduinoJSON库时,需要根据JSON数据的大小分配足够的内存。

总之,在ESP32上使用JSON是很方便和可行的,它可以帮助用户解析和处理不同来源的数据,并将其集成到您的项目中。使用适当的JSON库和正确的方法,我们可以轻松地解析和处理JSON数据,从而实现优秀的功能。

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