轻量化,易用的嵌入式数据库,用于设备端的数据管理,可以理解成单点的数据库。传统服务器型数据库用于管理多端设备,更加复杂
SQLite是一个无服务器的数据库,是自包含的。这也称为嵌入式数据库,这意味着数据库引擎作
为应用程序的一部分运行。
MySQL需要运行服务器,MySQL将需要客户端和服务器架构通过网络进行交互。
SQLite的优点 | SQLite缺点 | MySQL的优点 | MySQL的缺点 |
---|---|---|---|
1.基于文件,易于设置和使用 | 1.缺乏用户管理和安全功能 | 1.使用方便,提供了许多与数据库相关的功能 | 1.需要一些技术专业知识来设置 |
2.适合基础开发和测试,轻松携带 | 2.不容易扩展 | 2.良好的安全功能,易于扩展,适用于大型数据库 | 2.与传统SQL相比,语法略有不同 |
3.使用标准SQL语法进行微小更改,使用方便 | 3.不适合大数据库,无法定制 | 3.提供良好的速度和性能,提供良好的用户管理和多种访问控制 |
基于嵌入式的数据库主要有:SQLite,Firebird,Berkeley DB,eXtremeDB
Firebird 是关系型数据库,功能强大,支持存储过程,SQL兼容等
SQLite 关系型数据库,体积小,支持ACID事务
Berkeley DB 并没有数据库服务器的概念,他的程序直接链接到应用程序中
eXtremeDB 是内存数据库,运行效率高
下载方式:
安装方式一:
sudo apt-get -y install sqlite
安装方式二:
https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
获取到安装包后:
1. 把下载的文件sqlite-autoconf-3390000.tar.gz上传到开发板
2. tar xvf sqlite-autoconf-3390000.tar.gz 解压
3. cd sqlite-autoconf-3390000 进入文件夹
4. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local 配置安装路径在/usr/local
5. make 编译//比较久10分钟
6. sudo make install 安装
如图为安装成功,运行sqlite3进入SQL命令操作流程
方式一:
1. sqlite3 进入数据库
2. .open test.db
3. .quit
数据库退出后在命令当前路径创建数据库test.db
方式二:
sqlite3 test.db //在命令运行当前窗口创建数据库test.db
在数据库命令下
.databases 列出当前打开的数据库
.quit 退出
create table stu2(id Integer,name char,score Integer);
insert into stu values(1,'huang',99);
insert into stu2 values(2,"gang",100); ''和""都行
insert into stu(name,score) values("huanggang",98); 插入部分字段内容
select * from stu; //查询所有字段的结果
select name,score from stu; //查询数据库中部分字段的内容
delete from stu where id = 1;
update stu set name = 'huangg' where id = 1;
drop table stu;
alter table stu add column sex char;
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在,那么它就会被创建,最后将返回一个数据库对象。
sqlite3_open(const char *filename, sqlite3 **ppDb)
该例程打开一个指向 SQLite 数据库文件的连接,返回一个用于其他 SQLite 程序的数据库连接对象。
sqlite3_close(sqlite3*)
该例程关闭之前调用 sqlite3_open() 打开的数据库连接。所有与连接相关的语句都应在连接关闭之前完
成。
如果还有查询没有完成,sqlite3_close() 将返回 SQLITE_BUSY 禁止关闭的错误消息。
const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
sqlite3_errcode() 通常用来获取最近调用的API接口返回的错误代码.
对应的宏如下图
示例代码:
demo1
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
}
demo2
#include
#include
int main(char argc, char **argv)
{
sqlite3 *db;
sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char **errmsg)
int ret;
if(argc < 2){
printf("Usage: %s xxx.db\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
if( (ret = sqlite3_open(argv[1],&db)) == SQLITE_OK){
printf("open %s success\n",argv[1]);
}else{
printf("error:%s,%d\n",sqlite3_errmsg(db),ret);
if(ret == 14){
printf("permission den\n");
}
return -1;
}
sqlite3_close(db);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
下面的 C 代码段将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表:
先看这个API
sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char **errmsg)
sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char
**errmsg)
该例程提供了一个执行 SQL 命令的快捷方式,SQL 命令由 sql 参数提供,可以由多个 SQL 命令组成。
第一个参数: sqlite3 是打开的数据库对象
第二个参数:sql语句
第三个参数:sqlite_callback 是一个回调
第四个参数:传递给回调的数据
第五个参数:将被返回用来获取程序生成的任何错误。
callback(回调)
int callback(void *arg, int column_size, char *column_value[], char*column_name[])
第一个参数:void *arg:是sqlite3_exec函数的第四个参数
第二个参数:column_size:数据库的字段数
第三个参数:column_value[]:列的值
第四个参数:column_name:字段名字
说明:返回值必须返回0,这样数据库有多少条数据,这个回调函数就会被调用多少次
代码demo1
#include
#include
int callback(void *arg, int column_size, char *column_value[], char
*column_name[])
{
int i;
printf("arg=%s\n",(char *)arg);
for(i=0;i<column_size;i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", column_name[i], column_value[i]);
}
printf("=======================\n");
return 0;//必须返回0,这样数据库中有多少条数据,这个回调函数就会被调用多少次
}
int main(char argc, char **argv)
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *errorMes = NULL;
int ret;
if(argc < 2){
printf("Usage: %s xxx.db\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
if( (ret = sqlite3_open(argv[1],&db)) == SQLITE_OK){
printf("open %s success\n",argv[1]);
}else{
printf("error:%s,%d\n",sqlite3_errmsg(db),ret);
if(ret == 14){
printf("permission den\n");
}
return -1;
}
//sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char
**errmsg)
sqlite3_exec(db, "select * from stu;",callback, "content of sql:",
&errorMes);//errorMes may sigment error!
sqlite3_close(db);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
实现一条建立表格的指令
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
4.4.3 插入数据的C接口
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何在上面创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录:
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \
"ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \
"NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \
"AGE INT NOT NULL," \
"ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \
"SALARY REAL );";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Table created successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何在上面创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录:
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Records created successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
在我们开始讲解获取记录的实例之前,让我们先了解下回调函数的一些细节,这将在我们的实例使用
到。这个回调提供了一个从 SELECT 语句获得结果的方式。它声明如下:
typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(
void*, /* sqlite3_exec()的第四个参数传递的内容 */
int, /* 列 */
char**, /* 键值对的值 */
char** /* 键值对的键 */
);
如果上面的回调在 sqlite_exec() 程序中作为第三个参数,那么 SQLite 将为 SQL 参数内执行的每个
SELECT 语句中处理的每个记录调用这个回调函数。
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何从前面创建的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示记录:
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
SQLdataToLink()
LinkToSQL()
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录:
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create merged SQL statement */
sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1; " \
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
下面的 C 代码段显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录:
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
int i;
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data);
for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
const char* data = "Callback function called";
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if( rc ){
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}else{
fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create merged SQL statement */
sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2; " \
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg);
if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}else{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
如下
#include
#include
#include
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
{
printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
sqlite3 *db;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
char *sql;
char *sql2;
char *sql3;
char *sql4;
char *sql5;
/* Open database */
rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
if (rc)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY("
"ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,"
"NAME TEXT NOT NULL,"
"AGE INT NOT NULL,"
"ADDRESS CHAR(50),"
"SALARY REAL );";
/* insert SQL statement */
sql2 = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); "
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); "
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)"
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );"
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)"
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
sql3 = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
sql4 = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1; "
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
sql5 = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2; "
"SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Table created successfully\n");
}
/* Execute SQL statement */
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql2, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Records created successfully\n");
}
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql3, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s,rc=%d\n", zErrMsg, rc);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql4, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql5, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n");
}
sqlite3_close(db);
return 0;
}
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct Test
{
int data;
struct Test *next;
};
struct Test *insertFromhead(struct Test *head, struct Test *new)
{
struct Test *point = head;
if (head == NULL)
{
head = new;
return head;
}
while (point->next != NULL)
{
point = point->next;
}
point->next = new;
return head;
}
struct Test *creatLink(struct Test *head)
{
struct Test *new = NULL;
int i;
int num;
printf("please create link\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
new = (struct Test *)malloc(sizeof(struct Test));
new->next = NULL;
printf("please input NO %d Link data\n", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &(new->data));
head = insertFromhead(head, new);
}
return head;
}
void printLink(struct Test *head)
{
struct Test *point = head;
while (point != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", point->data);
point = point->next;
}
putchar('\n');
}
int callback(void *arg, int column_size, char *column_value[], char *column_name[])
{
int i;
struct Test *head = NULL;
head = (struct Test *)arg;
while (head != NULL)
{
for (i = 0; i < column_size; i++)
{
printf("%s=%s\n", column_name[i], column_value[i]);
}
printf("=================================\n");
head = head->next;
}
return 0;
}
void save_SQL(struct Test *head)
{
struct Test *point = head;
sqlite3 *db = NULL;
char *errmsg = NULL;
char buf[128] = {0};
int ret = 0;
ret = sqlite3_open("link.db", &db);
if (ret)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
sprintf(buf, "create table base (ID Integer)");
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, buf, NULL, NULL, &errmsg);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
printf("create table error:%s,ret=%d\n", errmsg, ret);
}
while (point != NULL)
{
memset(buf, 0, 128);
sprintf(buf, "insert into base values (%d)", point->data);
sqlite3_exec(db, buf, NULL, NULL, NULL);
point = point->next;
}
sqlite3_close(db);
}
void read_SQL(struct Test *head)
{
sqlite3 *db = NULL;
char *errmsg = NULL;
char buf[128] = {0};
int ret = 0;
ret = sqlite3_open("link.db", &db);
if (ret)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
sprintf(buf, "select * from base");
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, buf, callback, (void *)head, &errmsg);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
printf("create table error:%s,ret=%d\n", errmsg, ret);
}
sqlite3_close(db);
}
int main()
{
struct Test *head = NULL;
head = creatLink(head);
printLink(head);
// 把链表得数据插入数据库
save_SQL(head);
// 查询数据库中得数据
read_SQL(head);
return 0;
}
read_SQL(struct Test *head)
{
sqlite3 *db = NULL;
char *errmsg = NULL;
char buf[128] = {0};
int ret = 0;
ret = sqlite3_open("link.db", &db);
if (ret)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
exit(0);
}
else
{
fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n");
}
sprintf(buf, "select * from base");
ret = sqlite3_exec(db, buf, callback, (void *)head, &errmsg);
if (ret != SQLITE_OK)
{
printf("create table error:%s,ret=%d\n", errmsg, ret);
}
sqlite3_close(db);
}