Linux CentOS7.x 升级内核的方法
文章目录
-
- 1. 查看操作系统内核版本
- 2. 安装 elrepo
- 3. 查看内核版本列表
- 4. 安装
- 5. 查看系统上面可以使用的内核
- 6. 修改启动顺序默认值
- 7. 生产grub 配置文件
- 8. 重新启动
- 9. 删除旧内核版本
-
- 9.1 方法一：使用 yum remove 删除旧版本RPM包
- 9.2 方法二： yum-utils 工具
1. 查看操作系统内核版本
$ uname -r
3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
2. 安装 elrepo
官网地址：http://elrepo.org/tiki/tiki-index.php
yum -y update && yum -y upgrade
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
CentOS 8则采用下面的命令
# yum install -y https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
3. 查看内核版本列表
$ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
elrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.0 MB 00:00:04
可安装的软件包
kernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
4. 安装
$ yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml-devel kernel-ml -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* elrepo: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* elrepo-kernel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
https://wiki.centos.org/yum-errors
If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please use https://bugs.centos.org/.
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
elrepo/primary_db | 501 kB 00:00:00
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 kernel-ml.x86_64.0.5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo 将被 安装
---> 软件包 kernel-ml-devel.x86_64.0.5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
kernel-ml x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 55 M
kernel-ml-devel x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 14 M
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 2 软件包
总下载量：69 M
安装大小：306 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 55 MB 00:00:08
(2/2): kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 00:03:32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 330 kB/s | 69 MB 00:03:33
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/2
正在安装 : kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/2
验证中 : kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/2
验证中 : kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/2
已安装:
kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 0:5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo
完毕！
5. 查看系统上面可以使用的内核
$ awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
0 : CentOS Linux (5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
3 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
4 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0) 7 (Core)
6. 修改启动顺序默认值
方法1：命令操作
$ grub2-set-default 0
方法2：修改/etc/default/grub 文件
设置 GRUB_DEFAULT=0，通过上面查询显示的编号为 0 的内核作为默认内核：
sed -i s/saved/0/g /etc/default/grub
或者
$ vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved #saved改为0
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
7. 生产grub 配置文件
$ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0.img
done
8. 重新启动
$ reboot
$ uname -r
5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
9. 删除旧内核版本
$ rpm -qa | grep kernel
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-55.el7.centos.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-5.6.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
kernel-debug-devel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-headers-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-devel-5.6.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
9.1 方法一：使用 yum remove 删除旧版本RPM包
$ yum remove kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-headers-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
9.2 方法二： yum-utils 工具
注：如果安装的内核不多于 3 个，
yum-utils工具不会删除任何一个。只有在安装的内核大于 3 个时，才会自动删除旧内核.
$ yum install yum-utils
$ package-cleanup --oldkernels