作者简介
王海龙,SUSE/Rancher中国社区技术经理,负责Rancher中国技术社区的维护和运营。拥有7年的云计算领域经验,经历了OpenStack到Kubernetes的技术变革,无论底层操作系统Linux,还是虚拟化KVM或是Docker容器技术都有丰富的运维和实践经验。
Rancher 从 v2.5.x 开始,单节点 Rancher Server 内置了 K3s 作为 local 集群,该 local 集群除了支撑 Rancher Server 运行以外,还将运行 fleet、rancher-webhook、gitjob、coredns 等组件。下图为 Rancher v2.5.8 内置 K3s 集群默认启动的组件和所需的镜像:
其中,docker.io/rancher/coredns-coredns 和 docker.io/rancher/pause 为 Rancher Server 内置的镜像,其他镜像需要在 Rancher Server 启动后到 dockerhub 去在线下载。
如果你的环境是离线环境,并且是通过 docker run 的方式启动 Rancher Server,会报一些镜像下载失败的日志:
E0511 08:39:56.060906 28 pod_workers.go:191] Error syncing pod d0f83155-f023-4ff6-9164-11b6b63ef4d6 ("helm-operation-t8mtl_cattle-
system(d0f83155-f023-4ff6-9164-11b6b63ef4d6)"), skipping: [failed to "StartContainer" for "helm" with ImagePullBackOff: "Back-
off pulling image \"rancher/shell:v0.1.6\"", failed to "StartContainer" for "proxy" with ImagePullBackOff: "Back-off pulling image \"rancher/shell:v0.1.6\""]
官网文档单节点离线安装 Rancher Server(http://docs.rancher.cn/docs/rancher2.5/installation/other-installation-methods/air-gap/install-rancher/_index/#单节点安装)章节中指出了可以通过CATTLE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT_REGISTRY参数指定从私有镜像仓库去获取 Rancher Server 所需的镜像,但如果你的私有镜像仓库是启用 TLS或有认证的情况,CATTLE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT_REGISTRY是无法满足你的需求的。
针对上述场景,我们可以将内置 k3s 集群的**/etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml** 映射到宿主机上,然后通过修改registries.yaml来实现启用 TLS或有认证 等更复杂的场景,关于 k3s 配置私有仓库,可参考k3s 官网(http://docs.rancher.cn/docs/k3s/installation/private-registry/_index/).
以下章节将指导大家如何通过私有镜像仓库在离线环境下安装单节点 Rancher Server,针对镜像仓库类型的不同,分为以下几种场景:
私有仓库为 SSL 证书颁发机构颁发的证书(https),有认证
私有仓库中已经提前上传了 Rancher Server 所需要的镜像,如何同步镜像到私有镜像仓库可以参考官方文档(http://docs.rancher.cn/docs/rancher2.5/installation/other-installation-methods/air-gap/populate-private-registry/_index).
1.配置 K3s registries.yaml
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# cat /opt/registries.yaml
mirrors:
# 私有仓库域名
harbor.kingsd.top:
endpoint:
- "https://harbor.kingsd.top"
configs:
"harbor.kingsd.top":
auth:
username: admin # 这是私有镜像仓库的用户名
password: Password # 这是私有镜像仓库的密码
2.启动单节点 Rancher Server
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# docker run -itd --privileged \
> --restart=unless-stopped \
> -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
> -e CATTLE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT_REGISTRY=harbor.kingsd.top \ # 设置私有仓库域名
> -v /opt/registries.yaml:/etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml \ # 将宿主机`registries.yaml`映射到容器内
> rancher/rancher:v2.5.8
3.验证
等待 Rancher Server 启动成功后,我们可以 exec 到容器内确认所需要的组件是否启动:
root@3fd636aa513e:/var/lib/rancher# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
cattle-system helm-operation-5w49g 0/2 Completed 0 3m21s
cattle-system helm-operation-gclkp 0/2 Completed 0 3m3s
cattle-system helm-operation-jt948 0/2 Completed 0 3m13s
cattle-system helm-operation-l76g6 0/2 Completed 0 3m41s
cattle-system helm-operation-zmm6f 0/2 Completed 0 3m28s
cattle-system rancher-webhook-58b8d9f6c6-bxmns 1/1 Running 0 3m24s
fleet-system fleet-agent-7c7d457b6d-x4kvf 1/1 Running 0 2m33s
fleet-system fleet-controller-5ddfd96f5c-lxbnt 1/1 Running 0 3m10s
fleet-system gitjob-7b4ddfcbf7-6hx52 1/1 Running 0 3m10s
kube-system coredns-66c464876b-hfjqk 1/1 Running 0 4m1s
rancher-operator-system rancher-operator-5cbfb5d6d7-kq29z 1/1 Running 0 3m32s
root@3fd636aa513e:/var/lib/rancher# k3s crictl images
IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
docker.io/rancher/coredns-coredns 1.6.9 4e797b3234604 43.3MB
docker.io/rancher/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca19 746kB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/fleet-agent v0.3.5 2a0c55d5db357 55.9MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/fleet v0.3.5 981b7123a405f 23.9MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/gitjob v0.1.15 dac9b6c58fe07 24.8MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/rancher-operator v0.1.4 c18d03bea7c6f 14.5MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/rancher-webhook v0.1.0 aec2ca2e747d7 12.6MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/shell v0.1.6 2e550736e6a49 46.8MB
可以看到,除了 Rancher Server 内置的 rancher/coredns-coredns 和 rancher/pause 镜像以外,其他的镜像都是从 harbor.kingsd.top 拉取。
私有仓库为自签名证书(https),有认证
Rancher Server 连接自签名证书的私有仓库和 SSL 证书颁发机构的私有仓库配置的区别主要在于连接自签名证书的私有仓库时需要在 k3s 的registries.yaml中指定私有镜像仓库的自签名证书。
1.配置 K3s registries.yaml
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# cat /opt/registries.yaml
mirrors:
# 私有仓库域名
harbor.kingsd.top:
endpoint:
- "https://harbor.kingsd.top"
configs:
"harbor.kingsd.top":
auth:
username: admin # 这是私有镜像仓库的用户名
password: Password # 这是私有镜像仓库的密码
tls:
ca_file: /opt/certs/ca.crt # 镜像仓库中使用的ca文件的路径。
cert_file: /opt/certs/harbor.kingsd.top.cert # 镜像仓库中使用的cert文件的路径。
key_file: /opt/certs/harbor.kingsd.top.key # 镜像仓库中使用的key文件的路径。
2.启动单节点 Rancher Server
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# docker run -itd --privileged \
> --restart=unless-stopped \
> -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
> -e CATTLE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT_REGISTRY=harbor.kingsd.top \ # 设置私有仓库域名
> -v /opt/registries.yaml:/etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml \ # 将宿主机`registries.yaml`映射到容器内
> -v /opt/certs:/opt/certs \ # 将证书映射到容器内
> rancher/rancher:v2.5.8
3.验证
等待 Rancher Server 启动成功后,我们可以 exec 到容器内确认所需要的组件是否启动:
root@381b5d2c26d9:/var/lib/rancher# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
cattle-system helm-operation-b5mvm 0/2 Completed 0 6m27s
cattle-system helm-operation-cdlc8 0/2 Completed 0 5m57s
cattle-system helm-operation-hcxmj 0/2 Completed 0 5m47s
cattle-system helm-operation-vqz9z 0/2 Completed 0 6m4s
cattle-system helm-operation-wqgz9 0/2 Completed 0 6m12s
cattle-system rancher-webhook-58b8d9f6c6-z68ps 1/1 Running 0 6m18s
fleet-system fleet-agent-7c7d457b6d-zznvd 1/1 Running 0 5m25s
fleet-system fleet-controller-5ddfd96f5c-kcqmq 1/1 Running 0 5m53s
fleet-system gitjob-7b4ddfcbf7-99l46 1/1 Running 0 5m53s
kube-system coredns-66c464876b-mflfv 1/1 Running 0 6m49s
rancher-operator-system rancher-operator-5cbfb5d6d7-prsqh 1/1 Running 0 6m9s
root@381b5d2c26d9:/var/lib/rancher# k3s crictl images
IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
docker.io/rancher/coredns-coredns 1.6.9 4e797b3234604 43.3MB
docker.io/rancher/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca19 746kB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/fleet-agent v0.3.5 2a0c55d5db357 55.9MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/fleet v0.3.5 981b7123a405f 23.9MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/gitjob v0.1.15 dac9b6c58fe07 24.8MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/rancher-operator v0.1.4 c18d03bea7c6f 14.5MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/rancher-webhook v0.1.0 aec2ca2e747d7 12.6MB
harbor.kingsd.top/rancher/shell v0.1.6 2e550736e6a49 46.8MB
可以看到,除了 Rancher Server 内置的 rancher/coredns-coredns 和 rancher/pause 镜像以外,其他的镜像都是从 harbor.kingsd.top 拉取。
私有仓库不使用 SSL(使用 http),有认证
针对 HTTP 的私有仓库,只需要将 registries.yaml 里的 mirrors.endpoint 配置修改为http 开头即可。
1.配置 K3s registries.yaml
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# cat cat /opt/registries.yaml
cat: cat: No such file or directory
mirrors:
# 私有仓库IP
3.96.56.137:
endpoint:
- "http://3.96.56.137"
configs:
"3.96.56.137":
auth:
username: admin # 这是私有镜像仓库的用户名
password: Password # 这是私有镜像仓库的密码
2.启动单节点 Rancher Server
root@ip-172-31-14-159:~# docker run -itd --privileged \
> --restart=unless-stopped \
> -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
> -e CATTLE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT_REGISTRY=3.96.56.137 \ # 设置私有仓库IP
> -v /opt/registries.yaml:/etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml \ # 将宿主机`registries.yaml`映射到容器内
> rancher/rancher:v2.5.8
3.验证
root@cb018bb70446:/var/lib/rancher# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
cattle-system helm-operation-44tb7 0/2 Completed 0 77s
cattle-system helm-operation-cwpvz 0/2 Completed 0 66s
cattle-system helm-operation-f898m 0/2 Completed 0 58s
cattle-system helm-operation-fc4tj 0/2 Completed 0 51s
cattle-system helm-operation-qq4kz 0/2 Completed 0 42s
cattle-system rancher-webhook-c49756c7f-rjwdj 1/1 Running 0 63s
fleet-system fleet-agent-55865c8959-rz8p2 1/1 Running 0 21s
fleet-system fleet-controller-797ff98bfd-xj48k 1/1 Running 0 47s
fleet-system gitjob-58bdfc4c69-mp84z 1/1 Running 0 47s
kube-system coredns-66c464876b-dbm8v 1/1 Running 0 96s
rancher-operator-system rancher-operator-578b4c64d4-4ptq9 1/1 Running 0 69s
root@cb018bb70446:/var/lib/rancher# k3s crictl images
IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
3.96.56.137/rancher/fleet-agent v0.3.5 2a0c55d5db357 55.9MB
3.96.56.137/rancher/fleet v0.3.5 981b7123a405f 23.9MB
3.96.56.137/rancher/gitjob v0.1.15 dac9b6c58fe07 24.8MB
3.96.56.137/rancher/rancher-operator v0.1.4 c18d03bea7c6f 14.5MB
3.96.56.137/rancher/rancher-webhook v0.1.0 aec2ca2e747d7 12.6MB
3.96.56.137/rancher/shell v0.1.6 2e550736e6a49 46.8MB
docker.io/rancher/coredns-coredns 1.6.9 4e797b3234604 43.3MB
docker.io/rancher/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca19 746kB
可以看到,除了 Rancher Server 内置的 rancher/coredns-coredns 和 rancher/pause 镜像以外,其他的镜像都是从 3.96.56.137 拉取。
单节点 Rancher Server 连接私有仓库其实就是内置的 K3s 集群连接私有仓库,关于更多 k3s 私有镜像仓库配置可以参考 k3s 官网(http://docs.rancher.cn/docs/k3s/installation/private-registry/_index)。