本篇文章是使用树莓派4B点亮WS2812灯环,并实现多种颜色的变换。
WS2812B是一个集控制电路与发光电路于一体的智能外控LED光源,其外型与一个5050LED灯珠相同,每个元件即为一个像素点。
这里本人就不重复说明了,详情请参考以下博客/论坛等,希望对你有所帮助。
参考1
参考2
参考3
参考4
红色------5V
蓝色------GND
黄色------GPIO18
首先需要安装相关库:
sudo pip install rpi-ws281x
若没有安装pip的还得先安装pip:(装了则跳过此步骤)
sudo apt-get install python-pip
以下为灯光多种变换的代码,一个函数一种变换:
import time
from rpi_ws281x import PixelStrip, Color
import argparse
LED_COUNT = 16 # LED灯的个数
LED_PIN = 18 # DI端接GPIO18
# 以下可以不用改
LED_FREQ_HZ = 800000 # LED signal frequency in hertz (usually 800khz)
LED_DMA = 10 # DMA channel to use for generating signal (try 10)
LED_BRIGHTNESS = 255 # Set to 0 for darkest and 255 for brightest
LED_INVERT = False # True to invert the signal (when using NPN transistor level shift)
LED_CHANNEL = 0 # set to '1' for GPIOs 13, 19, 41, 45 or 53
# 以下为LED模式变换的各个函数
def colorWipe(strip, color, wait_ms=20):
"""一次擦除显示像素的颜色."""
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, color)
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
def theaterChase(strip, color, wait_ms=50, iterations=10):
"""电影影院灯光风格的追逐动画."""
for j in range(iterations):
for q in range(3):
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i + q, color)
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i + q, 0)
def wheel(pos):
"""生成横跨0-255个位置的彩虹颜色."""
if pos < 85:
return Color(pos * 3, 255 - pos * 3, 0)
elif pos < 170:
pos -= 85
return Color(255 - pos * 3, 0, pos * 3)
else:
pos -= 170
return Color(0, pos * 3, 255 - pos * 3)
def rainbow(strip, wait_ms=20, iterations=1):
"""绘制彩虹,褪色的所有像素一次."""
for j in range(256 * iterations):
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, wheel((i + j) & 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
def rainbowCycle(strip, wait_ms=10, iterations=5):
"""画出均匀分布在所有像素上的彩虹."""
for j in range(256 * iterations):
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, wheel(
(int(i * 256 / strip.numPixels()) + j) & 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
def theaterChaseRainbow(strip, wait_ms=50):
"""旋转的彩色灯光."""
for j in range(256):
for q in range(3):
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i + q, wheel((i + j) % 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i + q, 0)
# Main program logic follows:
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Process arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-c', '--clear', action='store_true', help='clear the display on exit')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Create NeoPixel object with appropriate configuration.
strip = PixelStrip(LED_COUNT, LED_PIN, LED_FREQ_HZ, LED_DMA, LED_INVERT, LED_BRIGHTNESS, LED_CHANNEL)
# Intialize the library (must be called once before other functions).
strip.begin()
print('Press Ctrl-C to quit.')
if not args.clear:
print('Use "-c" argument to clear LEDs on exit')
try:
while True:
print('Color wipe animations.')
colorWipe(strip, Color(255, 255, 0)) # Red wipe
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 30)
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 255, 255)) # Blue wipe
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 30)
colorWipe(strip, Color(255, 0, 255)) # Green wipe
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 30)
print('Theater chase animations.')
print('Rainbow animations.')
rainbow(strip)
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 50)
rainbowCycle(strip)
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 40)
break
while True:
rainbowCycle(strip)
#print('***********************')
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 100)
except:
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 0), 100)
问题1:提示 “strip.begin()” 该代码出错,显示错误为:
RuntimeError: ws2811_init failed with code -5 (mmap() failed)
原因:直接从IDE上运行了该程序。
解决方法:从命令行上运行程序。方法如下:
①假设程序文件放在桌面上
cd Desktop
②进入桌面后打开程序文件,假设文件名为123.py
sudo python3 123.py
③运行时若想要退出就按Ctrl + C
问题2:
不能使用中文注释?
经过验证,其实是可以的使用中文注释的,并且根本不用删除注释再运行程序,完全不受影响
问题3:
出现ImportError: No module named _rpi_ws281x的错误提示
较大的可能是安装错了,用pip安装可能是Python2的,用pip3安装就能解决
sudo pip3 install rpi-ws281x
##2020.8.29