主角即Spring、SpringMVC、MyBatis,即所谓的SSM框架,大家应该也都有所了解,概念性的东西就不写了,有万能的百度。之前没有记录SSM整合的过程,这次刚刚好基于自己的一个小项目重新搭建了一次,而且比项目搭建的要更好一些。以前解决问题的过程和方法并没有及时记录,以后在自己的小项目中遇到我再整理分享一下。个人认为使用框架并不是很难,关键要理解其思想,这对于我们提高编程水平很有帮助。
工作环境:JDK 1.7、Mysql 5.6、Myeclipse 10、Tomcat 7、Maven
框架版本:Spring 4.2.6.RELEASE、SpringMVC 4.2.6.RELEASE、MyBatis 3.2.8
项目目录结构:
1、类文件和资源文件分开存放,类文件分为六层,其中common存放公共和框架部分,controller存放项目控制层,service存放项目业务逻辑层,model存放项目实体类,mapper存放数据层接口,test存放测试相关类。
注:若涉及到多业务模块的情况,分层可以在各层内部进行划分,当然对于大模块建议采用Maven多模块项目方式搭建。
2、前端在webapp下分出了common和project,common存放公共部分,project内部用于存放多个子模块,common以及各子模块内部分别新建images,js,css和view四个文件夹,用于归类不同资源。
构建好整体结构后,接下来应该把目光看下web.xml文件,无论是何种JavaEE框架,入口总是在web.xml,认准这边就没错了。
web.xml 内容很多,SSM整合相关的关键部分就是加载Spring配置文件spring-config.xml,以及将SpringMVC核心调度器DispatcherServlet注册为servlet(配置文件为mvc-config.xml),其他部分有注释,选择性观看即可。
web.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>SpringMVCdisplay-name> <description>柴可夫斯基模板description> <icon> <small-icon>/common/images/favicon.icosmall-icon> <large-icon>/common/images/favicon.icolarge-icon> icon> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKeyparam-name> <param-value>spring4.rootparam-value> context-param> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name> <param-value>classpath*:spring-config.xmlparam-value> context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class> listener> <listener> <listener-class>com.demo.common.startup.InitListenerlistener-class> listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListenerlistener-class> listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListenerlistener-class> listener> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encodingparam-name> <param-value>UTF-8param-value> init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncodingparam-name> <param-value>trueparam-value> init-param> filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name> <url-pattern>/*url-pattern> filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>loginFilterfilter-name> <filter-class>com.demo.common.filter.LoginFilterSpringfilter-class> <init-param> <param-name>charsetparam-name> <param-value>UTF-8param-value> init-param> <init-param> <param-name>contentTypeparam-name> <param-value>text/html;charset=UTF-8param-value> init-param> filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>loginFilterfilter-name> <url-pattern>*.jspurl-pattern> filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>wrapRequestFilterfilter-name> <filter-class>com.demo.common.filter.WrapParameterFilterfilter-class> filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>wrapRequestFilterfilter-name> <url-pattern>/*url-pattern> filter-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>defaultservlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jpgurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.gifurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.pngurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.jsurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.cssurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.icourl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.eoturl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.svgurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.ttfurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.woffurl-pattern> <url-pattern>*.mp3url-pattern> <url-pattern>*.htmlurl-pattern> servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name> <param-value>classpath*:mvc-config.xmlparam-value> init-param> <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup> servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVCservlet-name> <url-pattern>/url-pattern> servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>initServletservlet-name> <servlet-class>com.demo.common.startup.InitServletservlet-class> <load-on-startup>0load-on-startup> servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>DruidStatViewservlet-name> <servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServletservlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>allowparam-name> <param-value>127.0.0.1param-value> init-param> servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DruidStatViewservlet-name> <url-pattern>/druid/*url-pattern> servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>CXFServiceservlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServletservlet-class> <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup> servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CXFServiceservlet-name> <url-pattern>/webservice/*url-pattern> servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>60session-timeout> session-config> <error-page> <error-code>404error-code> <location>/common/view/404.jsplocation> error-page> <error-page> <error-code>500error-code> <location>/common/view/500.jsplocation> error-page> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>common/view/index.jspwelcome-file> welcome-file-list> web-app>
这块涉及内容也很多,从何说起呢,先上一下文件内容好了:
spring-config.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:constant.properties"/> <task:annotation-driven /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> context:component-scan> <import resource="spring-mybatis.xml"/> <import resource="spring-socket.xml"/> <import resource="test/mongo-config.xml"/> <import resource="test/spring-cxf.xml"/> beans>
上面内容很多,但是并不全是SSM框架的,需要关注的点只有下面几个:
1、context:component-scan 包扫描
这个注解不用多说了,要注意的就是主容器中不扫描@Controller注解,因为@Controller将会在SpringMVC扫描。
2、import 标签和多文件配置
在团队开发时候,每个人都常去改动Spring配置文件,不科学,使用这个技巧方便,每个都有各自的配置文件了。项目较大,有较多的bean时,可以将其分散到子文件中。虽然Spring还有自动扫描的功能,但我感觉也不怎么好,需要去扫描,影响性能;而且各个Bean分散在不同包中,不好配置。
多文件配置通常有两种做法:
2.1 在 web.xml配置中的contextConfigLocation节点配置多个值。
具体代码如下:
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/classes/context1.xml, /WEB-INF/classes/context2.xml, /WEB-INF/classes/context3.xml param-value> context-param>
其中分隔符可以是","也可以是" "等,也可以用通配符application-*,这样配置的要求是,你的Spring配置文件必须是applicationContext-*****.xml这样的形式存在,*号代表通配符,具体就不说了。
2.2 在一个application.xml中配置多个import标签引入其他文件。
个人喜欢这种方式,清晰明了,总得有一个主入口吧(估计受了webpack和SeaJS的影响)。
从这边也不难看到Spring框架在其中扮演的角色:管理容器,有效地组织你的中间层对象(无节操得集成其他框架)。
3、引入mybatis配置:spring-mybatis.xml
这个文件就是用来完成spring和mybatis的整合的。这里面也没多少行配置,主要的就是自动扫描,自动注入,配置数据库。注释也很详细,大家看看就明白了。
spring-mybatis.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <property name="initialSize" value="10" /> <property name="minIdle" value="20" /> <property name="maxActive" value="100" /> <property name="maxWait" value="60000" /> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="6000" /> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" /> <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 'x' FROM DUAL" /> <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" /> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" /> <property name="testOnReturn" value="false" /> <property name="filters" value="stat" /> bean> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" >property> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.demo.model" /> <property name="typeAliasesSuperType" value="com.demo.common.base.BaseEntity"/> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:mappings/**/*.xml"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml">property> bean> <bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" /> <property name="basePackage" value="com.demo.mapper">property> <property name="annotationClass" value="com.demo.common.persistence.annotation.MyBatisDao"/> bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource">bean> beans>
这块配置里面的注释也很详细,在此就不说了,主要是自动扫描控制器,视图模式,注解的启动这三个。
mvc-config.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> context:component-scan> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8">property> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="2097152">property> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960">property> bean> <mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8" /> bean> mvc:message-converters> mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**" /> <bean class="com.demo.common.core.SpringMVCInterceptor">bean> mvc:interceptor> mvc:interceptors> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/project/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> beans>
这部分内容也可以参考上一篇博文:《经久不衰的Spring框架:SpringMVC 统括》
到此,已经完成了SSM三大框架的整合了,接下来测试一下,如果成功了,那么恭喜你,如果失败了,继续调试吧,作为程序员就是不停的与BUG做斗争!
测试的话,无非就是新建对应的view、controller、service、mapper ,测试一下SpringMVC和Mybatis的功能,很简单,就不罗嗦了。
部署的话,就干到tomcat里面去,启动,访问localhost即可,也不赘述了。
至此,SSM三大框架的整合就完成了,在此基础上可再添加其他功能。