SpringCloud(三)LoadBalancer负载均衡

一、负载均衡

实际上,在添加@LoadBalanced注解之后,会启用拦截器对我们发起的服务调用请求进行拦截(注意这里是针对我们发起的请求进行拦截),叫做LoadBalancerInterceptor,它实现ClientHttpRequestInterceptor接口:

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
    ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException;
}

主要是对intercept方法的实现:

public ClientHttpResponse intercept(final HttpRequest request, final byte[] body, final ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
    URI originalUri = request.getURI();
    String serviceName = originalUri.getHost();
    Assert.state(serviceName != null, "Request URI does not contain a valid hostname: " + originalUri);
    return (ClientHttpResponse)this.loadBalancer.execute(serviceName, this.requestFactory.createRequest(request, body, execution));
}

 

 

服务端会在发起请求时执行这些拦截器。

那么这个拦截器做了什么事情呢,首先我们要明确,我们给过来的请求地址,并不是一个有效的主机名称,而是服务名称,那么怎么才能得到真正需要访问的主机名称呢,肯定是得找Eureka获取的。

我们来看看loadBalancer.execute()做了什么,它的具体实现为BlockingLoadBalancerClient:

//从上面给进来了服务的名称和具体的请求实体
public  T execute(String serviceId, LoadBalancerRequest request) throws IOException {
    String hint = this.getHint(serviceId);
    LoadBalancerRequestAdapter lbRequest = new LoadBalancerRequestAdapter(request, new DefaultRequestContext(request, hint));
    Set supportedLifecycleProcessors = this.getSupportedLifecycleProcessors(serviceId);
    supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach((lifecycle) -> {
        lifecycle.onStart(lbRequest);
    });
  	//可以看到在这里会调用choose方法自动获取对应的服务实例信息
    ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.choose(serviceId, lbRequest);
    if (serviceInstance == null) {
        supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach((lifecycle) -> {
            lifecycle.onComplete(new CompletionContext(Status.DISCARD, lbRequest, new EmptyResponse()));
        });
      	//没有发现任何此服务的实例就抛异常(之前的测试中可能已经遇到了)
        throw new IllegalStateException("No instances available for " + serviceId);
    } else {
      	//成功获取到对应服务的实例,这时就可以发起HTTP请求获取信息了
        return this.execute(serviceId, serviceInstance, lbRequest);
    }
}

所以,实际上在进行负载均衡的时候,会向Eureka发起请求,选择一个可用的对应服务,然后会返回此服务的主机地址等信息:

二、自定义负载均衡

LoadBalancer默认提供了两种负载均衡策略:

RandomLoadBalancer - 随机分配策略
(默认) RoundRobinLoadBalancer - 轮询分配策略
现在我们希望修改默认的负载均衡策略,可以进行指定,比如我们现在希望用户服务采用随机分配策略,我们需要先创建随机分配策略的配置类(不用加@Configuration):
 

package com.example.config;


import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.RandomLoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ReactorLoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ServiceInstanceListSupplier;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.support.LoadBalancerClientFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

public class LoadBalancerConfig {
    //将官方提供的 RandomLoadBalancer 注册为Bean
    @Bean
    public ReactorLoadBalancer randomLoadBalancer(Environment environment, LoadBalancerClientFactory loadBalancerClientFactory){
        String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);
        return new RandomLoadBalancer(loadBalancerClientFactory.getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), name);
    }
}

接着我们需要为对应的服务指定负载均衡策略,直接使用注解即可:

@Configuration
@LoadBalancerClient(value = "userservice",      //指定为 userservice 服务,只要是调用此服务都会使用我们指定的策略
        configuration = LoadBalancerConfig.class)   //指定我们刚刚定义好的配置类
public class BeanConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

三、OpenFeign实现负载均衡

官方文档:https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-openfeign/docs/current/reference/html/

Feign和RestTemplate一样,也是HTTP客户端请求工具,但是它的使用方式更加便捷。首先是依赖:

borrow-service(pom.xml)


    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-openfeign

接着在启动类添加@EnableFeignClients注解:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class BorrowApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BorrowApplication.class, args);
    }
}

现在我们需要调用其他微服务提供的接口,我们直接创建一个对应服务的接口类即可:

@FeignClient("userservice")   //声明为userservice服务的HTTP请求客户端
public interface UserClient {
}

接着我们直接创建所需类型的方法,比如我们之前的:

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
User user = template.getForObject("http://userservice/user/"+uid, User.class);

现在可以直接写成这样:

UserClient

package com.example.service.client;

import com.example.entity.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

//声明为userservice服务的HTTP请求客户端
@FeignClient("userservice")
public interface UserClient {

    //路径保证和其他微服务提供的一致即可
    @RequestMapping("/user/getUserById/{uid}")
    User getUserById(@PathVariable("uid") Integer uid);
}

BookClient

package com.example.service.client;

import com.example.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient("bookservice")
public interface BookClient {

    @GetMapping("/book/getBookById/{bid}")
    Book getBookById(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid);
}

接着我们直接注入使用(有Mybatis那味了):

BorrowServiceImpl


@Service
public class BorrowServiceImpl implements BorrowService {

    @Resource
    private BorrowMapper borrowMapper;

    @Resource
    private UserClient userClient;

    @Resource
    private BookClient bookClient;

    @Override
    public UserBorrowDto getUserBorrowDtoByUid(Integer uid) {
        List borrow = borrowMapper.getBorrowByUid(uid);
        //这里通过调用getForObject来请求其他服务,并将结果自动进行封装
        //获取User信息
        User user = userClient.getUserById(uid);
        //获取每一本书的详情信息
        List bookList = borrow
                .stream()
                .map(b ->bookClient.getBookById(b.getBid()))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        return new UserBorrowDto(user,bookList);
    }
}

访问,可以看到结果依然是正确的:

 

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