在本文中,我们将研究如何将Java代码动态加载到正在运行的jvm中。 该代码可能是全新的,或者我们可能想更改程序中某些现有代码的功能。
(在开始之前,您可能想知道为什么到底有人会这样做。显而易见的示例是规则引擎之类的东西。规则引擎希望为用户提供添加或更改规则的能力,而不必重新启动规则。您可以通过将DSL脚本作为规则注入规则库来执行此操作,这种方法的真正问题在于,必须对DSL脚本进行解释,使其运行起来极其缓慢。然后可以像程序中的任何其他代码一样编译和运行该程序,效率将提高几个数量级。
在《纪事报》中,我们在新的微秒微服务/算法容器的核心中使用了这个想法。
我们将要使用的库是Chronicle开源库Java-Runtime-Compiler 。
从下面的代码中您将看到,该库的使用极其简单-实际上,它实际上只需要几行。 创建一个CachedCompiler,然后调用loadFromJava。 (有关实际最简单的用例,请参见此处的文档。)
下面列出的程序执行以下操作:
创建一个线程,该线程每秒调用一次Strategy。 该战略的投入为10和20。
加载将两个数字相加的策略
等待3秒
加载从另一个数中减去一个数的策略
这是完整的代码清单:
package test;
import net.openhft.compiler.CachedCompiler;
/**
* Loads the addingStrategy and then after 3s replaces it with the
* subtractingStrategy.
*/
public class DynamicJavaClassLoading {
private final static String className = "test.MyClass";
private final static String addingStrategy = "package test;\n" +
"import test.DynamicJavaClassLoading.Strategy;\n" +
"public class MyClass implements Strategy {\n" +
" public int compute(int a, int b) {\n" +
" return a+b;\n" +
" }\n" +
"}\n";
private final static String subtractingStrategy = "package test;\n" +
"import test.DynamicJavaClassLoading.Strategy;\n" +
"public class MyClass implements Strategy {\n" +
" public int compute(int a, int b) {\n" +
" return a-b;\n" +
" }\n" +
"}\n";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StrategyProxy strategy = new StrategyProxy();
//Thread calling the strategy once a second
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
System.out.println(strategy.compute(10,20));
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
t.start();
{
ClassLoader cl = new ClassLoader() {
};
CachedCompiler cc = new CachedCompiler(null, null);
Class aClass = cc.loadFromJava(cl, className, addingStrategy);
Strategy runner = (Strategy) aClass.newInstance();
strategy.setStratgey(runner);
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
{
ClassLoader cl = new ClassLoader() {
};
CachedCompiler cc = new CachedCompiler(null, null);
Class aClass = cc.loadFromJava(cl, className, subtractingStrategy);
Strategy runner = (Strategy) aClass.newInstance();
strategy.setStratgey(runner);
}
}
public interface Strategy{
int compute(int a, int b);
}
public static class StrategyProxy implements Strategy{
private volatile Strategy underlying;
public void setStratgey(Strategy underlying){
this.underlying = underlying;
}
public int compute(int a, int b){
Strategy underlying = this.underlying;
return underlying == null ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : underlying.compute(a, b);
}
}
}
这是输出(蓝色注释):
The strategy has not been loaded yet. underlying in the StrategyProxy is null so Integer.MIN_VALUE is returned
-2 1 4 7 4 8 3 6 4 8
The adding strategy has been loaded 10+20=30
30
30
30
After 3s the subtracting strategy is loaded. It replaces the adding strategy. 10-20=-10
-10
-10
-10
-10
-10
请注意,在每次加载策略时,在代码中我们都创建了一个新的ClassLoader和一个CachedCompiler。 这样做的原因是,ClassLoader一次只能加载一个特定类的一个实例。
如果仅使用该库来加载新代码,则可以这样做,而无需创建ClassLoader(即使用默认的ClassLoader)和CachedCompiler。
还有一种需求,就是将已编译好的class文件,让jvm热加载,供其他模块使用,这个过程也是要求程序不可以重启;
此时需要我们自定义类加载器,新建MyClassLoads类,让其继承ClassLoader类,然后重写defineClass类:
策略: 上传class文件–>后台接收后类加载进行加载–>完成加载后放在一个map中(类全路径为key,class为value)–>调用者从map中获取class,利用反射调用其方法
代码:
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload;
import com.zf.load.classloadwar.controller.LoadController;
import java.io.*;
/**
* 类加载器
*/
public class MyClassLoads extends ClassLoader {
private static MyClassLoads instance = null;
static byte[] byteArray = null;
public MyClassLoads(ClassLoader parent) {
super(parent); //这个很重要解决类加载作用域问题
}
//获取MyClassLoads的唯一方法
public static MyClassLoads GetInstance(byte[] content, ClassLoader parent) {
try {
instance = new MyClassLoads(parent);
MyClassLoads.byteArray = content;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return instance;
}
@Override
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
Class<?> myclass = findLoadedClass(name);
if (myclass == null) {
myclass = defineClass(null, MyClassLoads.byteArray, 0, MyClassLoads.byteArray.length);
return myclass;
} else {
return myclass;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public Class<?> addLoadClassToMap(String className) {
Class<?> abc = null;
try {
abc = MyClassLoads.GetInstance(byteArray, this.getClass().getClassLoader()).findClass(className);
LoadController.classMap.put(className,abc);
System.err.println(abc.getName()+ "成功被热加载");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return abc;
}
/**
* @param classPaht
* @return Object
* 热加载新的Class类
*/
public Object FindNewClass(String classPaht) {
try {
byte[] b = getBytes(classPaht);
return defineClass(null, b, 0, b.length).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 热加载新的Class类
*/
public Object loadNewClass(byte[] content) {
try {
return defineClass(null, content, 0, content.length).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param o
* @return T
* 包装返回类对象
*/
public static <T> T ReLoadClass(Object o) {
return (T) o;
}
/**
* @param filename
* @return Byte[]
* @throws IOException 返回class文件的Byte
*/
private byte[] getBytes(String filename) throws IOException {
File file = new File(filename);
byte raw[] = new byte[(int) file.length()];
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(file);
fin.read(raw);
fin.close();
return raw;
}
}
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload;
/**
* 类热加载后回调接口
*/
public interface RefChange {
void ReLoadClass(Object j);
}
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload;
import com.zf.load.classloadwar.controller.LoadController;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
@Component
public class ReloadClass implements RefChange {
@Override
public void ReLoadClass(Object j) {
String name = j.getClass().getName();
System.out.println(name);
Object o = MyClassLoads.ReLoadClass(j);
System.err.println(name+ "成功被热加载");
Class clazz1 = null;
try {
clazz1 = o.getClass();
LoadController.classMap.put(name,clazz1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
然后是我们用来测试使用的父类和子类:
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload;
public class FatherManager {
public String getName(){
return "haha";
}
}
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload;
public class MyManager extends FatherManager{
public String getName(){
return "nihao";
}
}
主要controller类:
package com.zf.load.classloadwar.controller;
import com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload.MyClassLoads;
import com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload.MyManager;
import com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload.ReloadClass;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("file")
public class LoadController {
private Object ClassTemp;
@Autowired
private ReloadClass reloadClass;
public static Map<String, Class<?>> classMap = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
@PostMapping(value = "/fileUpload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile file, String className) {
if (file.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("文件为空");
}
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); // 文件名
try {
byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
Class<?> aClass =
MyClassLoads.GetInstance(bytes, this.getClass().getClassLoader()).addLoadClassToMap(className);
System.out.println(aClass.getName());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return fileName;
}
@GetMapping(value = "/getName")
public String getName() {
Class<?> aClass = classMap.get("com.zf.load.classloadwar.hotload.MyManager");
Method method = null;
String result = "";
try {
method = aClass.getMethod("getName");
method.setAccessible(true);
Object obj1 = method.invoke(aClass.newInstance());
result = String.valueOf(obj1);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
@GetMapping(value = "/getTestName")
public String getTestName() {
MyManager myManager = new MyManager();
String name = myManager.getName();
return name;
}
@GetMapping(value = "/testWar")
public String testWar() {
return "nihao";
}
}
下面我们测试一下:
首先我们准备一个编译好的class文件,在本程序中测试类为MyManager;
将此类编译为class文件(clean complie一下),作为准备;
,然后启动程序:
1)postman执行“localhost:8081/load/file/getTestName”:
得到:
2)然后上传我们准备好的class文件,再执行“localhost:8081/load/file/getName”;
可以看到,我们上传的class文件成功被加载了;
注意: 编写自定义类加载时,一定要继承一下父类的类加载器,不然当程序打包为war包放在tomcat运行时(jar包运行无误),热加载会失败,因为在tomcat中类加载不遵循双亲委派机制;
参考资料:
https://blog.csdn.net/dnc8371/article/details/106703200
https://blog.csdn.net/wzy1935/article/details/115920629
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1g94y1d787
本文上传class文件实现class热加载源码:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1YNrs74IOy3gCu7P4OG2TEg
提取码:zysn
监控文件夹实现class热加载源码:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1FyBQlXBZZntPCxRQxtoMWA
提取码:9unm