Python SMTP发送邮件

如何使用Python发送QQ邮件？如何发送带附件的邮件？这篇文章将详细说明

目录

一、发送邮件

二、发送HTML格式的邮件

三、在HTML中添加图片

四、发送带附件的邮件

五、最终整合版

六、配置指引

---

一、发送邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
smtp_port = 587  # QQ邮箱的端口号为587

# 发送方邮箱账号和密码
sender_email = '[email protected]' 
sender_password = 'your_sender_email_password'

# 接收方邮箱地址
receiver_email = '[email protected]'

# 创建邮件内容
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
body = '这是一封使用Python发送的测试邮件。'
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
# MIMEText有三个参数第一个为文本内容，第二个 plain 设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码可不填
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

# 发送邮件
try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    smtp.starttls()  # 开启TLS加密连接
    smtp.login(sender_email, sender_password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功！")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

二、发送HTML格式的邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
smtp_port = 587  # QQ邮箱的端口号为587

# 发送方邮箱账号和密码
sender_email = '[email protected]' 
sender_password = 'your_sender_email_password'

# 接收方邮箱地址
receiver_email = '[email protected]'

# 创建邮件内容
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
body = body = """
Python 邮件发送测试...
这是一个链接
"""

message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
# MIMEText有三个参数第一个为文本内容，第二个 html设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码可不填
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html'))

# 发送邮件
try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    smtp.starttls()  # 开启TLS加密连接
    smtp.login(sender_email, sender_password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功！")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

三、在HTML中添加图片

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
smtp_port = 587  # QQ邮箱的端口号为587

# 发送方邮箱账号和密码
sender_email = '[email protected]' 
sender_password = 'your_sender_email_password'

# 接收方邮箱地址
receiver_email = '[email protected]'

# 创建邮件内容
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
body = """
Python 邮件发送测试...
这是一个链接
图片演示：
"""

message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html'))

# 指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('E:\demo\head_image.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()

# 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')
message.attach(msgImage)


# 发送邮件
try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    smtp.starttls()  # 开启TLS加密连接
    smtp.login(sender_email, sender_password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功！")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

四、发送带附件的邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
smtp_port = 587  # QQ邮箱的端口号为587

# 发送方邮箱账号和密码
sender_email = '[email protected]' 
sender_password = 'your_sender_email_password'

# 接收方邮箱地址
receiver_email = '[email protected]'

# 创建邮件内容
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
body = """
Python 邮件发送测试...
这是一个链接
"""

message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html'))

# 添加附件
import os
file_path = 'E:\\demo\\《Python+Cookbook》.pdf'
file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)  # 只获取文件名

with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
    part = MIMEApplication(file.read(), Name=file_name)  # Name参数指定了附件的文件名
    part['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename="{file_path}"'
    message.attach(part)

# 发送邮件
try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    smtp.starttls()  # 开启TLS加密连接
    smtp.login(sender_email, sender_password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功！")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

五、最终整合版

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
smtp_port = 587  # QQ邮箱的端口号为587

# 发送方邮箱账号和密码
sender_email = '[email protected]' 
sender_password = 'your_sender_email_password'

# 接收方邮箱地址
receiver_email = '[email protected]'

# 创建邮件内容
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
body = """
Python 邮件发送测试...
这是一个链接
图片演示：
"""

message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_email
message['To'] = receiver_email
message['Subject'] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html'))

# 指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('E:\demo\head_image.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()

# 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')
message.attach(msgImage)

# 添加附件
file_path = 'E:\\demo\\《Python+Cookbook》.pdf'
file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)  # 只获取文件名

with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
    part = MIMEApplication(file.read(), Name=file_name)
    part['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename="{file_path}"'
    message.attach(part)

# 发送邮件
try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    smtp.starttls()  # 开启TLS加密连接
    smtp.login(sender_email, sender_password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功！")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print("邮件发送失败：", e)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

六、配置指引

您需要将 [email protected] 和 your_sender_email_password 替换为实际的发件人邮箱账号和密码，将 [email protected] 替换为收件人的 QQ 邮箱地址。同时，确保开启了发件人邮箱的 SMTP 服务。

其中your_sender_email_password 的密码应当在QQ邮箱的设置--帐户中找到POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务，点击管理服务，在跳转的新页面中点击生成授权码，这将作为你的密码使用