◆ 发布&订阅
◆ 一对多
应用场景:
◆ 点咖啡,点好之后坐等被叫
◆ 网页事件绑定
◆ Promise
◆ jQuery callbacks
◆ nodejs自定义事件
观察者模式符合的设计原则:
◆ 主题和观察者分离,不是主动触发而是被动监听,两者解耦
◆ 符合开放封闭原则
1. 实现一个观察者
// 主题,接收状态变化,触发每个观察者
class Subject {
constructor() {
this.state = 0
this.observers = []
}
getState() {
return this.state
}
setState(state) {
this.state = state
this.notifyAllObservers()
}
attach(observer) {
this.observers.push(observer)
}
notifyAllObservers() {
this.observers.forEach(observer => {
observer.update()
})
}
}
// 观察者,等待被触发
class Observer {
constructor(name, subject) {
this.name = name
this.subject = subject
this.subject.attach(this)
}
update() {
console.log(`${this.name} update, state: ${this.subject.getState()}`)
}
}
// 测试代码
let s = new Subject()
let o1 = new Observer('o1', s)
let o2 = new Observer('o2', s)
let o3 = new Observer('o3', s)
s.setState(1)
s.setState(2)
s.setState(3)
2. 观察者的应用
2.1 网页事件绑定
$('#btn1').click(function () {
console.log(1)
})
$('#btn1') .click(function () {
console.log(2)
})
$('#btn1').click(function () {
console.log(3)
})
// 1, 2, 3
2.2 promise.then
var src =' '
var result = loadImg(src)
result.then(function (img) {
console.log('width', img.width)
return img
}).then(function (img) {
console.log('height', img.height)
})
2.3 jQuery callbacks
var callbacks = $.Callbacks() // 注意大小写
callbacks.add(function (info) {
console.log('fn1', info)
})
callbacks.add(function (info) {
console.log('fn2', info)
})
callbacks.add(function (info) {
console.log('fn3', info)
})
callbacks.fire('gogogo') // fn1 gogogo fn2 gogogo fn3 gogogo
callbacks.fire('fire') // fng fire fn2 fire fn3 fire
2.4 node自定义事件
const EventEmitter = require('events ').EventEmitter
const emitter1 = new EventEmitter()
emitter1.on('some', () => {
// 监听some事件
console.log('some event is occured 1')
})
emitter1.on('some', () => {
// 监听some事件
console.log('some event is occured 2')
})
// 触发some事件
emitter.emit('some')
// 传递参数
const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
const emitter = new EventEmitter()
emitter.on('sbowName', name => {
console. log('event occured', name)
})
emitter.emit('sbowName', 'zhangsan')
继承node中的观察者模式
const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter
// 在自己的类中继承EventEmitter的观察者模式
class Dog extends EventEmitter {
constructor(name) {
super()
this.name = name
}
}
var simon = new Dog('simon')
simon.on( 'bark', function () {
console.log(this.name, 'barked')
})
setInterval(() => {
simon.emit('bark')
}, 500)
node中的处理流文件也是观察者模式
var fs = require('fs')
var readStream = fs.createReadStream('./data/file1.txt') // 读取文件的 Stream
var length = 0
readStream.on('data', function(chunk) {
length += chunk.toString().length
})
readStream.on('end', function () {
console.log(length)
))
var readline = require('readline');
var fs = require('fs')
var rl = readline.createInterface({
input: fs.createReadStream('./data/file1.txt')
});
var lineNum = 0
rl.on('line', function(line){
lineNum++
});
rl.on('close', function() {
console.log('lineNum' , lineNum)
});
node读取请求参数
function serverCallback(req, res) {
var method = req.method.toLowerCase() //获取请求的方法
if (method === 'get') {
// ******
}
if (method === 'post') {
// 接收post请求的内容
var data = ''
req.on('data', function (chunk) {
// “一点一点”接收内容
data += chunk.toString( )
})
req.on('end', function () {
//接收完毕,将内容输出
res.writeHead(200, 'Content-type': 'text/html'})
res.write(data)
res.end()
})
}
}