死信,顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息,字面意思可以这样理解,一般来说,producer将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到 queue 里了,consumer 从 queue 取消息进行消费,但某些时候由于特定的原因 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费,这样的消息如果没有后续的处理,就变成了死信,有死信自然就有了死信队列。
应用场景:为了保证订单业务的消息数据不丢失,需要使用到 RabbitMQ 的死信队列机制,当消息消费发生异常时,将消息投入死信队列中。还有比如说:用户在商场下单成功并点击支付后在指定时间未支付时自动失效。
生产者代码
public class Producer {
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
// 设置消息的TTL时间
new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
// 该消息是用作演示队列个数限制
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
String message = "info" + i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发送消息:" + message);
}
}
}
}
消费者 C1 代码(启动之后关闭消费者 模拟其接收不到消息
)
public class Consumer01 {
// 普通交换机名称
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
// 死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
// 声明死信和普通交换机 类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "direct");
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, "direct");
// 声明死信队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
// 死信队列绑定死信交换机 routingkey
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
// 正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
// 正常队列设置死信交换机 参数key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
// 正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
System.out.println("等待接受消息.....");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer01 接受消息" + message);
};
channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
生产者未发送消息
生产者发送了10条消息,此时正常消息队列有10条未消费信息
时间过去10秒,正常队列里面的消息由于没有被消费,消息进入死信队列
消费者 C2 代码(以上步骤完成后 启动 C2 消费者 它消费死信队列里面的消息)
public class Consumer02 {
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, "direct");
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接受死信队列消息.....");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer02 接受死信队列的消息" + message);
};
channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
消费生产者代码去掉 TTL 属性
public class Producer {
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
// 该消息是用作演示队列个数限制
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
String message = "info" + i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发送消息:" + message);
}
}
}
}
C1 消费者修改以下代码(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)
// 正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
// 正常队列设置死信交换机 参数key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
// 正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
// 设置正常队列长度的限制
params.put("x-max-length", 6);// 添加该代码
注意此时需要把原先队列删除,因为参数改变了
消息生产者代码同上生产者一致
C1 消费者代码(启动之后关闭该消费者,模拟接收不到消息)
public class Consumer01 {
// 普通交换机名称
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
// 死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
// 声明死信和普通交换机 类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "direct");
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, "direct");
// 声明死信队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
// 死信队列绑定死信交换机 routingkey
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
// 正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
// 正常队列设置死信交换机 参数key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
// 正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
System.out.println("等待接受消息.....");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
if (message.equals("info5")) {
System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message + "并拒绝签收该消息");
// requeue 设置为false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中
channel.basicReject(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} else {
System.out.println("Consumer01 接受消息" + message);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;
channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, autoAck, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
C2 消费者代码不变