二级缓存构建在一级缓存之上,在收到查询请求时,MyBatis 首先会查询二级缓存,若二级缓存未命中,再去查询一级缓存,一级缓存没有,再查询数据库。
二级缓存------》 一级缓存------》数据库
与一级缓存不同,二级缓存和具体的命名空间绑定,一个Mapper中有一个Cache,相同Mapper中的 MappedStatement共用一个Cache,一级缓存则是和 SqlSession 绑定。
分为三步:
1、开启全局二级缓存配置:
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
settings>
2、在需要使用二级缓存的Mapper配置文件中配置标签
<cache>cache>
3、在具体CURD标签上配置 useCache=true
<select id="findById" resultType="com.tao.pojo.User" useCache="true">
select * from user where id = #{id}
select>
根据之前的mybatis源码剖析,xml的解析工作主要交给XMLConfigBuilder.parse()方法来实现
// XMLConfigBuilder.parse()
public Configuration parse() {
if (parsed) {
throw new BuilderException("Each XMLConfigBuilder can only be used once.");
}
parsed = true;
parseConfiguration(parser.evalNode("/configuration"));// 在这里
return configuration;
}
// parseConfiguration()
// 既然是在xml中添加的,那么我们就直接看关于mappers标签的解析
private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) {
try {
Properties settings = settingsAsPropertiess(root.evalNode("settings"));
propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties"));
loadCustomVfs(settings);
typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases"));
pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory"));
objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory"));
reflectionFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectionFactory"));
settingsElement(settings);
// read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631
environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments"));
databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider"));
typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers"));
// 就是这里
mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration.Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
// mapperElement()
private void mapperElement(XNode parent) throws Exception {
if (parent != null) {
for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) {
if ("package".equals(child.getName())) {
String mapperPackage = child.getStringAttribute("name");
configuration.addMappers(mapperPackage);
} else {
String resource = child.getStringAttribute("resource");
String url = child.getStringAttribute("url");
String mapperClass = child.getStringAttribute("class");
// 按照我们本例的配置,则直接走该if判断
if (resource != null && url == null && mapperClass == null) {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(resource);
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
XMLMapperBuilder mapperParser = new XMLMapperBuilder(inputStream, configuration, resource, configuration.getSqlFragments());
// 生成XMLMapperBuilder,并执行其parse方法
mapperParser.parse();
} else if (resource == null && url != null && mapperClass == null) {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(url);
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getUrlAsStream(url);
XMLMapperBuilder mapperParser = new XMLMapperBuilder(inputStream, configuration, url, configuration.getSqlFragments());
mapperParser.parse();
} else if (resource == null && url == null && mapperClass != null) {
Class<?> mapperInterface = Resources.classForName(mapperClass);
configuration.addMapper(mapperInterface);
} else {
throw new BuilderException("A mapper element may only specify a url, resource or class, but not more than one.");
}
}
}
}
}
我们来看看解析Mapper.xml
// XMLMapperBuilder.parse()
public void parse() {
if (!configuration.isResourceLoaded(resource)) {
// 解析mapper属性
configurationElement(parser.evalNode("/mapper"));
configuration.addLoadedResource(resource);
bindMapperForNamespace();
}
parsePendingResultMaps();
parsePendingChacheRefs();
parsePendingStatements();
}
// configurationElement()
private void configurationElement(XNode context) {
try {
String namespace = context.getStringAttribute("namespace");
if (namespace == null || namespace.equals("")) {
throw new BuilderException("Mapper's namespace cannot be empty");
}
builderAssistant.setCurrentNamespace(namespace);
cacheRefElement(context.evalNode("cache-ref"));
// 最终在这里看到了关于cache属性的处理
cacheElement(context.evalNode("cache"));
parameterMapElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/parameterMap"));
resultMapElements(context.evalNodes("/mapper/resultMap"));
sqlElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/sql"));
// 这里会将生成的Cache包装到对应的MappedStatement
buildStatementFromContext(context.evalNodes("select|insert|update|delete"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BuilderException("Error parsing Mapper XML. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
// cacheElement()
private void cacheElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
if (context != null) {
//解析 标签的type属性,这里我们可以自定义cache的实现类,比如redisCache,如果没有自定义,这里使用和一级缓存相同的PERPETUAL
String type = context.getStringAttribute("type", "PERPETUAL");
Class<? extends Cache> typeClass = typeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(type);
String eviction = context.getStringAttribute("eviction", "LRU");
Class<? extends Cache> evictionClass = typeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(eviction);
Long flushInterval = context.getLongAttribute("flushInterval");
Integer size = context.getIntAttribute("size");
boolean readWrite = !context.getBooleanAttribute("readOnly", false);
boolean blocking = context.getBooleanAttribute("blocking", false);
Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
// 构建Cache对象
builderAssistant.useNewCache(typeClass, evictionClass, flushInterval, size, readWrite, blocking, props);
}
}
先来看看是如何构建Cache对象的
MapperBuilderAssistant.useNewCache()
public Cache useNewCache(Class<? extends Cache> typeClass,
Class<? extends Cache> evictionClass,
Long flushInterval,
Integer size,
boolean readWrite,
boolean blocking,
Properties props) {
// 1.生成Cache对象
Cache cache = new CacheBuilder(currentNamespace)
//这里如果我们定义了 中的type,就使用自定义的Cache,否则使用和一级缓存相同的PerpetualCache
.implementation(valueOrDefault(typeClass, PerpetualCache.class))
.addDecorator(valueOrDefault(evictionClass, LruCache.class))
.clearInterval(flushInterval)
.size(size)
.readWrite(readWrite)
.blocking(blocking)
.properties(props)
.build();
// 2.添加到Configuration中
configuration.addCache(cache);
// 3.并将cache赋值给MapperBuilderAssistant.currentCache
currentCache = cache;
return cache;
}
我们看到一个Mapper.xml只会解析一次标签,也就是只创建一次Cache对象,放进configuration中, 并将cache赋值给MapperBuilderAssistant.currentCache
buildStatementFromContext(context.evalNodes(“select|insert|update|delete”));将Cache包装到MappedStatement
// buildStatementFromContext()
private void buildStatementFromContext(List<XNode> list) {
if (configuration.getDatabaseId() != null) {
buildStatementFromContext(list, configuration.getDatabaseId());
}
buildStatementFromContext(list, null);
}
//buildStatementFromContext()
private void buildStatementFromContext(List<XNode> list, String requiredDatabaseId) {
for (XNode context : list) {
final XMLStatementBuilder statementParser = new XMLStatementBuilder(configuration, builderAssistant, context, requiredDatabaseId);
try {
// 每一条执行语句转换成一个MappedStatement
statementParser.parseStatementNode();
} catch (IncompleteElementException e) {
configuration.addIncompleteStatement(statementParser);
}
}
}
// XMLStatementBuilder.parseStatementNode();
public void parseStatementNode() {
String id = context.getStringAttribute("id");
String databaseId = context.getStringAttribute("databaseId");
...
Integer fetchSize = context.getIntAttribute("fetchSize");
Integer timeout = context.getIntAttribute("timeout");
String parameterMap = context.getStringAttribute("parameterMap");
String parameterType = context.getStringAttribute("parameterType");
Class<?> parameterTypeClass = resolveClass(parameterType);
String resultMap = context.getStringAttribute("resultMap");
String resultType = context.getStringAttribute("resultType");
String lang = context.getStringAttribute("lang");
LanguageDriver langDriver = getLanguageDriver(lang);
...
// 创建MappedStatement对象
builderAssistant.addMappedStatement(id, sqlSource, statementType, sqlCommandType, fetchSize, timeout, parameterMap,
parameterTypeClass, resultMap, resultTypeClass,
resultSetTypeEnum, flushCache, useCache,
resultOrdered,
keyGenerator, keyProperty, keyColumn,
databaseId, langDriver, resultSets);
}
// builderAssistant.addMappedStatement()
public MappedStatement addMappedStatement(String id, ...) {
if (unresolvedCacheRef) {
throw new IncompleteElementException("Cache-ref not yet resolved");
}
id = applyCurrentNamespace(id, false);
boolean isSelect = sqlCommandType == SqlCommandType.SELECT;
//创建MappedStatement对象
MappedStatement.Builder statementBuilder = new MappedStatement.Builder(configuration, id, sqlSource, sqlCommandType)
...
.flushCacheRequired(valueOrDefault(flushCache, !isSelect))
.useCache(valueOrDefault(useCache, isSelect))
.cache(currentCache);// 在这里将之前生成的Cache封装到MappedStatement
ParameterMap statementParameterMap = getStatementParameterMap(parameterMap,
parameterType, id);
if (statementParameterMap != null) {
statementBuilder.parameterMap(statementParameterMap);
}
MappedStatement statement = statementBuilder.build();
configuration.addMappedStatement(statement);
return statement;
}
我们看到将Mapper中创建的Cache对象,加入到了每个MappedStatement对象中。
有关于标签的解析就到这了。
CachingExecutor
// CachingExecutor
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
// 创建 CacheKey
CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
// 从 MappedStatement 中获取 Cache,注意这里的 Cache 是从MappedStatement中获取的
// 也就是我们上面解析Mapper中 标签中创建的,它保存在Configration中
// 我们在上面解析blog.xml时分析过每一个MappedStatement都有一个Cache对象,就是这里
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
// 如果配置文件中没有配置 ,则 cache 为空
if (cache != null) {
//如果需要刷新缓存的话就刷新:flushCache="true"
flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
// 访问二级缓存
List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
// 缓存未命中
if (list == null) {
// 如果没有值,则执行查询,这个查询实际也是先走一级缓存查询,一级缓存也没有的话,则进行DB查询
list = delegate.<E>query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
// 缓存查询结果
tcm.putObject(cache, key, list);
}
return list;
}
}
return delegate.<E>query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
如果设置了flushCache=“true”,则每次查询都会刷新缓存
<select id="findbyId" resultType="com.tao.pojo.user" useCache="true" flushCache="true" >
select * from t_demo
select>
如上,注意二级缓存是从 MappedStatement 中获取的。由于 MappedStatement 存在于全局配置中, 可以多个 CachingExecutor 获取到,这样就会出现线程安全问题。除此之外,若不加以控制,多个事务共用一个缓存实例,会导致脏读问题。至于脏读问题,需要借助其他类来处理,也就是上面代码中 tcm 变量对应的类型。下面分析一下。
TransactionalCacheManager
/** 事务缓存管理器 */
public class TransactionalCacheManager {
// Cache 与 TransactionalCache 的映射关系表
private final Map<Cache, TransactionalCache> transactionalCaches = new HashMap<Cache, TransactionalCache>();
public void clear(Cache cache) {
// 获取 TransactionalCache 对象,并调用该对象的 clear 方法,下同
getTransactionalCache(cache).clear();
}
public Object getObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key) {
// 直接从TransactionalCache中获取缓存
return getTransactionalCache(cache).getObject(key);
}
public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
// 直接存入TransactionalCache的缓存中
getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
}
public void commit() {
for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
txCache.commit();
}
}
public void rollback() {
for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
txCache.rollback();
}
}
private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
// 从映射表中获取 TransactionalCache
TransactionalCache txCache = transactionalCaches.get(cache);
if (txCache == null) {
// TransactionalCache 也是一种装饰类,为 Cache 增加事务功能
// 创建一个新的TransactionalCache,并将真正的Cache对象存进去
txCache = new TransactionalCache(cache);
transactionalCaches.put(cache, txCache);
}
return txCache;
}
}
TransactionalCacheManager 内部维护了 Cache 实例与 TransactionalCache 实例间的映射关系,该类 也仅负责维护两者的映射关系,真正做事的还是 TransactionalCache。TransactionalCache 是一种缓存装饰器,可以为 Cache 实例增加事务功能。我在之前提到的脏读问题正是由该类进行处理的。下面分析一下该类的逻辑。
public class TransactionalCache implements Cache {
//真正的缓存对象,和上面的Map中的Cache是同一个
private final Cache delegate;
private boolean clearOnCommit;
// 在事务被提交前,所有从数据库中查询的结果将缓存在此集合中
private final Map<Object, Object> entriesToAddOnCommit;
// 在事务被提交前,当缓存未命中时,CacheKey 将会被存储在此集合中
private final Set<Object> entriesMissedInCache;
@Override
public Object getObject(Object key) {
// 查询的时候是直接从delegate中去查询的,也就是从真正的缓存对象中查询
Object object = delegate.getObject(key);
if (object == null) {
// 缓存未命中,则将 key 存入到 entriesMissedInCache 中
entriesMissedInCache.add(key);
}
if (clearOnCommit) {
return null;
} else {
return object;
}
}
@Override
public void putObject(Object key, Object object) {
// 将键值对存入到 entriesToAddOnCommit 这个Map中中,而非真实的缓存对象 delegate中
entriesToAddOnCommit.put(key, object);
}
@Override
public Object removeObject(Object key) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void clear() {
clearOnCommit = true;
// 清空 entriesToAddOnCommit,但不清空 delegate 缓存
entriesToAddOnCommit.clear();
}
public void commit() {
// 根据 clearOnCommit 的值决定是否清空 delegate
if (clearOnCommit) {
delegate.clear();
}
// 刷新未缓存的结果到 delegate 缓存中
flushPendingEntries();
// 重置 entriesToAddOnCommit 和 entriesMissedInCache
reset();
}
public void rollback() {
unlockMissedEntries();
reset();
}
private void reset() {
clearOnCommit = false;
// 清空集合
entriesToAddOnCommit.clear();
entriesMissedInCache.clear();
}
private void flushPendingEntries() {
for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : entriesToAddOnCommit.entrySet()){
// 将 entriesToAddOnCommit 中的内容转存到 delegate 中
delegate.putObject(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
for (Object entry : entriesMissedInCache) {
if (!entriesToAddOnCommit.containsKey(entry)) {
// 存入空值
delegate.putObject(entry, null);
}
}
}
private void unlockMissedEntries() {
for (Object entry : entriesMissedInCache) {
try {
// 调用 removeObject 进行解锁
delegate.removeObject(entry);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("...");
}
}
}
}
存储二级缓存对象的时候是放到了TransactionalCache.entriesToAddOnCommit这个map中,但是每 次查询的时候是直接从TransactionalCache.delegate中去查询的,所以这个二级缓存查询数据库后,设 置缓存值是没有立刻生效的,主要是因为直接存到 delegate 会导致脏数据问题
为何只有SqlSession提交或关闭之后刷新?
那我们来看下SqlSession.commit()方法做了什么
SqlSession
@Override
public void commit(boolean force) {
try {
// 主要是这句
executor.commit(isCommitOrRollbackRequired(force));
dirty = false;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error committing transaction.Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
// CachingExecutor.commit()
@Override
public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
delegate.commit(required);
tcm.commit();// 在这里
}
// TransactionalCacheManager.commit()
public void commit() {
for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
txCache.commit();// 在这里
}
}
//
TransactionalCache.commit()
public void commit() {
if (clearOnCommit) {
delegate.clear();
}
flushPendingEntries();//这一句
reset();
}
// TransactionalCache.flushPendingEntries()
private void flushPendingEntries() {
for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : entriesToAddOnCommit.entrySet()) {
// 在这里真正的将entriesToAddOnCommit的对象逐个添加到delegate中,只有这时,二级缓存才真正的生效
delegate.putObject(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
for (Object entry : entriesMissedInCache) {
if (!entriesToAddOnCommit.containsKey(entry)) {
delegate.putObject(entry, null);
}
}
}
二级缓存的刷新
我们来看看SqlSession的更新操作
public int update(String statement, Object parameter) {
int var4;
try {
this.dirty = true;
MappedStatement ms = this.configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
var4 = this.executor.update(ms, this.wrapCollection(parameter));
} catch (Exception var8) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error updating database. Cause: " + var8, var8);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
return var4;
}
public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject) throws SQLException {
this.flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
return this.delegate.update(ms, parameterObject);
}
private void flushCacheIfRequired(MappedStatement ms) {
//获取MappedStatement对应的Cache,进行清空
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
//SQL需设置flushCache="true" 才会执行清空
if (cache != null && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
this.tcm.clear(cache);
}
}
MyBatis二级缓存只适用于不常进行增、删、改的数据,比如国家行政区省市区街道数据。一但数据变 更,MyBatis会清空缓存。因此二级缓存不适用于经常进行更新的数据。
在二级缓存的设计上,MyBatis大量地运用了装饰者模式,如CachingExecutor, 以及各种Cache接口的装饰器。