哈喽,哈喽~,一年一度的抢火车票大战正式拉开序幕…
然饿大多数人碰到的是这种情况:当你满心期待摩拳擦掌准备抢票的时候,你会发现一票难求!想回趟家真难!
那么作为程序猿的你,当然要用程序猿的方式来抢票!下面分享用python来抢票!
import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import time
此部分导入了代码所需的各种模块,用于实现不同的功能,包括正则表达式、网页浏览、时间操作、系统相关操作、HTTP连接、URL解析、发送电子邮件和短信等功能。
class BrushTicket(object):
def __init__(self, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email):
# 初始化实例属性
# ...
这部分定义了 BrushTicket
类并初始化了基于提供的参数的实例属性。这些属性包括乘客详细信息、车站信息、出发时间、座位类型、通知联系人和URL等。
def do_login(self):
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
sleep(1)
print('请扫描二维码登录或使用您的账号登录...')
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
do_login
方法负责登录网站。它打开登录的URL,等待用户手动登录(可以通过扫描二维码或使用账号登录),并等待登录成功。
def start_brush(self):
self.driver.driver.maximize_window()
self.do_login()
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
try:
# ...
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
start_brush
方法实现了车票预订功能。它最大化浏览器窗口,执行登录操作,然后导航到车票预订页面。它不断查询是否有可用车票,选择所需的座位类型,并尝试为指定的乘客预订车票。它还处理异常情况,并在成功预订时提供通知。
def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
# ...
send_sms
方法负责发送短信通知。它使用"互亿无线"服务发送测试短信。它接收接收者的手机号码和短信内容作为参数,并返回从服务端收到的响应。
大家都有所体会12306那种神级验证码,即使是聪明如你也不定每次都能把验证码找对找全。然而经过训练后的模型却是可以的,不得不感叹科技强大。当然该程序中并没有涉及到这一识别验证码的核心技术,它只是将这一工作丢给第三方若快平台去做,然后自身利用结果即可。那么若快是如何识别这种神级验证码呢?通过机器学习 训练所需要的模型?笔者在这方面所了解的较少,不能给过多解释。但是这确实是个值得研究的方向。
def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
# ...
send_mail
方法处理发送电子邮件通知的功能。它使用SMTP协议连接到电子邮件服务器,使用发件人的凭据登录,并向指定的接收者地址发送电子邮件。它包括主题、正文以及发件人/收件人的详细信息。它接收接收者的电子邮件地址和邮件内容作为参数。
注:给我们推送相关消息,需要用户去提供账户和密码,这是个冒险的尝试,避免不了信息泄露的可能。
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 用户输入和初始化
# ...
# 开始预订车票
ticket = BrushTicket(passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email)
ticket.start_brush()
主程序执行部分接收用户输入以获取预订车票所需的各个参数,使用提供的值初始化 BrushTicket
对象,并调用 start_brush
方法开始预订车票的过程。
import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import time
class BrushTicket(object):
"""买票类及实现方法"""
def __init__(self, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile,
receiver_email):
"""定义实例属性,初始化"""
# 乘客姓名
self.passengers = passengers
# 起始站和终点站
self.from_station = from_station
self.to_station = to_station
# 乘车日期
self.from_time = from_time
# 车次编号
self.number = number.capitalize()
# 座位类型所在td位置
if seat_type == '商务座特等座':
seat_type_index = 1
seat_type_value = 9
elif seat_type == '一等座':
seat_type_index = 2
seat_type_value = 'M'
elif seat_type == '二等座':
seat_type_index = 3
seat_type_value = 0
elif seat_type == '高级软卧':
seat_type_index = 4
seat_type_value = 6
elif seat_type == '软卧':
seat_type_index = 5
seat_type_value = 4
elif seat_type == '动卧':
seat_type_index = 6
seat_type_value = 'F'
elif seat_type == '硬卧':
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
elif seat_type == '软座':
seat_type_index = 8
seat_type_value = 2
elif seat_type == '硬座':
seat_type_index = 9
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '无座':
seat_type_index = 10
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '其他':
seat_type_index = 11
seat_type_value = 1
else:
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
self.seat_type_index = seat_type_index
self.seat_type_value = seat_type_value
# 通知信息
self.receiver_mobile = receiver_mobile
self.receiver_email = receiver_email
# 新版12306官网主要页面网址
self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html'
self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html'
self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc'
# 浏览器驱动信息,驱动下载页:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
self.driver_name = 'chrome'
self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name)
def do_login(self):
"""登录功能实现,手动识别验证码进行登录"""
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
sleep(1)
# 选择登陆方式登陆
print('请扫码登陆或者账号登陆……')
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
def start_brush(self):
"""买票功能实现"""
# 浏览器窗口最大化
self.driver.driver.maximize_window()
# 登陆
self.do_login()
# 跳转到抢票页面
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
try:
print('开始刷票……')
# 加载车票查询信息
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time})
self.driver.reload()
count = 0
while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:
try:
self.driver.find_by_text('查询').click()
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
sleep(1)
continue
sleep(0.2)
count += 1
local_date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
print('第%d次点击查询……[%s]' % (count, local_date))
try:
current_tr = self.driver.find_by_xpath(
'//tr[@datatran="' + self.number + '"]/preceding-sibling::tr[1]')
if current_tr:
if current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text == '--':
print('无此座位类型出售,已结束当前刷票,请重新开启!')
sys.exit(1)
elif current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text == '无':
print('无票,继续尝试……')
sleep(1)
else:
# 有票,尝试预订
print('刷到票了(余票数:' + str(
current_tr.find_by_tag('td')[self.seat_type_index].text) + '),开始尝试预订……')
current_tr.find_by_css('td.no-br>a')[0].click()
sleep(1)
key_value = 1
for p in self.passengers:
if '()' in p:
p = p[:-1] + '学生' + p[-1:]
# 选择用户
print('开始选择用户……')
self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()
# 选择座位类型
print('开始选择席别……')
if self.seat_type_value != 0:
self.driver.find_by_xpath(
"//select[@id='seatType_" + str(key_value) + "']/option[@value='" + str(
self.seat_type_value) + "']").first.click()
key_value += 1
sleep(0.2)
if p[-1] == ')':
self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()
print('正在提交订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
sleep(2)
# 查看放回结果是否正常
submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id('orderResultInfo_id')[0].text
if submit_false_info != '':
print(submit_false_info)
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_closeTranforDialog_id').click()
sleep(0.2)
self.driver.find_by_id('preStep_id').click()
sleep(0.3)
continue
print('正在确认订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
print('预订成功,请及时前往支付……')
# 发送通知信息
self.send_mail(self.receiver_email, '恭喜您,抢到票了,请及时前往12306支付订单!')
self.send_sms(self.receiver_mobile, '您的验证码是:1230。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。')
else:
print('不存在当前车次【%s】,已结束当前刷票,请重新开启!' % self.number)
sys.exit(1)
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
# 跳转到抢票页面
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
"""发送手机通知短信,用的是-互亿无线-的测试短信"""
host = "106.ihuyi.com"
sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
account = "C59782899"
pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
params = parse.urlencode(
{'account': account, 'password': pass_word, 'content': sms_info, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'}
)
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
response_str = response.read()
conn.close()
return response_str
def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
"""发送邮件通知"""
# 连接邮箱服务器信息
host = 'smtp.163.com'
port = 25
sender = '[email protected]' # 你的发件邮箱号码
pwd = '******' # 不是登陆密码,是客户端授权密码
# 发件信息
receiver = receiver_address
body = '温馨提醒:
' + content + '
'
msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8")
msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知!'
msg['from'] = sender
msg['to'] = receiver
s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# 开始登陆邮箱,并发送邮件
s.login(sender, pwd)
s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 乘客姓名
passengers_input = input(
'请输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”,如果学生的话输入“王五()”):')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
while passengers_input == '' or len(passengers) > 4:
print('乘车人最少1位,最多4位!')
passengers_input = input('请重新输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”):')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
# 乘车日期
from_time = input('请输入乘车日期(例如“2018-08-08”):')
date_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$')
while from_time == '' or re.findall(date_pattern, from_time) == []:
from_time = input('乘车日期不能为空或者时间格式不正确,请重新输入:')
# 城市cookie字典
city_list = {
'lz':'%u5170%u5DDE%2CLZJ',#兰州
'zz':'%u90D1%u5DDE%2CZZF',#郑州
'pds':'%u5E73%u9876%u5C71%2CPEN',#平顶山
'wh':'%u829C%u6E56%2CWHH',#芜湖
}
# 出发站
from_input = input('请输入出发站,只需要输入首字母就行:')
while from_input not in city_list.keys():
from_input = input('出发站不能为空或不支持当前出发站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:')
from_station = city_list[from_input]
# 终点站
to_input = input('请输入终点站,只需要输入首字母就行:')
while to_input not in city_list.keys():
to_input = input('终点站不能为空或不支持当前终点站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:')
to_station = city_list[to_input]
# 车次编号
number = input('请输入车次号(例如“K1438”):')
while number == '':
number = input('车次号不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 座位类型
seat_type = input('请输入座位类型(例如“软卧”):')
while seat_type == '':
seat_type = input('座位类型不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 抢票成功,通知该手机号码
receiver_mobile = input('请预留一个手机号码,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:18888888888):')
mobile_pattern = re.compile(r'^1{1}\d{10}$')
while receiver_mobile == '' or re.findall(mobile_pattern, receiver_mobile) == []:
receiver_mobile = input('预留手机号码不能为空或者格式不正确,请重新输入:')
receiver_email = input('请预留一个邮箱,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:[email protected]):')
while receiver_email == '':
receiver_email = input('预留邮箱不能为空,请重新输入:')
# 开始抢票
ticket = BrushTicket(passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile,
receiver_email)
ticket.start_brush()
如若有各种问题,欢迎留言讨论!