计算机网络chapter5

 名词解释

路由(routing)

is the process of discovering network path

sits between (different) networks and forwards data packet between computer network

network layer

environment

a host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest router

the packet is stored and forwarded to the next router along the path until it 

connectionless service(无连接服务)

no advance setup is needed.  

connection-oriented service(面向链接服务)

VC(virtual circuit) 

routing algorithms

flooding:

distance vector routing:router has a table

problem:count-to-infinity problem 

link state routing:

congestion control

目的:为了一对一通信中保护接收方

traffic-aware routing

路由器要自己调节

会发生震荡

traffic throttling

load shedding

internetworking

各种网络的物理层和数据链路层不同

based on a common network layer——IP

internet protocol

特点:无连接,不可靠,最大努力

 ipv4 datagram

consist of a header and a body

header:20-byte fixed part and optional part

df:是否分组

mf:是否有下一个分组

fragment offset:距离头字节的距离,单位是8-byte(被分成8-byte的整数倍)

ip地址:主要是路由器的数据链路层用,在不同网络之间,基本不变

mac地址:在一个网络里用,不可跨越网络,主要在物理层中用

特殊的ip地址:

全是1:广播

全是0:表示自己

subnet子网

subnet mask子网掩码

aggregation聚合

把多个c类网络聚合,形成超网()

CIDR(classless inter-domain routing )

NAT(network address translation)

ICMP

状态检测,差错报告

ARP

作用:根据ip地址,查mac地址

DHCP动态主机配置协议

不需要人的参与,自动给计算机配置参数(前提:有dhcp服务器的存在)

internatwork routing

AS

IGP

EGP

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