iOS使用Rust调研

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跨平台使用调研
iOS使用Rust调研

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一、iOS 项目接入 Rust Library
约定:
iOS 项目目录 DemoApp
Rust Library:demo-library-ffi
1.1、Rust Library
将 Rust Library 代码 Clone 到 iOS 项目根目录下: DemoApp/demo-library-ffi;
修改 DemoApp/rust-library/Cargo.toml,将 Rust Library 修改为静态库
[lib]
crate-type = [“staticlib”]
在 DemoApp 目录下创建一个新的顶层 Cargo.toml 文件:
[workspace]
members = [
“demo-library-ffi”
]
现在可以直接使用 cargo build 来生成 rust 静态库了:
DemoApp/target/debug/demo-library-ffi.a
1.2、iOS Project
1.2.1
打开 Xcode target configuration → Build Phases → Link Binary with Libraries 选项卡,选择 Add files,将前面生成的 DemoApp/target/debug/demo-library-ffi.a 文件添加进去;
是的,这个不是最终我们需要的正确静态库文件,因为它只有当前打包机器的架构,不要紧,我们会在下面步骤中修复它;
1.2.2
用文本编辑器打开 project.pbxproj,搜索并替换 Debug 和 Release 两处 LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS
LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS = (
( i n h e r i t e d ) " , " (inherited)", " (inherited)","(PROJECT_DIR)/target/debug”,
);
Debug 替换为:
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphoneos*][arch=arm64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / a a r c h 64 − a p p l e − i o s / d e b u g " ; " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e s i m u l a t o r ∗ ] [ a r c h = a r m 64 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios/debug"; "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=arm64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/aarch64appleios/debug";"LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator][arch=arm64]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios-sim/debug”;
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=x86_64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / x 8 6 6 4 − a p p l e − i o s / d e b u g " ; R e l e a s e 替换为: " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e o s ∗ ] [ a r c h = a r m 64 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/x86_64-apple-ios/debug"; Release 替换为: "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphoneos*][arch=arm64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/x8664appleios/debug";Release替换为:"LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphoneos][arch=arm64]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios/release”;
“LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=arm64]” = “ ( P R O J E C T D I R ) / t a r g e t / a a r c h 64 − a p p l e − i o s − s i m / r e l e a s e " ; " L I B R A R Y S E A R C H P A T H S [ s d k = i p h o n e s i m u l a t o r ∗ ] [ a r c h = x 8 6 6 4 ] " = " (PROJECT_DIR)/target/aarch64-apple-ios-sim/release"; "LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator*][arch=x86_64]" = " (PROJECTDIR)/target/aarch64appleiossim/release";"LIBRARYSEARCHPATHS[sdk=iphonesimulator][arch=x8664]"="(PROJECT_DIR)/target/x86_64-apple-ios/release”;
1.2.3
再次打开 Build Phases 选项卡,添加一个 Script,并移动到 Compile Sources 上方,可以命名为: Build Rust library :
bash ${PROJECT_DIR}/bin/compile-rust-lib.sh demo-library-ffi $RUSTBUILDCONF
第二个参数 RUSTBUILDCONF是传递给脚本的环境变量,我们先定义它们:
打开 Build Settings 选项卡,点击 + 添加 User-Defined Setting,为其命名 RUSTBUILDCONF 并根据构建变量选择一个值:Debug 中填写 DEBUG,Release 中填写 RELEASE。
1.2.4
构建脚本 bin/compile-rust-lib.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

if [ “$#” -ne 2 ]
then
echo “Usage (note: only call inside xcode!):”
echo “compile-rust-lib.sh
exit 1
fi

what to pass to cargo build -p, e.g. rust_lib_ffi

FFI_TARGET=$1

RUSTBUILDCONF from our xcconfigs

RUSTBUILDCONF=$2

RELFLAG=
if [[ “$RUSTBUILDCONF” != “DEBUG” ]]; then
RELFLAG=–release
fi

set -euvx

if [[ -n “${DEVELOPER_SDK_DIR:-}” ]]; then

Assume we’re in Xcode, which means we’re probably cross-compiling.

In this case, we need to add an extra library search path for build scripts and proc-macros,

which run on the host instead of the target.

(macOS Big Sur does not have linkable libraries in /usr/lib/.)

export LIBRARY_PATH=“ D E V E L O P E R S D K D I R / M a c O S X . s d k / u s r / l i b : {DEVELOPER_SDK_DIR}/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib: DEVELOPERSDKDIR/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib:{LIBRARY_PATH:-}”
fi

IS_SIMULATOR=0
if [ “${LLVM_TARGET_TRIPLE_SUFFIX-}” = “-simulator” ]; then
IS_SIMULATOR=1
fi

for arch in A R C H S ; d o c a s e " ARCHS; do case " ARCHS;docase"arch" in
x86_64)
if [ $IS_SIMULATOR -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Building for x86_64, but not a simulator build. What’s going on?” >&2
exit 2
fi

  # Intel iOS simulator
  export CFLAGS_x86_64_apple_ios="-target x86_64-apple-ios"
  $HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target x86_64-apple-ios
  ;;

arm64)
  if [ $IS_SIMULATOR -eq 0 ]; then
    # Hardware iOS targets
    $HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target aarch64-apple-ios
  else
    $HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo build -p $FFI_TARGET --lib $RELFLAG --target aarch64-apple-ios-sim
  fi

esac
done
二、问题调研

  1. Rust访问网络是否需要原生语言的干预?需支持协议如:gRPC/RESTful/WebSocket/UDP
    Rust 可以直接访问网络,并不需要原生语言的干预
  2. Rust与原生语言的协作方式,FFI/JNI or 其他?
    FFI
    cbindgen
    rsbind
  3. 如何接收Rust发起的回调?
    使用函数指针,可以参考这个人的代码:​https://github.com/thombles/dw2019rust/blob/master/modules/07%20-%20Swift%20callbacks.md
    或者使用 rsbind
  4. Rust是否可以直接访问本地(图片/文件)/沙箱文件?
    ​https://docs.rs/cacao/latest/cacao/index.html
  5. Rust是否可以直接访问本地数据库?本地支持哪些常用数据库并且Rust有相应的封装?
    可以直接使用 sqlite,如果要用 CoreData,需要通过 FFI
  6. 构建时各平台的构建步骤以及命令
    参考 1.2.4
    或者使用 rsbind
  7. Android/iOS端异常调用栈的分析方法,是否有工具/框架可以配合
  8. 打包后包大小的变化
    1.网络
    方案1: reqwest, 关闭bitcode的情况下,包增加7.6MB

2.数据库
方案1:rusqlite, 关闭bitcode的情况下,包增加3.6MB

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