Spring MVC 异步测试

从spring3.2开始,支持servlet3的异步请求,这对于处理耗时的请求如缓慢的数据库查询是非常有好处的,不至于很快的耗光servlet的线程池,影响可扩展性。
让我们先来了解一下servlet是怎么处理异步操作的:

  1. 通过调用request.startAsync(),ServletRequest就变成异步模式。主要的影响是Servlet、Filter会退出,但是Response保持打开用来完成请求处理。
  2. 调用request.startAsync()返回AsyncContext实例,可进一步控制异步处理。例如,它提供dispatch方法,可 以从应用线程调用以分发请求回Servlet容器。异步调度和forward的方式是相似的,但是异步调度是由应用线程到Servlet容器线程产生的, 而forward的方式是同时发生在相同的Servlet容器线程。
  3. ServletRequest提供当前的DispatcherType,它可以用来在异步调度中区分正在处理的初始请求线程是Servlet还是Filter。

接着来看一下callable是怎么处理异步操作的:

  1. Controller返回一个Callable实例;
  2. Spring MVC开始异步处理并在一个单独的线程中,提交Callable实例给TaskExecutor处理;
  3. DispatcherServlet和所有的Filter退出请求线程但是response保存打开;
  4. Callable返回结果,Spring MVC分发请求回Servlet容器;
  5. DispatcherServlet重新调用并继续处理从Callable实例中异步返回的结果。

现在来看一下代码是怎么实现的

1、pom.xml

<dependency>

    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

    <version>3.1.0</version>

</dependency>

 

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>

    <version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

 

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

    <version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

 

 

2、applicationContext-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"

       xsi:schemaLocation="

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

       ">

 

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test"/>

 

    <mvc:annotation-driven>

        <!-- 配置超时时间 -->

        <mvc:async-support default-timeout="3000">

            <!-- 这里可以配置callable或者deferred-result拦截器 -->

        </mvc:async-support>

    </mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

3、web.xml  , 当有 很多 filter 时,filter 也一定要添加异步支持

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app

        xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"

        version="3.0">

     

    <filter>

        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

        <async-supported>true</async-supported>

        <init-param>

            <param-name>encoding</param-name>

            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

        </init-param>

        <init-param>

            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>

            <param-value>true</param-value>

        </init-param>

    </filter>



    <filter-mapping>

        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

    </filter-mapping>



    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>

        </init-param>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

        <async-supported>true</async-supported>

    </servlet>

 

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

 

 

web.xml需要声明web-app_3_0.xsdversion=”3.0″,启用异步支持<async-supported>true</async-supported>
4、CallableController.java

package com.test.controller;

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

 

/**

 * spring实现方式:

 *  1、把任务提交给Executor异步执行

 */

@Controller

public class CallableController {

 

    @RequestMapping(value = "/callable1", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public Callable<String> callable1(final ModelMap modelMap) {

        return new Callable<String>() {

            public String call() throws Exception {

                Thread.sleep(2 * 1000L); //暂停2秒return "hello callable";

            }

        };

    } 

}

 

5,tomcat 部分,如果 tomcat 部署有 session  分页式缓存插件,则在插件配置的地方,也要添加异步支持:

  

    <!-- redis 缓存支持  --> 
<Valve className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionHandlerValve" asyncSupported="true" /> <Manager className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionManager" host="localhost" port="6379" database="0" maxInactiveInterval="60" />

 

6, 启动服务,测试:

 http://localhost:8088/test/callable1

 
  

7, rsp:

    hello callable

 

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