yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码

yolo训练时可使用的数据集格式为yolo格式以及voc格式, voc格式的数据集在训练时需要先转换为yolo格式,然后根据自己的数据集的位置更改yaml配置文件的文件路径即可。基于目前对Yolo系列训练模型的讲解已经很全面,所以本文主要讲解yolo数据集与voc数据集之间的转换。

两种数据集形式的最大区别就是yolo是直接采用txt文件保存模型的labels标签,如下图,每一行都代表着该图像中的一个标签GT。yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码_第1张图片

而voc格式的标签是保存在Annotations目录下的xml文件当中,除此之外无差别。yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码_第2张图片

目前大部分数据集的保存都是以voc格式, 在我们训练yolo时需要将voc转换成yolo,说白了就是将基于xml的标签转换为txt保存的标签。

为了深刻理解数据转换的步骤,接下来以coco数据集(yolo格式)为例,实现yolo格式->voc格式->yolo格式的转换。

yolo格式->voc格式

coco数据集:

我们创建一个voc格式的文件目录:

yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码_第3张图片

Annotations:存放标签的xml文件

images: 数据集图片.jpg

imageSets: 存放分好的数据集: 训练集,验证集,测试集。

labels: 给yolo模型训练的标签(txt格式)

设置好文件路径:

        # coco数据集路径
        pre_pic = "../coco128/images/train2017/"
        txtPath = "../coco128/labels/train2017/"
        # 新voc数据集保存路径
        xmlPath = "../my_datasets/Annotations/"  # xml标签
        after_pic = "../my_datasets/images/"  # 训练集图片

 实现yolo->voc的转换:

        # 将标签转换为xml格式
        makexml(pre_pic, txtPath, xmlPath)
def makexml(picPath, txtPath, xmlPath):
    """
        此函数用于将yolo格式txt标注文件转换为voc格式xml标注文件
    Args:
        picPath:   图片所在路径
        txtPath:   txt格式labels标签
        xmlPath:   xml文件保存路径
    Returns:
    """
    dic = config["names"]  # 数据集类别字典
    files = os.listdir(txtPath)
    for i, name in enumerate(files):
        xmlBuilder = Document()
        annotation = xmlBuilder.createElement("annotation")  # 创建annotation标签
        xmlBuilder.appendChild(annotation)
        txtFile = open(txtPath + name)
        txtList = txtFile.readlines()
        img = cv2.imread(picPath + name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
        Pheight, Pwidth, Pdepth = img.shape

        folder = xmlBuilder.createElement("folder")  # folder标签
        foldercontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("driving_annotation_dataset")
        folder.appendChild(foldercontent)
        annotation.appendChild(folder)  # folder标签结束

        filename = xmlBuilder.createElement("filename")  # filename标签
        filenamecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
        filename.appendChild(filenamecontent)
        annotation.appendChild(filename)  # filename标签结束

        size = xmlBuilder.createElement("size")  # size标签
        width = xmlBuilder.createElement("width")  # size子标签width
        widthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pwidth))
        width.appendChild(widthcontent)
        size.appendChild(width)  # size子标签width结束

        height = xmlBuilder.createElement("height")  # size子标签height
        heightcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pheight))
        height.appendChild(heightcontent)
        size.appendChild(height)  # size子标签height结束

        depth = xmlBuilder.createElement("depth")  # size子标签depth
        depthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pdepth))
        depth.appendChild(depthcontent)
        size.appendChild(depth)  # size子标签depth结束

        annotation.appendChild(size)  # size标签结束


        for j in txtList:
            oneline = j.strip().split(" ")
            object = xmlBuilder.createElement("object")  # object 标签
            picname = xmlBuilder.createElement("name")  # name标签
            namecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(dic[oneline[0] if type(oneline[0]) == int else int(oneline[0])])
            picname.appendChild(namecontent)
            object.appendChild(picname)  # name标签结束

            pose = xmlBuilder.createElement("pose")  # pose标签
            posecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("Unspecified")
            pose.appendChild(posecontent)
            object.appendChild(pose)  # pose标签结束

            truncated = xmlBuilder.createElement("truncated")  # truncated标签
            truncatedContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
            truncated.appendChild(truncatedContent)
            object.appendChild(truncated)  # truncated标签结束

            difficult = xmlBuilder.createElement("difficult")  # difficult标签
            difficultcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
            difficult.appendChild(difficultcontent)
            object.appendChild(difficult)  # difficult标签结束

            bndbox = xmlBuilder.createElement("bndbox")  # bndbox标签
            xmin = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmin")  # xmin标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) - (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
            xminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            xmin.appendChild(xminContent)

            bndbox.appendChild(xmin)  # xmin标签结束
            ymin = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymin")  # ymin标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) - (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
            yminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            ymin.appendChild(yminContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(ymin)  # ymin标签结束

            xmax = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmax")  # xmax标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) + (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
            xmaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            xmax.appendChild(xmaxContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(xmax)  # xmax标签结束

            ymax = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymax")  # ymax标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) + (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
            ymaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            ymax.appendChild(ymaxContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(ymax)  # ymax标签结束

            object.appendChild(bndbox)  # bndbox标签结束

            annotation.appendChild(object)  # object标签结束

        f = open(xmlPath + name[0:-4] + ".xml", 'w')
        xmlBuilder.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
        f.close()
    print("txt2xml ok!")

注意:xml文件中保存的是标签框的左上角点和右下角点的坐标。

数据集划分

为了让Yolo模型能读取到标签数据,我们需要将voc格式的xml标签转换为txt标签,并且需要对数据集进行划分:

def splitxml(trainval_percent, train_percent):
    """
    将数据集分为train,val,test, 并存放在'../my_datasets/ImageSets'这个路径当中
    Args:
        trainval_percent:  训练集和验证集的比例
        train_percent:  训练集比例
    Returns:
    """
    xmlfilepath = '../my_datasets/Annotations/'
    txtsavepath = '../my_datasets/ImageSets'
    total_xml = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)
    num = len(total_xml)
    list = range(num)
    tv = int(num * trainval_percent)
    tr = int(tv * train_percent)
    trainval = random.sample(list, tv)
    train = random.sample(trainval, tr)

    ftrainval = open(txtsavepath + '/trainval.txt', 'w')
    ftest = open(txtsavepath + '/test.txt', 'w')
    ftrain = open(txtsavepath + '/train.txt', 'w')
    fval = open(txtsavepath + '/val.txt', 'w')

    for i in list:
        name = total_xml[i][:-4] + '\n'
        if i in trainval:
            ftrainval.write(name)
            if i in train:
                ftrain.write(name)
            else:
                fval.write(name)
        else:
            ftest.write(name)

    ftrainval.close()
    ftrain.close()
    fval.close()
    ftest.close()
    print("split dataset_xml ok!")

这一步会在ImageSets目录下生成:yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码_第4张图片

这几个文件,文件里存放划分后数据集的文件名

voc格式 -> yolo格式

这里有个要注意的地方就是,xml文件里真实框的表示形式是对角点的坐标, Yolo格式标签的预测框表示形式为xywh(中心点坐标和预测框的长宽)并且需要做归一化。

    # 将xml格式数据转换为txt
    xml2yolo()
def xml2yolo():
    sets = ['train', 'test', 'val']
    classes = list(dic.values())
    for image_set in sets:
        # 先找labels文件夹如果不存在则创建
        if not os.path.exists('../my_datasets/labels/'):
            os.makedirs('../my_datasets/labels/')
        image_ids = open('../my_datasets/ImageSets/%s.txt' % (image_set)).read().strip().split()
        list_file = open('../my_datasets/%s.txt' % (image_set), 'w')
        # 将对应的文件_id以及全路径写进去并换行
        for image_id in image_ids:
            list_file.write('my_datasets/images/%s.jpg\n' % (image_id))
            convert_annotation(image_id, classes)
        # 关闭文件
        list_file.close()
    print("xml2txt ok!")

def convert_annotation(image_id, classes):
    # 对应的通过year 找到相应的文件夹,并且打开相应image_id的xml文件,其对应bund文件
    # print('my_datasets/Annotations/%s.xml' % (image_id))
    in_file = open('../my_datasets/Annotations/%s.xml' % (image_id), encoding='utf-8')
    # 准备在对应的image_id 中写入对应的label,分别为
    #     
    out_file = open('../my_datasets/labels/%s.txt' % (image_id), 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    # 解析xml文件
    tree = ET.parse(in_file)
    # 获得对应的键值对
    root = tree.getroot()
    # 获得图片的尺寸大小
    size = root.find('size')
    # 如果xml内的标记为空,增加判断条件
    if size != None:
        # 获得宽
        w = int(size.find('width').text)
        # 获得高
        h = int(size.find('height').text)
        # 遍历目标obj
        for obj in root.iter('object'):
            # 获得difficult ??
            difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
            # 获得类别 =string 类型
            cls = obj.find('name').text
            # 如果类别不是对应在我们预定好的class文件中,或difficult==1则跳过
            # if cls not in classes or int(difficult) == 1:
            #     continue
            # 通过类别名称找到id
            cls_id = classes.index(cls)
            # 找到bndbox 对象
            xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
            # 获取对应的bndbox的数组 = ['xmin','xmax','ymin','ymax']
            b = (float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text), float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text), float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text),
                 float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text))
            # print(image_id, cls, b)
            # 带入进行归一化操作
            # w = 宽, h = 高, b= bndbox的数组 = ['xmin','xmax','ymin','ymax']
            bb = convert((w, h), b)
            # bb 对应的是归一化后的(x,y,w,h)
            # 生成 calss x y w h 在label文件中
            out_file.write(str(cls_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in bb]) + '\n')

# 进行归一化操作
def convert(size, box):  # size:(原图w,原图h) , box:(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax)
    dw = 1. / size[0]  # 1/w
    dh = 1. / size[1]  # 1/h
    x = (box[0] + box[1]) / 2.0  # 物体在图中的中心点x坐标
    y = (box[2] + box[3]) / 2.0  # 物体在图中的中心点y坐标
    w = box[1] - box[0]  # 物体实际像素宽度
    h = box[3] - box[2]  # 物体实际像素高度
    x = x * dw  # 物体中心点x的坐标比(相当于 x/原图w)
    w = w * dw  # 物体宽度的宽度比(相当于 w/原图w)
    y = y * dh  # 物体中心点y的坐标比(相当于 y/原图h)
    h = h * dh  # 物体宽度的宽度比(相当于 h/原图h)
    return (x, y, w, h)  # 返回 相对于原图的物体中心点的x坐标比,y坐标比,宽度比,高度比,取值范围[0-1]

执行完代码后会在数据集目录下生成yolov8-制作数据集,数据集格式转换(yolo格式-voc格式)附完整代码_第5张图片

 test,train,val三个txt文件,里面存放着各数据集的路径, 训练模型时只需要将这三个txt文件的路径写入my_datasets.yaml里,然后让Yolo模型读取这个yaml文件即可。

完整代码:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# xml解析包
from xml.dom.minidom import Document
import os
import cv2
import random
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import yaml
import shutil

# 将数据转换为xml格式
def makexml(picPath, txtPath, xmlPath):
    """
        此函数用于将yolo格式txt标注文件转换为voc格式xml标注文件
    Args:
        picPath:   图片所在路径
        txtPath:   txt格式labels标签
        xmlPath:   xml文件保存路径
    Returns:
    """
    dic = config["names"]  # 数据集类别字典
    files = os.listdir(txtPath)
    for i, name in enumerate(files):
        xmlBuilder = Document()
        annotation = xmlBuilder.createElement("annotation")  # 创建annotation标签
        xmlBuilder.appendChild(annotation)
        txtFile = open(txtPath + name)
        txtList = txtFile.readlines()
        img = cv2.imread(picPath + name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
        Pheight, Pwidth, Pdepth = img.shape

        folder = xmlBuilder.createElement("folder")  # folder标签
        foldercontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("driving_annotation_dataset")
        folder.appendChild(foldercontent)
        annotation.appendChild(folder)  # folder标签结束

        filename = xmlBuilder.createElement("filename")  # filename标签
        filenamecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
        filename.appendChild(filenamecontent)
        annotation.appendChild(filename)  # filename标签结束

        size = xmlBuilder.createElement("size")  # size标签
        width = xmlBuilder.createElement("width")  # size子标签width
        widthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pwidth))
        width.appendChild(widthcontent)
        size.appendChild(width)  # size子标签width结束

        height = xmlBuilder.createElement("height")  # size子标签height
        heightcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pheight))
        height.appendChild(heightcontent)
        size.appendChild(height)  # size子标签height结束

        depth = xmlBuilder.createElement("depth")  # size子标签depth
        depthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pdepth))
        depth.appendChild(depthcontent)
        size.appendChild(depth)  # size子标签depth结束

        annotation.appendChild(size)  # size标签结束


        for j in txtList:
            oneline = j.strip().split(" ")
            object = xmlBuilder.createElement("object")  # object 标签
            picname = xmlBuilder.createElement("name")  # name标签
            namecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(dic[oneline[0] if type(oneline[0]) == int else int(oneline[0])])
            picname.appendChild(namecontent)
            object.appendChild(picname)  # name标签结束

            pose = xmlBuilder.createElement("pose")  # pose标签
            posecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("Unspecified")
            pose.appendChild(posecontent)
            object.appendChild(pose)  # pose标签结束

            truncated = xmlBuilder.createElement("truncated")  # truncated标签
            truncatedContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
            truncated.appendChild(truncatedContent)
            object.appendChild(truncated)  # truncated标签结束

            difficult = xmlBuilder.createElement("difficult")  # difficult标签
            difficultcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
            difficult.appendChild(difficultcontent)
            object.appendChild(difficult)  # difficult标签结束

            bndbox = xmlBuilder.createElement("bndbox")  # bndbox标签
            xmin = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmin")  # xmin标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) - (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
            xminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            xmin.appendChild(xminContent)

            bndbox.appendChild(xmin)  # xmin标签结束
            ymin = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymin")  # ymin标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) - (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
            yminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            ymin.appendChild(yminContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(ymin)  # ymin标签结束

            xmax = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmax")  # xmax标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) + (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
            xmaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            xmax.appendChild(xmaxContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(xmax)  # xmax标签结束

            ymax = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymax")  # ymax标签
            mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) + (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
            ymaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
            ymax.appendChild(ymaxContent)
            bndbox.appendChild(ymax)  # ymax标签结束

            object.appendChild(bndbox)  # bndbox标签结束

            annotation.appendChild(object)  # object标签结束

        f = open(xmlPath + name[0:-4] + ".xml", 'w')
        xmlBuilder.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
        f.close()
    print("txt2xml ok!")


def moveimage(pre_path, after_path):
    path_dir = os.listdir(pre_path)
    for file in path_dir:
        shutil.copy(pre_path + file, after_path)


# 将数据集分为train,val,test
def splitxml(trainval_percent, train_percent):
    """
    将数据集分为train,val,test, 并存放在'../my_datasets/ImageSets'这个路径当中
    Args:
        trainval_percent:  训练集和验证集的比例
        train_percent:  训练集比例
    Returns:
    """
    xmlfilepath = '../my_datasets/Annotations/'
    txtsavepath = '../my_datasets/ImageSets'
    total_xml = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)
    num = len(total_xml)
    list = range(num)
    tv = int(num * trainval_percent)
    tr = int(tv * train_percent)
    trainval = random.sample(list, tv)
    train = random.sample(trainval, tr)

    ftrainval = open(txtsavepath + '/trainval.txt', 'w')
    ftest = open(txtsavepath + '/test.txt', 'w')
    ftrain = open(txtsavepath + '/train.txt', 'w')
    fval = open(txtsavepath + '/val.txt', 'w')

    for i in list:
        name = total_xml[i][:-4] + '\n'
        if i in trainval:
            ftrainval.write(name)
            if i in train:
                ftrain.write(name)
            else:
                fval.write(name)
        else:
            ftest.write(name)

    ftrainval.close()
    ftrain.close()
    fval.close()
    ftest.close()
    print("split dataset_xml ok!")

def xml2yolo():
    sets = ['train', 'test', 'val']
    classes = list(dic.values())
    for image_set in sets:
        # 先找labels文件夹如果不存在则创建
        if not os.path.exists('../my_datasets/labels/'):
            os.makedirs('../my_datasets/labels/')
        image_ids = open('../my_datasets/ImageSets/%s.txt' % (image_set)).read().strip().split()
        list_file = open('../my_datasets/%s.txt' % (image_set), 'w')
        # 将对应的文件_id以及全路径写进去并换行
        for image_id in image_ids:
            list_file.write('my_datasets/images/%s.jpg\n' % (image_id))
            convert_annotation(image_id, classes)
        # 关闭文件
        list_file.close()
    print("xml2txt ok!")

def convert_annotation(image_id, classes):
    # 找到相应的文件夹,并且打开相应image_id的xml文件
    # print('my_datasets/Annotations/%s.xml' % (image_id))
    in_file = open('../my_datasets/Annotations/%s.xml' % (image_id), encoding='utf-8')
    # 准备在对应的image_id 中写入对应的label,分别为
    #     
    out_file = open('../my_datasets/labels/%s.txt' % (image_id), 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    # 解析xml文件
    tree = ET.parse(in_file)
    # 获得对应的键值对
    root = tree.getroot()
    # 获得图片的尺寸大小
    size = root.find('size')
    # 如果xml内的标记为空,增加判断条件
    if size != None:
        # 获得宽
        w = int(size.find('width').text)
        # 获得高
        h = int(size.find('height').text)
        # 遍历目标obj
        for obj in root.iter('object'):
            # 获得difficult ??
            difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
            # 获得类别 =string 类型
            cls = obj.find('name').text
            # 如果类别不是对应在我们预定好的class文件中,或difficult==1则跳过(一般用不到)
            # if cls not in classes or int(difficult) == 1:
            #     continue
            # 通过类别名称找到id
            cls_id = classes.index(cls)
            # 找到bndbox 对象
            xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
            # 获取对应的bndbox的数组 = ['xmin','xmax','ymin','ymax']
            b = (float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text), float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text), float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text),
                 float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text))
            # print(image_id, cls, b)
            # 带入进行归一化操作
            # w = 宽, h = 高, b= bndbox的数组 = ['xmin','xmax','ymin','ymax']
            bb = convert((w, h), b)
            # bb 对应的是归一化后的(x,y,w,h)
            # 生成 calss x y w h 在label文件中
            out_file.write(str(cls_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in bb]) + '\n')

# 进行归一化操作
def convert(size, box):  # size:(原图w,原图h) , box:(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax)
    dw = 1. / size[0]  # 1/w
    dh = 1. / size[1]  # 1/h
    x = (box[0] + box[1]) / 2.0  # 物体在图中的中心点x坐标
    y = (box[2] + box[3]) / 2.0  # 物体在图中的中心点y坐标
    w = box[1] - box[0]  # 物体实际像素宽度
    h = box[3] - box[2]  # 物体实际像素高度
    x = x * dw  # 物体中心点x的坐标比(相当于 x/原图w)
    w = w * dw  # 物体宽度的宽度比(相当于 w/原图w)
    y = y * dh  # 物体中心点y的坐标比(相当于 y/原图h)
    h = h * dh  # 物体宽度的宽度比(相当于 h/原图h)
    return (x, y, w, h)  # 返回 相对于原图的物体中心点的x坐标比,y坐标比,宽度比,高度比,取值范围[0-1]


config_file = "../my_datasets/my_datasets.yaml"
with open(config_file, "r") as file:
    config = yaml.safe_load(file)
dic = config["names"]  # 类别字典
if __name__ == "__main__":
    isyolo = True
    if isyolo:
        # Yolo格式数据路径
        # coco数据集路径
        pre_pic = "../coco128/images/train2017/"
        txtPath = "../coco128/labels/train2017/"
        # 新voc数据集保存路径
        xmlPath = "../my_datasets/Annotations/"  # xml标签
        after_pic = "../my_datasets/images/"  # 训练集图片
        # 将标签转换为xml格式
        makexml(pre_pic, txtPath, xmlPath)
        # 将图像移动到images中
        moveimage(pre_pic, after_pic)
    # 将数据集分为train,val,test
    splitxml(0.9, 0.9)
    # 将xml格式数据转换为txt
    xml2yolo()

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