Docker概述 、 部署Docker 、 Docker镜像 、 Docker基本命令

案例1:安装Docker

案例2:镜像基本操作

案例3:镜像与容器常用指令

1 案例1:安装Docker

1.1 问题

本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker:

准备两台虚拟机,IP为192.168.1.31和192.168.1.32

安装docker

关闭防火墙

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:配置yum源

1)配置IP(虚拟机配置静态ip)docker1和docker2主机同样操作

[root@localhost~]# echo docker1>/etc/hostname

[root@localhost~]# hostname docker1

[root@localhost~]# echo docker2>/etc/hostname

[root@localhost~]# hostname docker2

[root@docker1~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Generated by dracut initrd

DEVICE="eth0"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPV6INIT="no"

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"

NM_CONTROLLED="no"

TYPE="Ethernet"

BOOTPROTO="static"

IPADDR="192.168.1.31"

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.1.254

[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network

[root@docker2~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Generated by dracut initrd

DEVICE="eth0"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPV6INIT="no"

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"

NM_CONTROLLED="no"

TYPE="Ethernet"

BOOTPROTO="static"

IPADDR="192.168.1.32"

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.1.254

[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network

2)配置yum客户端,配置之前openstack的扩展源(RHEL7-extras.iso)即可(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)

[root@docker1]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo

...

[local_extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras

baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[root@docker2]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo

...

[local_extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras

baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

4)安装docker(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)

[root@docker1~]# yum-y install docker

[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart docker

[root@docker1~]# systemctl enable docker

[root@docker1~]# ifconfig//有docker0说明环境部署完成

docker0:flags=4099mtu1500

inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0

ether02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e  txqueuelen0(Ethernet)

RX packets0bytes0(0.0B)

RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0

TX packets0bytes0(0.0B)

TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0

[root@docker1~]# docker version//查看版本

[root@docker2~]# yum-y install docker

[root@docker2~]# systemctl restart docker

[root@docker2~]# systemctl enable docker

[root@docker2~]# ifconfig//有docker0说明环境部署完成

docker0:flags=4099mtu1500

inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0

ether02:42:53:82:b9:d4  txqueuelen0(Ethernet)

RX packets0bytes0(0.0B)

RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0

TX packets0bytes0(0.0B)

TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0

[root@docker2~]# docker version//查看版本

2 案例2:镜像基本操作

2.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作:

导入镜像

导出镜像

启动镜像

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:docker镜像

1)下载镜像

[root@docker1~]# docker pull docker.io/busybox

[root@docker1 bulid]# docker pull docker.io/busybox

Usingdefaulttag:latest

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox...

latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox

Digest:sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f

2)上传镜像

[root@docker1~]# docker push docker.io/busybox

3)查看镜像

[root@docker1~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID        CREATED            SIZE

docker.io/busybox    latest        d8233ab899d410days ago1.199MB

4)查找busybox镜像

[root@docker1~]# docker search docker.io/busybox

5)导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar

[root@docker1~]# docker save docker.io/busybox:latest-o busybox.tar

[root@docker1~]# ls

busybox.tar

6)导入镜像

[root@docker1~]# scp nginx.tar [email protected]:/root

[root@docker2~]# ls

nginx.tar

[root@docker2~]# docker load-i nginx.tar

3c816b4ead84:Loading layer58.47MB/58.47MB

787822cf1b17:Loading layer54.44MB/54.44MB

89decbdf7fb7:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB

Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest/3.584kB

[root@docker2~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

docker.io/nginx    latest              42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2M            e1ddd7948a1c4weeks ago1.163MB

7)删除镜像

[root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi  docker.io/nginx

Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest

Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c

Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c

Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45

Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313

步骤二:一次性导入多个镜像

[student@room9pc0104]$cd /linux-soft/04/

[student@room9pc0104]$ scp-rdocker/[email protected]:/root/

[root@docker1~]# cd docker

[root@docker1 docker]# ls

centos.tar  nginx.tar  redis.tar  registry.tar  ubuntu.tar

[root@docker1 docker]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

[root@docker1 docker]#foriin*;dodocker load-i $i;done

bcc97fbfc9e1:Loading layer208.2MB/208.2MB

Loaded image:docker.io/centos:latest208.2MB

Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest

a098f8909d23:Loading layer338.4kB/338.4kB

c3bc3362d4ff:Loading layer3.034MB/3.034MB

bf10d8534af6:Loading layer36.4MB/36.4MB

0949ce28adcc:Loading layer1.536kB/1.536kB

b1f287cac208:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB

Loaded image:docker.io/redis:latest/3.584kB

7bff100f35cb:Loading layer4.672MB/4.672MB

6b6e0aba7201:Loading layer1.587MB/1.587MB

18429e86e6ad:Loading layer20.08MB/20.08MB

7b33b7de3d52:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB

726e86b708de:Loading layer2.048kB/2.048kB

Loaded image:docker.io/registry:latest048 kB

adcb570ae9ac:Loading layer89.95MB/89.95MB

7604c8714555:Loading layer15.87kB/15.87kB

9e9d3c3a7458:Loading layer11.26kB/11.26kB

27a216ffe825:Loading layer3.072kB/3.072kB

Loaded image:docker.io/ubuntu:latest3.072kB

[root@docker1 docker]# docker images

导入多个镜像如图-1所示:

图-1

步骤三:启动镜像

1)启动centos镜像生成一个容器

启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么:

1、可以猜(如:/bin/bash、/bin/sh)

2、可以不加后面的命令,默认启动

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/centos /bin/bash

[root@7a652fc72a9f /]#ls /

anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usrvar

[root@7a652fc72a9f /]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo

CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm-rf C*

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo//在容器里面配置一个yum源

[local]

name=local

baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system

enable=1

gpgcheck=0

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum-y install net-tools//安装软件

[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit

exit

3 案例3:镜像与容器常用指令

3.1 问题

本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令:

镜像常用指令练习

容器常用指令练习

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:镜像常用命令

1)查看后台运行的容器

[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-d docker.io/nginx//启动nginx的镜像

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//查看后台运行的容器

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND                  CREATED            STATUS              PORTS              NAMES

81458156f6e8        docker.io/nginx"nginx -g 'daemon off"9seconds ago      Up8seconds80/tcp              pedantic_goldberg

2)只显示容器ID

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-q

81458156f6e8

3)显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-a

4)显示所有的容器ID

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-qa

81458156f6e8

3656f1978967

5)查看centos镜像历史(制作过程),如图-2所示:

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history docker.io/centos

图-2

7)删除镜像,启动容器时删除镜像会失败,先删除容器,再删除镜像

格式:docker rmi 镜像名

[root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi nginx//nginx为镜像名

Errorresponse from daemon:conflict:unable to remove repository reference"nginx"(must force)-container 81458156f6e8 is using its referenced image 42b4762643dc

//删除时报错


[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop81

81

[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm81

81

[root@docker2~]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx//删除nginx镜像

Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest

Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c

Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c

Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45

Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313

8)修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag  docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1

[root@docker2~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

docker.io/centos    latest              42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB

docker.io/cen    v1                  42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB

9)查看镜像的底层信息,如图-3所示:

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect docker.io/centos

图-3

10)修改镜像的标签

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag  docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images

REPOSITORY  TAG            IMAGE ID          CREATED          SIZE

docker.io/cen        v1            e934aafc22065months ago198.6MB

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi docker.io/centos//删除centos

[root@localhost~]# docker run-it centos

//启动的时候,因为是用标签标签启动的,所以会重新通过ID下载

[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-it docker.io/centos

Unable to find image'centos:latest'locally

Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/centos...

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos...

latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/centos

a02a4930cb5d:Pull complete

Digest:sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426

[root@b6c5f16461f5 /]#

[root@localhost~]# docker run-it docker.io/cen:v1

//通过新建的标签启动docker.io/cen:v1

步骤二:容器命令

1)关闭容器

命令:docker stop 容器ID

[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//0f为容器ID

0f

2)启动容器

[root@docker1 docker]# docker start 0f

0f

3)重启容器

[root@docker1 docker]# docker restart 0f

0f

4)删除容器

运行中删除不掉,先关闭容器

[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//删除失败

Errorresponse from daemon:You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c.Stop the container before attempting removal or use-f

[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//关闭容器

0f

[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//删除成功

0f

[root@docker1 docker]#

5)连接容器attach|exec

[root@docker1 docker]# docker attach  0f

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器关闭

CONTAINER ID  IMAGE  COMMAND  CREATED  STATUS  PORTS  NAMES

[root@docker1 docker]#  docker exec-it 0f /bin/bash

[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器不会关闭

CONTAINER ID  IMAGE        COMMAND        CREATED          STATUS          PORTS    NAMES

0b3c50284a1c  docker.io/centos"/bin/bash"15minutes ago  Up15minutes            tiny_lamarr

[root@docker1 docker]# docker top f7//查看容器进程列表

[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-itd docker.io/centos:latest

76e7577cff5d8a3ec877d3ea564fed2fb502bd4a0447705bec269a646d414d07

[root@docker1 docker]# ps

  PID TTY          TIME CMD

5552pts/000:00:00bash

6739pts/000:00:00ps

[root@docker1 docker]# docker exec-it76 /bin/bash

[root@76e7577cff5d /]# sleep50&

[1]30

[root@76e7577cff5d /]# exit

exit

[root@docker1 docker]# docker top76

UID                PID                PPID                C                  STIME              TTY                TIME                CMD

root67086691017:00pts/100:00:00            /bin/bash

UID    PID  PPID C  STIME     TTY         TIME      CMD

root27442729018:01pts/400:00:00  /bin/bash

6)过滤查看mac和ip地址

[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}'76

02:42:ac:11:00:04

[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'76

172.17.0.4

7)修改nginx的显示内容

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/nginx:latest

[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec-it56 /bin/bash

root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/

nginx:invalid option:"/usr/share/nginx/html/"//查找并显示结果

root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo  aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

//修改主页显示的内容

root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx-T

root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

aaa

8)过滤查看nginx的ip地址

[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'a6

172.17.0.3

[root@docker1 docker]# curl172.17.0.3

aaa

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