String, Int 和 Byte数组
1. Bytes & String
1.1 Bytes => String
Python:
byte_array = bytes([104, 101, 108, 108, 111])
s = byte_array.decode() # 默认utf-8
Golang:
byteArray := []byte{104, 101, 108, 108, 111}
s := string(byteArray)
1.2 String => Bytes
Python:
s = 'hello'
byte_array = s.encode() # 默认utf-8
byte_array = bytes(s, encoding='utf-8')
byte_array = b'hello'
Golang:
s := "hello"
byteArray := []byte(s)
1.3 Bytes => Hex
Python:
s = '中国'
byte_array = s.encode() # b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd'
hex_str = byte_array.hex() # 'e4b8ade59bbd'
byte_array1 = binascii.b2a_hex(byte_array) # b'e4b8ade59bbd'
byte_array = binascii.a2b_hex(byte_array1) # b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd'
Golang:
byteArray := []byte("中国")
hexStr := hex.EncodeToString(byteArray) // e4b8ade59bbd
1.4 Hex => Bytes
Python:
byte_array = bytes.fromhex(hex_str)
Golang:
byteArray, _ = hex.DecodeString(hexStr) // []byte{0xe4, 0xb8, 0xad, 0xe5, 0x9b, 0xbd}
1.5 字符串长度
Python: len(v): Return the length (the number of items) of an object
s = 'Hello, 世界'
len(s) # 9
len(s.encode()) # 13
Golang: len(v): Return the number of bytes in String, the number of elements in Slice
s := "Hello, 世界"
len(s) // 13
len([]byte(s)) // 13
len([]rune(s)) // 9
utf8.RuneCountInString(s) // 9
2. Int & String
2.1 Int => String
Python:
n = 10
s = str(n)
s = '{}'.format(n)
Golang:
n := 10
s := strconv.Itoa(n)
2.2 Int => String with base
Python:
# 16 进制
s = hex(n)
# 2 进制
s = bin(n)
Golang:
# 16 进制
s := strconv.FormatInt(int64(n), 16) // a
s := fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", n) // 0xa
# 2 进制
s := strconv.FormatInt(int64(n), 2) // 1010
s := fmt.Sprintf("0b%b", n) // 0b1010
2.3 String => Int
Python:
n = int('10')
n = int('0xa', 16)
n = int('a', 16)
n = int('0b1010', 2)
n = int('1010', 2)
Golang:
s = "10"
n, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
n, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64) // int64
s := "a"
n, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s, 16, 32) // int32
s := "1010"
n, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s, 2, 8) // int8
3. Int & Bytes
3.1 Int => Bytes
Python:
n = 1234
my_bytes = n.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder='little', signed=False) # b'\xd2\x04\x00\x00'
my_bytes = struct.pack(', n) # b'\xd2\x04\x00\x00'
pack 参数：
| 参数 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| > | 大端 |
| < | 小端 |
| B | uint8 |
| b | int8 |
| H | uint16 |
| h | int16 |
| I | uint32 |
| i | int32 |
| L | uint64 |
| l | int64 |
| s | ascii |
Golang:
n := 1234
bytesBuffer := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
binary.Write(bytesBuffer, binary.LittleEndian, int32(n)) // int32 => length=4
byte_array := bytesBuffer.Bytes() // d2040000
3.2 Bytes => Int
Python:
byte_array = b'\xd2\x04\x00\x00'
n = int.from_bytes(byte_array, byteorder='little', signed=False)
n = struct.unpack(', byte_array)[0]
Golang:
byteArray := []byte{0xd2, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00}
var n int32
bytesBuffer := bytes.NewBuffer(byteArray)
binary.Read(bytesBuffer, binary.LittleEndian, &n)
4. Zero bytes in Array
Python:
byte_array = b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd\x00\x00\x00\x00'
s = byte_array.decode() # '中国\x00\x00\x00\x00'
n = byte_array.find(b'\x00')
s = byte_array[:n].decode() # '中国'
Golang:
byteArray := []byte{0xe4, 0xb8, 0xad, 0xe5, 0x9b, 0xbd, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
n := bytes.IndexByte(byteArray[:], 0)
s := string(byteArray[:n]) // 中国