Retrofit源码学习

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1 基本使用

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_retrofit);
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                        .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
                        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                        .build();
                GithubService service = retrofit.create(GithubService.class);
                Call repos = service.listRepos("cg229836277");
                Response response = repos.execute();
                ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();
                String message = responseBody.string();
                MyLog.d(TAG, "message:" + message);

                Call userRepos = service.getUserInfo("cg229836277");
                Response userResponse = userRepos.execute();
                UserInfoBean userInfoBean = userResponse.body();
                String userName = userInfoBean.getName();
                MyLog.d(TAG, "userName:" + userName);
            } catch (Exception | Error e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }).start();
}

run方法中包裹的代码以空格为界,分为两部分,上半部分是返回的结果不解析,直接返回ResponseBody,拿到body string之后做其他处理;下半部分获取用户相关信息,由Gson解析序列化成UserInfoBean对象。

所有的接口定义在GithubService类中,如下:

public interface GithubService {
    @GET("users/{user}/repos")
    Call listRepos(@Path("user") String user);

    @GET("users/{user}")
    Call getUserInfo(@Path("user") String user);
}

2 源码查看

2.1 Retrofit.Builder

首先需要构建Retrofit,通过Retrofit.Builder类构建。

看看构建方法里面的几个方法。

2.1.1 client

public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {
    return callFactory(Objects.requireNonNull(client, "client == null"));
}

public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) {
    this.callFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "factory == null");
    return this;
}

这里将OkHttpClient设置为callFactory,因为OkHttpClient集成自Call.Factory,所以可以直接传递:

open class OkHttpClient internal constructor(
  builder: Builder
) : Cloneable, Call.Factory, WebSocket.Factory {

2.1.2 baseUrl

用于设置请求网址,比如https://api.github.com/是请求的基础url,后面还可以加很多请求query参数。

这个方法最终调用到:

public Builder baseUrl(HttpUrl baseUrl) {
  Objects.requireNonNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
  List pathSegments = baseUrl.pathSegments();
  if (!"".equals(pathSegments.get(pathSegments.size() - 1))) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseUrl must end in /: " + baseUrl);
  }
  this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
  return this;
}

在调用之前还调用了HttpUrl的get方法,将传递进来的URL或String地址,转成HttpUrl类型:

private HttpUrl(Builder builder) {
    this.scheme = builder.scheme;
    this.username = percentDecode(builder.encodedUsername, false);
    this.password = percentDecode(builder.encodedPassword, false);
    this.host = builder.host;
    this.port = builder.effectivePort();
    this.pathSegments = percentDecode(builder.encodedPathSegments, false);
    this.queryNamesAndValues = builder.encodedQueryNamesAndValues != null
        ? percentDecode(builder.encodedQueryNamesAndValues, true)
        : null;
    this.fragment = builder.encodedFragment != null
        ? percentDecode(builder.encodedFragment, false)
        : null;
    this.url = builder.toString();
}

get方法将你传入的url先做规范化处理,比如url开始和结束位置有空格等其他非法字符等,处理完毕之后,接着获取请求方式,http或https,请求host,端口等信息。

2.1.3 addConverterFactory

这个方法中,可以添加请求数据或返回数据的序列化类。比如开头的实例中,需要将返回的用户信息序列化成UserInfoBean类,可以通过这个方法添加GsonConverterFactory对象。

2.1.4 addCallAdapterFactory

添加请求处理类,比如RxJavaCallAdapterFactory,可以通过将他的对象传递到这个方法,引入对RxJava的支持。

2.1.5 build

public Retrofit build() {
  if (baseUrl == null) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
  }

  okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
  if (callFactory == null) {
    callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
  }

  Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
  if (callbackExecutor == null) {
    callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
  }

  // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
  List callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
  callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));

  // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
  List converterFactories =
      new ArrayList<>(
          1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());

  // Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
  // ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
  converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
  converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
  converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());

  return new Retrofit(
      callFactory,
      baseUrl,
      unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
      unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories),
      callbackExecutor,
      validateEagerly);
}
  • baseUrl,上层不设置baseUrl,会直接报错;
  • callFactory,上层不设置,默认设置OkHttpClient,如果自己自定义的话,可以添加一些自定的interceptor,这个是okhttp的一大特色;
  • callAdapterFactories,将上层添加的请求工厂类添加进来,另外还有平台自己默认的一个请求工厂类,在Platform类中定义,如下:
List defaultCallAdapterFactories(
  @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
    DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    return hasJava8Types
        ? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
        : singletonList(executorFactory);
}

这里hasJava8Types 在sdk版本大于等于24时,为true,这里将CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory和DefaultCallAdapterFactory一起放到一个List中然后返回,这里DefaultCallAdapterFactory持有传递过来的callbackExecutor对象。

  • converterFactories

用于存放请求参数或结果参数的序列化工具,初始化如下:

// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List converterFactories =
  new ArrayList<>(
      1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());

// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());

//retrofit\src\main\java\retrofit2\Platform.java
List defaultConverterFactories() {
    return hasJava8Types ? singletonList(OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE) : emptyList();
}

OptionalConverterFactory只有在Android sdk 版本大于等于24才添加。

BuiltInConverters为默认添加的转换类。

总结

最终build方法返回一个Retrofit对象,封装了上述参数。

return new Retrofit(
          callFactory,
          baseUrl,
          unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
          unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories),
          callbackExecutor,
          validateEagerly);

2.2 Retrofit.create

还是贴代码,然后分步骤分析:

public  T create(final Class service) {
    validateServiceInterface(service);
    return (T)
        Proxy.newProxyInstance(...);
}

上边create方法的参数里面,Class对象service对应文章开头的GithubService类的对象。

2.2.1 validateServiceInterface

用于检查传递过来的形参service是否合法,第一,必须是interface类型;第二,interface类型的类,不能限定类型,比如GithubService。以上两种情况下只要不满足就会抛出异常。

private void validateServiceInterface(Class service) {
    if (!service.isInterface()) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("API declarations must be interfaces.");
    }
    
    if (service.getTypeParameters().length != 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(message.toString());
    }
}

这个方法还涉及一个validateEagerly参数,在Retrofit.Builder中通过validateEagerly方法设置,如果设置为true之后,在这个方法中,就会接着解析interface里面的方法:

if (validateEagerly) {
  Platform platform = Platform.get();
  for (Method method : service.getDeclaredMethods()) {
    if (!platform.isDefaultMethod(method) && !Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
      loadServiceMethod(method);
    }
  }
}

isDefaultMethod表示当前方法是public且非abstract修饰的实例方法,也就是一个非static方法,有方法体,在interface里面定义。其实说的是java 8的新特性,在interface中,可以添加default修饰符到一个方法,这个方法可以有实现,可以避免当在interface中添加一个方法,所有实现都必须改动的问题。

A default method is a public non-abstract instance method, that is, a non-static method with a body, declared in an interface type.

validateEagerly为true时,会获取到service interface下所有定义的方法,并判断所有方法的类型,如果满足非static并且是default方法,就会调用loadServiceMethod方法,这个方法下一节分析。

2.3 调用interface中的方法

以文章开头demo中GithubService中的方法为例,通过GithubService service = retrofit.create(GithubService.class);获取了GithubService对象,接下来调用里面定义的API方法,具体调用在Retrofit.create方法中定义的内部类中实现:

return (T)
    Proxy.newProxyInstance(
        service.getClassLoader(),
        new Class[] {service},
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
          private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];

          @Override
          public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            args = args != null ? args : emptyArgs;
            return platform.isDefaultMethod(method)
                ? platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args)
                : loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args);
        }
    });

在InvocationHandler类中,调用最后在invoke方法里面:

  • proxy,Retrofit的代理对象;
  • method,GithubService中定义的方法;
  • args,方法中定义的参数,比如Call listRepos(@Path("user") String user);的参数就是user。

2.4 ServiceMethod和HttpServiceMethod

接下来判断是否是default修饰的方法,如果是,就直接调用,否则通过loadServiceMethod方法调用。

ServiceMethod

static  ServiceMethod parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
    RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);

    Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
    if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {}
    return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
}

通过这个方法可以拆分出很多细节,包括注解解析,返回类型解析等。最终这些属性被封装到ServiceMethod类中。

//Retrofit
ServiceMethod loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
    ServiceMethod result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
}
//ServiceMethod
static  ServiceMethod parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
    RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);
    
    return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
}
//RequestFactory
static RequestFactory parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
    return new Builder(retrofit, method).build();
}

RequestFactory build() {
    for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
        parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
    }
    
    int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
    parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler[parameterCount];
    for (int p = 0, lastParameter = parameterCount - 1; p < parameterCount; p++) {
        parameterHandlers[p] =
            parseParameter(p, parameterTypes[p], parameterAnnotationsArray[p], p == lastParameter);
    }
    
    return new RequestFactory(this);
}

上边的代码引申出了RequestFactory,这个类主要处理请求相关的参数。

2.4.1 RequestFactory

  • parseAnnotations

方法中通过建造者模式,构建了请求相关的诸多参数,这里只分析其中比较核心的参数。

  • parseMethodAnnotation

通过方法可以知道,这个方法主要解析方法的注解:

private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
  if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
  } else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
  } else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
  } else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
  } else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
  } else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
  } else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
  } else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
    HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
    parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
  } else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
    String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
    if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
      throw methodError(method, "@Headers annotation is empty.");
    }
    headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
  } else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
    if (isFormEncoded) {
      throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
    }
    isMultipart = true;
  } else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
    if (isMultipart) {
      throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
    }
    isFormEncoded = true;
  }
}

请求方法判断

if-else判断,从DELETE到OPTIONS都属于http的请求方法,参见:https://www.runoob.com/http/http-methods.html。

请求方法注解参数

@GET("users/{user}/repos")

以上述GET请求方法为例,parseHttpMethodAndPath方法解析出了users/{user}/repos这个地址,以及地址中的user参数。

private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
    this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
    this.hasBody = hasBody;
    this.relativeUrl = value;
    this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
}

relativeUrl对应地址,relativeUrlParamNames对应地址中的动态参数。

注解以HTTP开头

表示可以自定义请求,示例如下:

@HTTP(method = "GET", path = "users/{user}", hasBody = false)
Call getUserInfo1(@Path("user") String user);

注解以Headers开头

在http请求中添加请求头,如果一个项目中多个请求API都有相同的header字段,比如每个请求头中都有设备型号字段,设备的Android版本字段等,可以统一在OKHttpClient中添加Interceptor,而Interceptor中通过添加Request.Builder设置。这个OKHttpClient对象通过Retrofit.Builder中的client方法设置:

public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {}

注解包含Multipart

常见的 POST 数据提交的方式。使用表单上传文件时,必须让

表单的 enctype 等于 multipart/form-data。

请求头必须包含一个特殊的头信息:Content-Type,且其值必须是multipart/form-data,同时还要规定一个内容分隔符,用于分隔请求体中的多个POST内容。具体的头信息如下:
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=${bound}

https://imququ.com/post/four-ways-to-post-data-in-http.html

示例如下:

POST http://www.example.com HTTP/1.1
Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA

------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text"

title
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="chrome.png"
Content-Type: image/png

PNG ... content of chrome.png ...
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA--

主要用于上传文件。

注解包含FormUrlEncoded

其实是Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded,是post提交数据的一种方式,请求参数采用类似get的参数拼接方式。

application/x-www-form-urlencoded

  • post的默认请求

  • 需要把对象参数序列化为字符串参数

  • 参数采用类似get的参数拼接方式

  • 使用URIencode转码方式,转码会增加体积,适合短字节

  • 请求参数放在请求体里

  • 不在地址栏显示参数,安全性高

multipart/form-data

  • 不转码,适合传输长字节(如文件)

  • 请求参数放在请求体里

  • 不在地址栏显示参数,安全性高

  • parseParameter

解析注解地址中的参数。

private @Nullable ParameterHandler parseParameter(
        int p, Type parameterType, @Nullable Annotation[] annotations, boolean allowContinuation) {
    ParameterHandler result = null;
    if (annotations != null) {
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            ParameterHandler annotationAction =
            parseParameterAnnotation(p, parameterType, annotations, annotation);
            result = annotationAction;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

private ParameterHandler parseParameterAnnotation(
        int p, Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Annotation annotation) {
    if (annotation instanceof Url) {
        return new ParameterHandler.RelativeUrl(method, p);
    } else if (annotation instanceof Path) {
        Converter converter = retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
        return new ParameterHandler.Path<>(method, p, name, converter, path.encoded());
    } else if (annotation instanceof Query) {
        Converter converter = retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
        return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
    }
    ....
}

这里根据注解不同类型,返回不同类型的ParameterHandler,这个类的作用会在后面生成Request的时候,将API传递的参数值args替换到注解的地址或请求参数中。

例如ParameterHandler.Path会将注解中的{user}替换为cg229836277。

2.4.2 HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations

ServiceMethod的parseAnnotations方法中,最后调用了HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations方法返回,同时也作为loadServiceMethod的结果返回。同时也是demo中GithubService调用API返回的结果,是Call类型。

  • parseAnnotations
static  HttpServiceMethod parseAnnotations(
  Retrofit retrofit, Method method, RequestFactory requestFactory) {
    Type adapterType = method.getGenericReturnType();
    CallAdapter callAdapter =
        createCallAdapter(retrofit, method, adapterType, annotations);
    Type responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
    Converter responseConverter =
        createResponseConverter(retrofit, method, responseType);

    okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = retrofit.callFactory;
    return new CallAdapted<>(requestFactory, callFactory, responseConverter, callAdapter);
}

最中返回一个CallAdapted的对象。

  • createCallAdapter

创建了请求CallAdapter,从Retrofit的callAdapterFactories列表中取:

private static  CallAdapter createCallAdapter(
  Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    try {
      //noinspection unchecked
      return (CallAdapter) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) { 
    }
}

Retrofit

public CallAdapter callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
}

public CallAdapter nextCallAdapter(
  @Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }
}

Retrofit的callAdapterFactories中最开始添加的child是:

Platform

List defaultCallAdapterFactories(
  @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
    DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    return hasJava8Types
        ? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
        : singletonList(executorFactory);
}

CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory和DefaultCallAdapterFactory被添加进来。

根据返回的泛型数据类型以及注解,最终返回的是DefaultCallAdapterFactory。然后调用get方法,返回CallAdapter的对象。

public @Nullable CallAdapter get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit){
    return new CallAdapter>() {
        @Override
        public Type responseType() {
            return responseType;
        }
        
        @Override
        public Call adapt(Call call) {
            return executor == null ? call : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
        }
    };
}
 
 

这里的executor就是通过Retrofit.Builder中的callbackExecutor方法设置的。

  • createResponseConverter

HttpServiceMethod

private static  Converter createResponseConverter(
  Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type responseType) {
    return retrofit.responseBodyConverter(responseType, annotations);
}

同样的从Retrofit.Builder的build方法中初始化的几个Converter中确定:

Retrofit.Builder

List converterFactories =
      new ArrayList<>(
          1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());

  // Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
  // ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
  converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
  converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
  converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());

Retrofit

public  Converter nextResponseBodyConverter(
      @Nullable Converter.Factory skipPast, Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
    int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      Converter converter =
          converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
      if (converter != null) {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (Converter) converter;
      }
    }
}

这里选择BuiltInConverters,调用其responseBodyConverter方法,实际返回的是BufferingResponseBodyConverter。

如果我们需要序列化的话,选择的就是在Retrofit构建时通过addConverterFactory传递进来的GsonConverterFactory,这里实际返回的是GsonResponseBodyConverter。

  • callFactory

在Retrofit.Builder的build方法中,callFactory不设置的话,默认新建了一个OkHttpClient。

总结

HttpServiceMethod的parseAnnotations方法最后,将上述几个参数封装到CallAdapted返回。

2.4.3 HttpServiceMethod.invoke

这个方法中先将上一节生成的几个对象封装到Call,然后调用CallAdapted的adapt方法返回。

HttpServiceMethod

@Override
final @Nullable ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
    Call call = new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter);
    return adapt(call, args);
}

args中就是调用API方法传递过来的。

CallAdapted

@Override
protected ReturnT adapt(Call call, Object[] args) {
  return callAdapter.adapt(call);
}

上一节分析过,callAdapter实际是DefaultCallAdapterFactory中get方法返回的CallAdapter,这里调用adapt方法返回:

@Override
public Call adapt(Call call) {
    return executor == null ? call : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
}
 
 

分两种情况,依据是是否通过Retrofit.Bulider的callbackExecutor设置executor:

  • 不设置的话,为空,返回OkHttpCall;
  • 设置之后,返回ExecutorCallbackCall,同时封装了executor和OkHttpCall。

ExecutorCallbackCall

ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call delegate) {
  this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
  this.delegate = delegate;
}

这里的callbackExecutor就是Retrofit构建的时候传入的线程池对象。在下一步执行请求的时候可能会用到。

2.5 Call.execute

此处会在上一步返回的ExecutorCallbackCall中执行:

ExecutorCallbackCall

public Response execute() throws IOException {
  return delegate.execute();
}

delegate指向OkHttpCall,看看他的execute方法:

OkHttpCall

@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
    okhttp3.Call call;
    
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;
    
      call = getRawCall();
    }
    
    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }
    
    return parseResponse(call.execute());
}

private okhttp3.Call getRawCall() throws IOException {
    return rawCall = createRawCall();
}

private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
    okhttp3.Call call = callFactory.newCall(requestFactory.create(args));
    if (call == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
    }
    return call;
}
  • RequestFactory.create

RequestFactory

okhttp3.Request create(Object[] args) throws IOException {
    ParameterHandler[] handlers = (ParameterHandler[]) parameterHandlers;
    RequestBuilder requestBuilder =
        new RequestBuilder(
            httpMethod,
            baseUrl,
            relativeUrl,
            headers,
            contentType,
            hasBody,
            isFormEncoded,
            isMultipart);
            
    List argumentList = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount);
    for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) {
      argumentList.add(args[p]);
      handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]);
    }
    
    return requestBuilder.get().tag(Invocation.class, new Invocation(method, argumentList)).build();
}
 
 

通过API上边的注解获取了请求相关的属性信息,这里返回okhttp3.Request对象。

方法中的for循环,根据API调用时传递过来的参数,透过ParameterHandler对应到注解变量中,示例如下:

@GET("users/{user}")
Call getUserInfo(@Path("user") String user);

Path类型的注解最终调用到ParameterHandler.Path类中的apply方法,最终拼接的逻辑在RequestBuilder的addPathParam方法中:

RequestBuilder

void addPathParam(String name, String value, boolean encoded) {
    String replacement = canonicalizeForPath(value, encoded);
    String newRelativeUrl = relativeUrl.replace("{" + name + "}", replacement);
    if (PATH_TRAVERSAL.matcher(newRelativeUrl).matches()) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "@Path parameters shouldn't perform path traversal ('.' or '..'): " + value);
    }
    relativeUrl = newRelativeUrl;
}
  • 生成okhttp Request

首先通过RequestBuilder的get方法,将baseUrl和relativeUrl拼接起来,作为请求Url;

然后通过不同的contentType将对应的参数填充到RequestBody;

再将url,header,method,body封装到RequestBuilder返回;

最后调用RequestBuilder的build方法,将上述信息封装到okhttp3.Request中。

  • newCall

callFactory对应OkHttpClient,这里调用newCall之后,返回okhttp3.Call,然后调用execute方法返回结果。

2.6 结果解析

从OkHttpCall的execute方法最后一行开始:

@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
    return parseResponse(call.execute());
}

parseResponse方法做具体的解析工作:

Response parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException {
    ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body();
    rawResponse =
        rawResponse
        .newBuilder()
        .body(new NoContentResponseBody(rawBody.contentType(), rawBody.contentLength()))
        .build();
    int code = rawResponse.code();
    ...
    ExceptionCatchingResponseBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingResponseBody(rawBody);
    T body = responseConverter.convert(catchingBody);
    return Response.success(body, rawResponse);
}
  • 第一步获取Response.body,然后将Response中的code,headers等重新封装到Response中。
  • code小于200或大于300统一处理为报错;code等于204或205处理为成功,但是没有内容。
  • 处理成功的内容,需要根据最初Retrofit.Builder构建的时候传递的Converter将结果中的body序列化成API返回Call泛型限定的类型。

responseConverter通过构建OkHttpCall时传递过来。根据前面的分析,HttpServiceMethod.invoke构建了OkHttpCall,传递过来的responseConverter实际是BufferingResponseBodyConverter或自定义的转换类型。

针对返回Response类型的数据,使用BufferingResponseBodyConverter,将body封装到返回:

BufferingResponseBodyConverter.convert

Utils.buffer

static ResponseBody buffer(final ResponseBody body) throws IOException {
    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
    body.source().readAll(buffer);
    return ResponseBody.create(body.contentType(), body.contentLength(), buffer);
}

针对返回Response类型的数据,使用GsonResponseBodyConverter,将body序列化成T返回:

public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
    JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream());
    try {
      T result = adapter.read(jsonReader);
      return result;
    } finally {
      value.close();
    }
}

最后通过Response.success方法将返回的原始okhttp3.Response及body返回给调用者。

2.6.2 enqueue方法调用

另外根据OkHttpCall类提供的enqueue方法,可以换一种请求方式:

Call userRepos = service.getUserInfo1("cg229836277");
userRepos.enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
        UserInfoBean userInfoBean = response.body();
        String userName = userInfoBean.getName();
        Log.d(TAG, "userName:" + userName);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call call, Throwable t) {
        Log.d(TAG, "userName error:" + t);
    }
});

在Retrofit构建时调用callbackExecutor传递自定义的工作线程,可以直接在UI线程中调用,因为okhttp的enqueue方法会在自定义的工作线程中请求,而execute方法则不会。如果设置了线程池,会在DefaultCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall中调用:

@Override
public void enqueue(final Callback callback) {
  Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback == null");

  delegate.enqueue(
      new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, final Response response) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(
              () -> {
                if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
                  // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on
                  // cancellation.
                  callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
                } else {
                  callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
                }
              });
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, final Throwable t) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t));
        }
      });
}

3 总结

Retrofit总体看来就是使用了注解,简化了各种请求参数的填写。底层请求还是用的OkHttp。

另外上层提供了请求和结果处理的接口,使得这部分处理具有很大的灵活性,比如请求的时候可以通过addCallAdapterFactory方法添加RxJava。

另外需要注意的是,源码里面选择CallAdapter和Converter的方式,核心是下边两行代码:

//获取请求
CallAdapter adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
//获取转换
Converter converter =
          converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);

get方法在各自的转换类中实现,如果与方法的返回类型,及类型的泛型向匹配就返回对应的请求或转换类。

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