Python tkinter Canvas 设计功能齐全的画板程序

这是应用tkinter的Canvas控件设计的功能齐全的画板程序，
支持打开和保存文档，设置画笔颜色和粗细、背景颜色，以及文档属性等高级功能。
先放运行效果图：

代码中使用的图片等资源：pan.baidu.com/s/1GmHiMehYQvn-5Tx2_pAl9g?pwd=trbs
废话少说直接上代码：

"""使用tkinter的Canvas控件制作的画板程序, 支持新建、打开、编辑和保存文档。
A painter that made by tkinter in Python.It supports new, open, edit and save documents."""
import sys,os, pickle,json
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import tkinter.filedialog as dialog
import tkinter.messagebox as msgbox
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor
from copy import deepcopy
try:
    from PIL import ImageGrab
except:ImageGrab=None

_ver="1.5"

def _load_icon(window,filename):
    #为window加载图标
    for availble_path in sys.path+[os.path.split(__file__)[0]]:
        try:
            window.iconbitmap("%s\%s"%(availble_path,filename))
        except tk.TclError:pass

def onerror(err,msg='',parent=None):
            #显示错误消息
            msgbox.showinfo(type(err).__name__,
                            msg+str(err),parent=parent)

class ScrolledCanvas(tk.Canvas):
    """可滚动的画布,用法与默认的tkinter.Canvas完全相同。
继承自tkinter.Canvas类"""
    def __init__(self,master,**options):
        self.frame=tk.Frame(master)
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self,self.frame,**options)
        
        self.hscroll=ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame,orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,
                                   command=self.xview)
        self.vscroll=ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame,command=self.yview)
        self.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hscroll.set,
                               yscrollcommand=self.vscroll.set)
        self._show_widgets()
        self.bind("",self.adjustscrolls)
        self["scrollregion"]=(0,0,self["width"],self["height"])
    def _show_widgets(self,repack=False):
        if repack:self.pack_forget()
        self.vscroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT,fill=tk.Y)
        self.hscroll.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM,fill=tk.X)
        tk.Canvas.pack(self,side=tk.BOTTOM,expand=True,fill=tk.BOTH)
    def pack(self,**options):
        self.frame.pack(**options)
    def grid(self,**options):
        self.frame.grid(**options)
    def place(self,**options):
        self.frame.place(**options)
    def forget(self):
        self.frame.forget()

    def adjustscrolls(self,event):
        region=self["scrollregion"].split()
        width,height=(int(region[2]),
                      int(region[3]))
        if event.width>width:
            self.hscroll.pack_forget()
        else:self._show_widgets(repack=True)
        if event.height>height:
            self.vscroll.pack_forget()
        else:self._show_widgets(repack=True)

class DictFile(dict):
    def __init__(self,filename=None,mode='r',
                 encoding="utf-8",errors="strict",
                 error_callback=None):
        dict.__init__(self)
        self.filename=filename
        if not filename:return
        with open(filename,mode,encoding=encoding,errors=errors) as f:
            while True:
                try:
                    texts=f.readline().split(":")
                    if not texts[0]:break # 到文件结尾
                    if len(texts)>1:
                        self[texts[0]]=eval(texts[1],self)
                except Exception as err:
                    if error_callback:error_callback(err)
                    else:raise
    def save(self,filename=None,error_callback=None):
        if not filename:
            if not self.filename:return
            filename=self.filename
        try:
            with open(filename,'w',encoding="utf_8") as f:
                for key in self.keys():
                    f.write("{}:{}\n".format(key,repr(self[key])))
        except Exception as err:
            if error_callback:error_callback(err)
            else:raise

    def __iter__(self):
        return (key for key in dict.keys(self) if not key.startswith("__"))
    keys=__iter__
    @classmethod
    def fromdict(cls,dict,filename=None,*args,**kwargs):
        new=cls(*args,**kwargs)
        new.filename=filename
        for key in dict.keys():
            new[key]=dict[key]
        return new

class PropertyWindow(tk.Toplevel):
    #文档属性窗口
    def __init__(self,master):
        self.master_=master
        self.master=master.master
        self.init_window()
    def init_window(self):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self)
        self.title("文档属性")
        self.withdraw()
        _load_icon(self,filename="property.ico")
        self.focus_force()
        #self.resizable(width=False,height=False)
        # 当⽗窗⼝隐藏后，窗⼝也跟随⽗窗⼝隐藏
        self.transient(self.master)
        self.bind_all("",self.confirm)
        self.bind("",
                  lambda event:setattr(self.master_,'propertywindow',None))
        self.create_widgets()
        self.state('normal')
    def create_widgets(self):
        #创建控件
        size=tk.Frame(self)
        tk.Label(size,text="宽度(像素):").pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.width=tk.StringVar(self)
        bd=int(self.master_.cv["bd"]) or 2 #画布的边框宽度
        self.width.set(self.master_.data.get("width",
                                    self.master_.cv.winfo_width()-bd*2))
        ttk.Entry(size,textvariable=self.width,width=10).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        tk.Label(size,text="高度(像素):").pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.height=tk.StringVar(self)
        self.height.set(self.master_.data.get("height",
                                             self.master_.cv.winfo_height()-bd*2))
        ttk.Entry(size,textvariable=self.height,width=10).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        size.pack(fill=tk.X,pady=2)

        ttk.Separator(self).pack(fill=tk.X,pady=2)
        backcolor=tk.Frame(self)
        tk.Label(backcolor,text="背景颜色:").pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.backcolor=tk.StringVar(self)
        self.backcolor.set(self.master_.data.get("backcolor",''))
        ttk.Entry(backcolor,textvariable=self.backcolor).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(backcolor,text="...",width=2,
                   command=lambda:self.backcolor.set(
                       askcolor(master=self)[1] or self.backcolor.get())).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        backcolor.pack(fill=tk.X,pady=2)

        strokecolor=tk.Frame(self)
        tk.Label(strokecolor,text="画笔颜色:").pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.strokecolor=tk.StringVar(self)
        self.strokecolor.set(self.master_.data.get("strokecolor",''))
        ttk.Entry(strokecolor,textvariable=self.strokecolor).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(strokecolor,text="...",width=2,
                   command=lambda:self.strokecolor.set(
                       askcolor(master=self)[1] or self.strokecolor.get())).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        strokecolor.pack(fill=tk.X,pady=2)

        pensize=tk.Frame(self)
        tk.Label(pensize,text="画笔粗细(像素): ").pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.pensize=ttk.Spinbox(pensize,from_=1,to=1000,width=16)
        self.pensize.set(self.master_.data.get("pensize",1))
        self.pensize.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        pensize.pack(fill=tk.X,pady=2)

        self.setdefault=tk.IntVar(self)
        ttk.Checkbutton(self,text="设为默认值",variable=self.setdefault).pack(
            side=tk.LEFT,pady=2)

        buttons=tk.Frame(self)
        ttk.Button(buttons,text="确定",width=6,command=self.confirm).pack(
            side=tk.LEFT,padx=12)
        ttk.Button(buttons,text="取消",width=6,command=self.destroy).pack(
            side=tk.LEFT,padx=12)
        buttons.pack(side=tk.RIGHT,pady=2)
    def confirm(self,event=None):
        newproperty={}
        newproperty["width"]=int(self.width.get())
        newproperty["height"]=int(self.height.get())
        newproperty["backcolor"]=self.backcolor.get()
        newproperty["strokecolor"]=self.strokecolor.get()
        newproperty["pensize"]=int(self.pensize.get())
        self.master_.data.update(newproperty)
        self.master_.draw()
        self.master_.file_changed=True

        if self.setdefault.get():
            self.master_.config.update(newproperty)
            self.master_.config.save()
        self.destroy()

class Painter():
    instances=[]
    TITLE="画板 v"+_ver
    CONFIGFILE=os.getenv("userprofile")+"\.painter\config.cfg"
    #CONFIG:包含默认的工具栏位置,背景颜色,画笔颜色,画笔粗细
    CONFIG={"backcolor":"white","strokecolor":"black","pensize":1}
    FILETYPE=("vec矢量图文件 (*.vec)","*.vec")
    _FILETYPES=(FILETYPE,("pickle文件 (*.pkl;*.pickle)","*.pkl;*.pickle"),
                ("所有文件","*.*"))
    _SAVE_FILETYPES=(("vec矢量图文件 (*.vec)","*.vec"),
                    ("bmp图像 (*.bmp)","*.bmp"),
                    ("jpeg图像( *.jpg)","*.jpg"),
                    ("gif图像 (*.gif)","*.gif"),
                    ("png图像 (*.png)","*.png"))+_FILETYPES[1:]
    def __init__(self,master=None,filename=""):
        if master==None:
            self.master=tk.Tk()
            self.master.title(self.TITLE)
        else:self.master=master
        self.master.withdraw() # 暂时隐藏窗口,避免创建控件时窗口闪烁
        self.master.focus_force()
        _load_icon(self.master,filename="paint.ico")
        self.master.bind("",self.onkey)
        self.master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW",self.ask_for_save)
        self.file_changed=False
        self.propertywindow=None
        self.filename=filename
        Painter.instances.append(self)
        self.load_config()

        self.create_toolbar()
        self.create_canvas()
        self.create_menu()
        self.master.wm_deiconify() # wm_deiconfy恢复被隐藏的窗口
        if self.filename:
            self.openfile(self.filename)
        else:
            # self.data 存放数据
            self.data=DictFile()
            self.setdefault()
            self.draw()
    def load_config(self):
        #创建一个配置文件
        try:self.config=DictFile(self.CONFIGFILE)
        except:
            #配置文件不存在时
            try:
                try:os.mkdir(os.getenv("userprofile")+"\.painter")
                except FileExistsError:pass
                open(self.CONFIGFILE,'w')
            except OSError:
                self.config=DictFile.fromdict(self.CONFIG)
            else:
                self.config=DictFile(self.CONFIGFILE)
                self.config.update(self.CONFIG)
    def create_canvas(self):
        #创建画布
        self.cv=ScrolledCanvas(self.master,bg="white",
                          cursor="pencil",relief=tk.GROOVE)
        try:
            self.cv["cursor"]="@pencil.cur"
        except tk.TclError:self.cv["cursor"]="pencil"
        self.cv.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM,expand=True,fill=tk.BOTH)
        self.cv.bind("",self.mousedown)
        self.cv.bind("",self.paint)
        self.cv.bind("",self.mouseup)
        self.cv.bind("",
                     lambda event:self.editmenu.post(event.x_root,event.y_root))
    def create_menu(self):
        #创建菜单
        menu=tk.Menu(self.master)
        filemenu=tk.Menu(self.master,tearoff=False)
        filemenu.add_command(label="新建",
                             command=self.new,accelerator="Ctrl+N")
        filemenu.add_command(label="打开",
                             command=self.ask_for_open,accelerator="Ctrl+O")
        filemenu.add_command(label="保存",
                             command=self.save,accelerator="Ctrl+S")
        filemenu.add_command(label="另存为",command=self.save_as)
        filemenu.add_separator()
        filemenu.add_command(label="退出",command=self.ask_for_save)

        self.editmenu=tk.Menu(self.cv,tearoff=False)
        self.editmenu.add_command(label="撤销",state=tk.DISABLED,
                              command=self.undo)
        self.editmenu.add_command(label="清除",command=self.clear)
        self.editmenu.add_separator()
        self.editmenu.add_command(label="文档属性",
                              command=self.show_property_window)

        helpmenu=tk.Menu(self.master,tearoff=False)
        helpmenu.add_command(label="关于",command=self.about)

        menu.add_cascade(label="文件",menu=filemenu)
        menu.add_cascade(label="编辑",menu=self.editmenu)
        menu.add_cascade(label="帮助",menu=helpmenu)
        # 显示菜单
        self.master.config(menu=menu)

        
    def create_toolbar(self):
        #创建工具栏
        self.toolbar=tk.Frame(self.master,bg="gray92")
        self.toolbar.pack(
            side=self.config.get("toolbar",tk.BOTTOM),fill=tk.X)
        self.create_toolbutton(self.toolbar)
    def create_toolbutton(self,master):
        #创建工具栏按钮
        self.newbtn=ttk.Button(master,width=4,text="新建",command=self.new)
        self.newbtn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.openbtn=ttk.Button(master,width=4,text="打开",command=self.ask_for_open)
        self.openbtn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.savebtn=ttk.Button(master,width=4,text="保存",command=self.save)
        self.savebtn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.cleanbtn=ttk.Button(master,width=4,text="清除",command=self.clear)
        self.cleanbtn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.propertybtn=ttk.Button(master,width=8,text="文档属性",
                                    command=self.show_property_window)
        self.propertybtn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
# ------------------------Painter最核心的方法------------------------
    def mousedown(self,event):
        data=self.data["data"]
        data.append([])#开始新的一根线
        #将新绘制的点坐标附加在最近绘制的线末尾
        data[-1].append((event.x,event.y))
    def paint(self,event):
        data=self.data["data"]
        try:
            x=data[-1][-1][0];y=data[-1][-1][1]
            #在画布上创建新的线条
            self.cv.create_line(x,y,event.x,event.y,joinstyle=tk.ROUND,
                                width=self.data["pensize"],
                                capstyle=tk.ROUND,fill=self.data["strokecolor"])
            data[-1].append((event.x,event.y))
            self.file_changed=True
            self.editmenu.entryconfig(0,state=tk.NORMAL)
        except IndexError:pass
    def mouseup(self,event):
        try:
            if len(self.data["data"][-1])<=1:
                del self.data["data"][-1]
        except IndexError:pass
    def _clearcanvas(self):
        #清除画布
        self.cv.delete("all")
    def draw(self,data=None):
        #根据self.data的内容绘制图形
        if not data:data=self.data
        self._clearcanvas()
        self.config_canvas(data)
        for line in data["data"]:
            args=[]
            for dot in line:
                args.extend([dot[0],dot[1]])
            self.cv.create_line(*args,joinstyle=tk.ROUND,
                                width=self.data["pensize"],
                                capstyle=tk.ROUND,fill=self.data["strokecolor"])
    def config_canvas(self,data=None):
        # 配置画布
        if not data:data=self.data
        if "width" in data and "height" in data:
            self.cv.configure(width=self.data["width"],
                height=self.data["height"],
                scrollregion=(0,0,self.data["width"],self.data["height"]))
        if "backcolor" in self.data:self.cv.config(bg=self.data["backcolor"])
    
    def undo(self):
        if self.data["data"]:#如果还能撤销
            self._clearcanvas()
            self.data["data"].pop()
            self.draw()
            self.file_changed=True
        else:
            self.master.bell()
            self.editmenu.entryconfig(0,
                    state=(tk.NORMAL if self.data["data"] else tk.DISABLED))
    def clear(self):
        if not self.data["data"]:return
        if msgbox.askyesno("提示","是否清除?",parent=self.master):
            self._clearcanvas()
            self.data["data"]=[]
            self.file_changed=True
            self.editmenu.entryconfig(0,state=tk.DISABLED)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    def onkey(self,event):
        if event.state in (4,6,12,14,36,38,44,46): # 适应多种按键情况(Num,Caps,Scroll)
            if event.keysym=='z':#如果按下Ctrl+Z键
                self.undo()
            elif event.keysym=='o':#按下Ctrl+O键
                self.ask_for_open()
            elif event.keysym=='s':#Ctrl+S
                self.save()
            elif event.keysym=='n': #Ctrl+N
                self.new()
    def setdefault(self):
        # 将self.data,self.config设为默认,或填补其中不存在的键
        self.data.setdefault("ver",_ver)
        self.data.setdefault("data",[])
        conffile=self.config.filename
        config=deepcopy(self.CONFIG)
        config.update(self.config)
        self.config=DictFile.fromdict(config,filename=conffile)

        data=deepcopy(self.config)
        data.update(self.data)
        self.data=DictFile.fromdict(data,filename=self.filename)
    
    @classmethod
    def new(cls):
        # 新建一个文件(打开另一个画板窗口)
        cls()
    def ask_for_open(self):
        returnval=self.ask_for_save(quit=False)
        if returnval==0:return
        #弹出打开对话框
        filename=dialog.askopenfilename(master=self.master,
                                        filetypes=self._FILETYPES)
        if os.path.isfile(filename):
            self.filename=filename
            self._clearcanvas()
            self.openfile(filename)
    def openfile(self,filename):
        try:
            self.filename=filename
            if filename.endswith(".pkl") or filename.endswith(".pickle"):
                with open(filename,'rb') as f:
                    obj=pickle.load(f)
                    if type(obj) is dict:
                        self.data=DictFile.fromdict(obj)
                    elif type(obj) in (list,tuple):
                        if type(obj) is tuple:obj=list(obj)
                        self.data={"data":obj}
                    else:
                        onerror(TypeError("未知数据类型: %r"%type(obj)),
                                parent=self.master);return
            else:
                self.data=DictFile(filename,error_callback=onerror)
            self.setdefault()
            self.draw()
            self.master.title("%s - %s" %(self.TITLE,self.filename))
            self.editmenu.entryconfig(0, # 撤销
                        state=(tk.NORMAL if self.data["data"] else tk.DISABLED))
        except Exception as err:onerror(err,msg="无法加载图像: "+str(err),
                                        parent=self.master)

    def ask_for_save(self,quit=True):
        if self.file_changed:
            retval=msgbox.askyesnocancel("文件尚未保存",
                              "是否保存{}的更改?".format(
                                  os.path.split(self.filename)[1] or "当前文件"),
                                parent=self.master)
            if not retval is None:
                if retval==True:
                    if self.save()==0:return 0  #0:cancel
            else:return 0
        if quit:self.quit()
    def save(self,filename=None):
        if not filename:
            if not self.filename:
                filename=dialog.asksaveasfilename(master=self.master,
                    filetypes=self._SAVE_FILETYPES,defaultextension='.vec')
                if not filename:return 0
            self.filename=filename
        try: # 设置边框宽度
            bd=int(self.cv["bd"]) or 2
            # 文档大小为画布的大小
            self.data["width"]=int(self.cv.winfo_width())-bd*2
            self.data["height"]=int(self.cv.winfo_height())-bd*2
        except tk.TclError:pass
        try:
            if filename.endswith(".pkl") or filename.endswith(".pickle"):
                with open(filename,'wb') as f:
                    pickle.dump(dict(self.data),f)
            elif filename.endswith((".bmp",".png",".jpg",".gif")):
                # 保存为图像
                if ImageGrab==None:
                    msgbox.showinfo(
                        "无法保存为图像","请使用pip安装PIL库",parent=self.master)
                bd=int(self.cv["bd"]) or 2 # 去除图像边框
                x1=self.cv.winfo_rootx()+bd
                y1=self.cv.winfo_rooty()+bd
                x2=x1+self.cv.winfo_width()-bd*2
                y2=y1+self.cv.winfo_height()-bd*2
                pic = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(x1,y1,x2,y2))
                pic.save(filename)
            else:
                self.data.save(filename,error_callback=onerror)
            self.file_changed=False
            self.master.title("%s - %s" %(self.TITLE,self.filename))
        except Exception as err:onerror(err,msg="抱歉, 无法保存文件: ",
                                        parent=self.master)
    def save_as(self):
        filename=dialog.asksaveasfilename(master=self.master,
                    filetypes=self._SAVE_FILETYPES,defaultextension='.vec')
        if filename:
            self.save(filename)
            self.filename=filename
    def show_property_window(self):
        if self.propertywindow is not None:
            self.propertywindow.focus_force()
        else:
            self.propertywindow=PropertyWindow(self)
    def quit(self):
        Painter.instances.remove(self)
        self.config.save()
        self.master.destroy()

    def about(self):
        msgbox.showinfo("tkinter Canvas 设计功能齐全的画板程序\n版本",_ver,parent=self.master)

def main():
    try:os.chdir(os.path.split(__file__)[0])
    except OSError:pass
    if len(sys.argv)>1:
        for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
            root=tk.Tk()
            root.title(Painter.TITLE)
            window=Painter(root,filename=arg)
    else: Painter()
    tk.mainloop()

if __name__=="__main__":main()