简介
Quartz 是个开源的作业调度框架，为在 Java 应用程序中进行作业调度提供了简单却强大的机制。Quartz 允许开发人员根据时间间隔（或天）来调度作业。它实现了作业和触发器的多对多关系，还能把多个作业与不同的触发器关联。整合了 Quartz 的应用程序可以重用来自不同事件的作业，还可以为一个事件组合多个作业。虽然可以通过属性文件（在属性文件中可以指定 JDBC 事务的数据源、全局作业和/或触发器侦听器、插件、线程池，以及更多）配置 Quartz，但它根本没有与应用程序服务器的上下文或引用集成在一起。结果就是作业不能访问 Web 服务器的内部函数；例如，在使用 WebSphere 应用服务器时，由 Quartz 调度的作业并不能影响服务器的动态缓存和数据源。
使用前奏
1. 新建一个maven项目（可以是web也可以是普通的java项目），添加上相关依赖。
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....
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2. 在resources下新建一个配置文件quartz.properties，添加如下内容：
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler #指定调度器的名称
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 #线程池中最多同时有3个线程运行
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore #指定Quartz的数据（job及trigger信息）存储位置，RamJobStore指内存
启动一个Scheduler
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package com.netease.test.quartz;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
/**
* User: hzwangxx
* Date: 14-2-26
* Time: 0:16
*/
public class QuartzTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.从StdSchedulerFactory工厂中获取一个任务调度器
Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
//2. 启动调度器
scheduler.start();
System.out.println("scheduler is start...");
//关闭调度器
scheduler.shutdown();
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
/*
console output:
2014-02-26 00:22:31,744 0 [main] INFO - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 00:22:31,766 22 [main] INFO - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 00:22:31,767 23 [main] INFO - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,768 24 [main] INFO - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25 [main] INFO - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
NOT STARTED.
Currently in standby mode.
Number of jobs executed: 0
Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25 [main] INFO - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25 [main] INFO - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25 [main] INFO - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25 [main] INFO - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26 [main] INFO - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26 [main] INFO - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
*/
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简单Helloworld
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package com.netease.test.quartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
/**
* User: hzwangxx
* Date: 14-2-26
* Time: 0:16
*/
public class QuartzTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.从StdSchedulerFactory工厂中获取一个任务调度器
Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
//2. 启动调度器
scheduler.start();
System.out.println("scheduler is start...");
//3. 添加定时任务
// 3.1 定义job
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class)
.withIdentity("job1", "group1")
.build();
// 3.2 定义Trigger，使得job现在就运行，并每隔3s中运行一次，重复运行5次, withRepeatCount(number)设定job运行次数为number+1
Trigger trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(3)
.withRepeatCount(4))
.build();
// 3.3 交给scheduler去调度
scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
//4. 关闭调度器
//scheduler.shutdown();
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 自定义Job，实现Job接口并实现execute方法
*/
public static class HelloJob implements Job{
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("execute job at " + new Date() + " by trigger " + context.getTrigger().getJobKey());
}
}
}
/*
console output:
2014-02-26 01:05:25,766 0 [main] INFO - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 01:05:25,794 28 [main] INFO - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 01:05:25,795 29 [main] INFO - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,797 31 [main] INFO - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32 [main] INFO - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
NOT STARTED.
Currently in standby mode.
Number of jobs executed: 0
Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32 [main] INFO - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33 [main] INFO - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33 [main] INFO - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:25 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:28 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:31 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:34 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:37 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
*/
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API说明
Quartz框架核心的几个类如下：
Scheduler - 与scheduler进行交互的主要API，整个生命周期是由SchedulerFactory创建到调用shutdown()方法
Job - 希望scheduler进行调度的自定义任务接口，主要实现该接口的execute方法。
JobDetail - 定义Job的相关信息
Trigger - 定义调度器调度任务的触发器，主要描述任务的执行时间，周期等信息
JobBuilder - 用来定义和创建JobDetail实例
TriggerBuilder - 用来定义和创建Trigger实例