用matplotlib 做出的第一张3d图
matplotlib是一个绘图库，它可以绘制3d和2d的图，今天，我就带着大家用matplotlib绘制第一张3d图。
我们今天就画一个csdn的立体文本吧！
一、安装matplotlib
如果你还没有安装matplotlib,就跟着教程安装一下吧。
1.使用快捷键Windows+R打开“运行”程序
2.输入"cmd",按"Enter"或"确定".
3.在打开的命令行里输入语句"pip install matplotlib -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"(加速)
二、基础用法
在安装matplotlib之后，自动安装有 mpl_toolkits.mplot3d。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
fig = plt.figure() # 创建3D对象
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
ax.set_xlabel('X 轴')
ax.set_ylabel('Y 轴')
ax.set_zlabel('Z 轴')
plt.show()
三、生成方块函数
我们写一个block函数，参数为x,y,z,功能是在坐标为x,y,z的位置生成一个方块。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
fig = plt.figure() # 创建3D对象
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
def block(x, y, z):
"""
在坐标为x,y,z的位置生成一个方块
:param x:
:param y:
:param z:
"""
dx = dy = dz = 1
xx = np.linspace(x, x + dx, 2)
yy = np.linspace(y, y + dy, 2)
zz = np.linspace(z, z + dz, 2)
xx2, yy2 = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z))
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z + dz))
yy2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x), yy2, zz2)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x + dx), yy2, zz2)
xx2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y), zz2)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y + dy), zz2)四、生成立体字
我们要生成"CSDN"的立体字，想来列一张表，看看哪些地方需要放方块，哪些地方不需要放方块：
想在我们再在python中创建一个列表，来储存这些值:
blocks = [[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]]再遍历一下列表:
blocks = [[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]]
for i in range(5):
for j in range(16):
# 遍历每一个位置
if blocks[i][j] == 1: # 如果这个位置需要放方块
block(j, 0, 5-i) # 这里需要翻过来大功告成！
五、完整代码
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
fig = plt.figure() # 创建3D对象
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
def block(x, y, z):
"""
在坐标为x,y,z的位置生成一个方块
:param x:
:param y:
:param z:
"""
dx = dy = dz = 1
xx = np.linspace(x, x + dx, 2)
yy = np.linspace(y, y + dy, 2)
zz = np.linspace(z, z + dz, 2)
xx2, yy2 = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z))
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z + dz))
yy2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x), yy2, zz2)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x + dx), yy2, zz2)
xx2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y), zz2)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y + dy), zz2)
blocks = [[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]]
for i in range(5):
for j in range(16):
# 遍历每一个位置
if blocks[i][j] == 1: # 如果这个位置需要放方块
block(j, 0, 5-i) # 这里需要翻过来
ax.set_xlabel('X 轴')
ax.set_ylabel('Y 轴')
ax.set_zlabel('Z 轴')
plt.show()
也可以去掉网格:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
fig = plt.figure() # 创建3D对象
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
def block(x, y, z):
"""
在坐标为x,y,z的位置生成一个方块
:param x:
:param y:
:param z:
"""
dx = dy = dz = 1
xx = np.linspace(x, x + dx, 2)
yy = np.linspace(y, y + dy, 2)
zz = np.linspace(z, z + dz, 2)
xx2, yy2 = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z))
ax.plot_surface(xx2, yy2, np.full_like(xx2, z + dz))
yy2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(yy, zz)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x), yy2, zz2)
ax.plot_surface(np.full_like(yy2, x + dx), yy2, zz2)
xx2, zz2 = np.meshgrid(xx, zz)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y), zz2)
ax.plot_surface(xx2, np.full_like(yy2, y + dy), zz2)
blocks = [[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]]
for i in range(5):
for j in range(16):
# 遍历每一个位置
if blocks[i][j] == 1: # 如果这个位置需要放方块
block(j, 0, 5-i) # 这里需要翻过来
plt.axis('off')
plt.show() 
蟹蟹大家的浏览！