Ⅰ. handful 英['hæn(d)fʊl; -f(ə)l] 美['hænd,fʊl]
(n)
1.[C]an amount that you can hold in your hand 一把
[+ of]
•The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us. 那男孩捡起一把石子，开始朝我们扔过来。
2. a handful of sth 一把；少量的；一小部分 几个人[物]，少数人[物]
•There were only a handful of people there. 那里只有几个人。
3. be a handful 是难管教[控制]的人〔尤指孩子〕
•She’s a lovely child, but she can be a bit of a handful sometimes. 她是个可爱的孩子，不过有时候会比较难管。
Ⅱ. procure 英[prə'kjʊə] 美[prə'kjʊr]
procure---procured---procured (ad) procurable (n) procurement采购；获得，取得 (n) procurer拉皮条者
(v)
1 .to obtain something, especially something that is difficult to get获得，取得〔尤指难以得到的东西〕
procure sth for sb
•He was accused of procuring weapons for terrorists. 他被控为恐怖分子采办武器。
Ⅲ. perish 英['perɪʃ] 美['pɛrɪʃ]
(adj)perishable 易腐坏的；易毁灭的；会枯萎的 (n) perishable 容易腐坏的东西
(v)
1. [I]formal or literaryto die, especially in a terrible or sudden way死亡〔尤指惨死或猝死〕
•Hundreds perished when the ship went down. 轮船沉没，数百人罹难。
2. [I,T]if rubber or leather perishes, it decays （使）〔橡胶或皮革〕腐坏，老化
3. perish the thought! 打消念头,但愿…不会成真
•If we lose, perish the thought, Watford will take first place. 如果我们输了，但愿这不会成为事实，沃特福德就会拿第一了。
Ⅳ. roll 英[rəʊl] 美[rol]
(v)
1.roll sth along/in/onto etc sth
•Roll the chicken breasts in flour. 把鸡胸脯肉在面粉里滚一下。
2.[I,T always + adv/prep]to turn your body over one or more times while lying down, or to turn someone else’s body over打滚；（使）翻身，翻转
[+ down/onto/off etc]
•The children rolled down the hill, laughing. 孩子们笑着从山坡上滚下来。
•Ralph rolled onto his stomach. 拉尔夫翻身趴着。
roll sb onto/off sth
•I tried to roll him onto his side. 我试图让他翻过身侧卧。
3. roll around 〔时间、事件等定期出现的事物〕到来，如期而至
•By the timeWednesdayrolled around, I still hadn’t finished. 星期三到来时，我仍然没有完成。
4. roll back
降低，削减〔影响或权力〕
•a threat to roll back the legislation of the past 12 years 削弱这项已实施12年的法律的威胁
降低 〔价格、成本等〕
•the administration’s promise to roll back taxes 政府减税的承诺
使〔敌方〕退却，击退
roll back the yearsto make someone remember something from the past
令人忆起往事
•Looking at those old photos really rolled back the years. 看着那些老照片，往事历历在目。
(n)
英
MEANINGS 义项
1.a piece of paper, camera film, money etc that has been rolled into the shape of a tube〔纸、胶卷、钱等的〕一卷
[+ of]
•I used up three rolls of film on holiday. 这次度假我用了三卷胶卷。
2.a small roundloafof bread for one person
面包卷，小圆面包
•bread roll swith butter 黄油面包卷
3.an official list of names
〔正式的〕名单，名册
•Three senators missed the roll call. 点名时有三名参议员缺席。
Ⅴ. elaborate 英[ɪ'læb(ə)rət] 美[ɪ'læbəret]
(n)elaboration 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述 (adj) elaborative 煞费苦心的；仔细的 (adv) elaboratively
(v)
1.having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way详尽的；复杂的
•pure silks embroidered with elaborate patterns 绣有精美图案的真丝衣服
2. carefully planned and organized in great detail 精心制作的
•a very elaborate telecommunications network 非常精密的电信网络
Ⅵ . scant 英[skænt] 美[skænt]
(adj)
1.not enough不足的，缺乏的
•The story has receivedscant attentionin the press. 这件事没在报界引起多少注意。
•They produce goods withscant regardfor quality. 他们的产品不够重视质量。
2 .a scant cup/teaspoon etc浅浅的一杯/一茶匙等
(v)
1. supply sparingly and with restricted quantities 限制
近义词
adj.
不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的
insufficientshortdeficientlackingscarce
vt.
减少；节省；限制
blockshorten
Ⅶ . scratch 英[skrætʃ] 美[skrætʃ]
scratch---scratched---scratched
(v)
1. [I,T]to rub your skin with your nails because it feels uncomfortable〔用指甲〕挠，搔，轻抓
[+ at]
•He was scratching at the bites on his arm. 他挠着手臂上被叮咬的地方。
2. scratch around 〔困难地〕搜寻，查找，寻找
•homeless people scratching around for a place to shelter四处找寻容身之所的无家可归者
3. scratch out 划掉，删掉〔文字〕
•Emma’s name had been scratched out. 埃玛的名字被划掉了。
(n)
1.[C]a small cut on someone’s skin〔某人皮肤上的〕划痕，划伤
•There weredeep scratchesall over her face. 她脸上全是深深的伤痕。
2. from scratch
if you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before
从零开始，从头开始；白手起家
•We had tostartagainfrom scratch. 我们只好再次从零开始。
(adj)
1. a scratch team or group of people has been put together in a hurry, using anyone that is available 〔团队等〕仓促拼凑的，匆匆组成的
2. a scratch player in golf is very good and is not given any advantage in games 〔高尔夫球员〕无让杆的，无让步优 待的