MVC是一种软件架构的思想,将软件按照模型、视图、控制器来划分
M:Model,模型层,指工程中的JavaBean,作用是处理数据
JavaBean分为两类:
V:View,视图层,指工程中的html或jsp等页面,作用是与用户进行交互,展示数据
C:Controller,控制层,指工程中的servlet,作用是接收请求和响应浏览器
MVC的工作流程:
用户通过视图层发送请求到服务器,在服务器中请求被Controller接收,Controller调用相应的Model层处理请求,处理完毕将结果返回到Controller,Controller再根据请求处理的结果找到相应的View视图,渲染数据后最终响应给浏览器
SpringMVC是Spring的一个后续产品,是Spring的一个子项目
SpringMVC 是 Spring 为表述层开发提供的一整套完备的解决方案。在表述层框架历经 Strust、WebWork、Strust2 等诸多产品的历代更迭之后,目前业界普遍选择了 SpringMVC 作为 Java EE 项目表述层开发的首选方案。
注:三层架构分为表述层(或表示层)、业务逻辑层、数据访问层,表述层表示前台页面和后台servlet
IDE:idea 2019.2
JDK:jdk1.8
构建工具:maven3.5.4
服务器:tomcat8.5
Spring版本:5.3.1
创建SpringMVCDemo项目,在其下创建SpringMVCDemo1模块,项目架构如图所示
<packaging>warpackaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.3.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
<artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
<version>1.2.3version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>3.1.0version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleafgroupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
注:由于 Maven 的传递性,我们不必将所有需要的包全部配置依赖,而是配置最顶端的依赖,其他靠传递性导入。
注册SpringMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet,先在main文件下创建WEB-INF/web.xml(右键选择add Framework support自动生成)
此配置作用下,SpringMVC的配置文件默认位于WEB-INF下,默认名称为
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
可通过init-param标签设置SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称,通过load-on-startup标签设置SpringMVC前端控制器DispatcherServlet的初始化时间
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:spingMVC.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
注:
标签中使用/和/*的区别: /所匹配的请求可以是/login或.html或.js或.css方式的请求路径,但是/不能匹配.jsp请求路径的请求
因此就可以避免在访问jsp页面时,该请求被DispatcherServlet处理,从而找不到相应的页面
/*则能够匹配所有请求,例如在使用过滤器时,若需要对所有请求进行过滤,就需要使用/*的写法
由于前端控制器对浏览器发送的请求进行了统一的处理,但是具体的请求有不同的处理过程,因此需要创建处理具体请求的类,即请求控制器
请求控制器中每一个处理请求的方法成为控制器方法
因为SpringMVC的控制器由一个POJO(普通的Java类)担任,因此需要通过@Controller注解将其标识为一个控制层组件,交给Spring的IoC容器管理,此时SpringMVC才能够识别控制器的存在
@Controller
public class HelloController {
}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="org.atguigu.controller"/>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
bean>
property>
bean>
property>
bean>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/htmlvalue>
<value>application/jsonvalue>
list>
property>
bean>
mvc:message-converters>
mvc:annotation-driven>
beans>
在请求控制器中创建处理请求的方法
// @RequestMapping注解:处理请求和控制器方法之间的映射关系
// @RequestMapping注解的value属性可以通过请求地址匹配请求,/表示的当前工程的上下文路径
// localhost:8080/springMVC/
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
//设置视图名称
return "index";
}
在index.html(位于WEB-INF/templates路径下)中设置超链接
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页title>
head>
<body>
<h1>首页h1>
<a th:href="@{/hello}">HelloWorlda><br/>
body>
html>
在请求控制器中创建处理请求的方法
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String HelloWorld() {
return "target";
}
测试,在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080/springMVC/,springMVC此处指tomcat中配置上下文路径:
浏览器发送请求,若请求地址符合前端控制器的url-pattern,该请求就会被前端控制器DispatcherServlet处理。前端控制器会读取SpringMVC的核心配置文件,通过扫描组件找到控制器,将请求地址和控制器中@RequestMapping注解的value属性值进行匹配,若匹配成功,该注解所标识的控制器方法就是处理请求的方法。处理请求的方法需要返回一个字符串类型的视图名称,该视图名称会被视图解析器解析,加上前缀和后缀组成视图的路径,通过Thymeleaf对视图进行渲染,最终转发到视图所对应页面
从注解名称上我们可以看到,@RequestMapping注解的作用就是将请求和处理请求的控制器方法关联起来,建立映射关系。
SpringMVC 接收到指定的请求,就会来找到在映射关系中对应的控制器方法来处理这个请求。
@RequestMapping标识一个类:设置映射请求的请求路径的初始信息
@RequestMapping标识一个方法:设置映射请求请求路径的具体信息
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class RequestMappingController {
//此时请求映射所映射的请求的请求路径为:/test/testRequestMapping
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
}
@RequestMapping注解的value属性通过请求的请求地址匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的value属性是一个字符串类型的数组,表示该请求映射能够匹配多个请求地址所对应的请求
@RequestMapping注解的value属性必须设置,至少通过请求地址匹配请求映射
<a th:href="@{/testRequestMapping}">测试@RequestMapping的value属性-->/testRequestMappinga><br>
<a th:href="@{/test}">测试@RequestMapping的value属性-->/testa><br>
@RequestMapping(
value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping注解的method属性通过请求的请求方式(get或post)匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的method属性是一个RequestMethod类型的数组,表示该请求映射能够匹配多种请求方式的请求
若当前请求的请求地址满足请求映射的value属性,但是请求方式不满足method属性,则浏览器报错405:Request method ‘POST’ not supported
<a th:href="@{/test}">测试@RequestMapping的value属性-->/testa><br>
<form th:action="@{/test}" method="post">
<input type="submit">
form>
@RequestMapping(
value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"},
method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
注:
1、对于处理指定请求方式的控制器方法,SpringMVC中提供了@RequestMapping的派生注解
处理get请求的映射–>@GetMapping
处理post请求的映射–>@PostMapping
处理put请求的映射–>@PutMapping
处理delete请求的映射–>@DeleteMapping
2、常用的请求方式有get,post,put,delete
但是目前浏览器只支持get和post,若在form表单提交时,为method设置了其他请求方式的字符串(put或delete),则按照默认的请求方式get处理
若要发送put和delete请求,则需要通过spring提供的过滤器HiddenHttpMethodFilter,在RESTful部分会讲到
@RequestMapping注解的params属性通过请求的请求参数匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的params属性是一个字符串类型的数组,可以通过四种表达式设置请求参数和请求映射的匹配关系(理解为请求参数的约束条件
)
“param”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数
“!param”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须不能携带param请求参数
“param=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数且param=value
“param!=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带param请求参数但是param!=value
<a th:href="@{/test(username='admin',password=123456)">测试@RequestMapping的params属性-->/testa><br>
@RequestMapping(
value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"}
,method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST}
,params = {"username","password!=123456"}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
return "success";
}
注:
若当前请求满足@RequestMapping注解的value和method属性,但是不满足params属性,此时页面回报错400:Parameter conditions “username, password!=123456” not met for actual request parameters: username={admin}, password={123456}
@RequestMapping注解的headers属性通过请求的请求头信息匹配请求映射
@RequestMapping注解的headers属性是一个字符串类型的数组,可以通过四种表达式设置请求头信息和请求映射的匹配关系
“header”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息
“!header”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须不能携带header请求头信息
“header=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息且header=value
“header!=value”:要求请求映射所匹配的请求必须携带header请求头信息且header!=value
若当前请求满足@RequestMapping注解的value和method属性,但是不满足headers属性,此时页面显示404错误,即资源未找到
?:表示任意的单个字符
*:表示任意的0个或多个字符
**:表示任意的一层或多层目录
注意:在使用**时,只能使用/**/xxx的方式
原始方式:/deleteUser?id=1
RESTful方式:/deleteUser/1
SpringMVC路径中的占位符常用于RESTful风格中,当请求路径中将某些数据通过路径的方式传输到服务器中,就可以在相应的@RequestMapping注解的value属性中通过占位符{xxx}表示传输的数据,在通过@PathVariable注解,将占位符所表示的数据赋值给控制器方法的形参
<a th:href="@{/testRest/123/admin}" >测试路径中的占位符-->/testResta>
@RequestMapping("/testRest/{id}/{username}")
public String testRest(@PathVariable("id") String id, @PathVariable("username") String username){
System.out.println("id:"+id+",username:"+username);
return "success";
}
//最终输出的内容为-->id:123, username:admin
将HttpServletRequest作为控制器方法的形参,此时HttpServletRequest
类型的参数表示封装了当前请求的请求报文的对象,在JSP中常用
/**
* 通过ServletAPI获取请求参数
* @param request
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request){
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "target";
}
在控制器方法的形参位置,设置和请求参数同名的形参,当浏览器发送请求,匹配到请求映射时,在DispatcherServlet中就会将请求参数赋值给相应的形参
<a th:href="@{/testParam(username='admin',password=123456)}">测试获取请求参数-->/testParama><br>
/**
* 通过控制器方法的形参获取请求参数testParam
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testParam2")
public String testParam2(String username, String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "target";
}
注:
若请求所传输的请求参数中有多个同名的请求参数,此时可以在控制器方法的形参中设置字符串数组或者字符串类型的形参接收此请求参数
若使用字符串数组类型的形参,此参数的数组中包含了每一个数据
若使用字符串类型的形参,此参数的值为每个数据中间使用逗号拼接的结果
@RequestParam是将请求参数和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@RequestParam注解一共有三个常用属性:
value:指定为形参赋值的请求参数的参数名
required:设置是否必须传输此请求参数,默认值为true
defaultValue:设置参数的默认值
若required属性设置为true时,则当前请求必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输该请求参数,且没有设置defaultValue属性,则页面报错400:Required String parameter ‘xxx’ is not present;若设置为false,则当前请求不是必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输,则注解所标识的形参的值为null
defaultValue:不管required属性值为true或false,当value所指定的请求参数没有传输或传输的值为""时,则使用默认值为形参赋值
/**
* 使用@RequestParam获取请求参数
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testParam3")
public String testParam3(@RequestParam(value = "username",required = true,defaultValue = "") String username,
@RequestParam(value = "username",required = false,defaultValue = "123")String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "target";
}
@RequestHeader是将请求头信息和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@RequestHeader注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam
@CookieValue是将cookie数据和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系
@CookieValue注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法同@RequestParam
可以在控制器方法的形参位置设置一个实体类类型的形参
,此时若浏览器传输的请求参数的参数名和实体类中的属性名一致,那么请求参数就会为此属性赋值
package org.atguigu.pojo;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : User
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-18 18:05:27
*/
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String sex;
private Integer age;
private String email;
public User(String username, String password, String sex, Integer age, String email) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
this.email = email;
}
public User() {
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
<form th:action="@{/testpojo}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
性别:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
form>
/**
* 通过POJO实体获取请求参数
* @param user
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testpojo")
public String testPOJO(User user) {
System.out.println(user);
return "target";
}
//最终结果-->User{username='[email protected]', password='14124', sex='??·', age=33, email='[email protected]'}
解决获取请求参数的乱码问题,可以使用SpringMVC提供的编码过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter,但是必须在web.xml
中进行注册
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
SpringMVC中处理编码的过滤器一定要配置到其他过滤器之前,否则无效
request、session和application的区别
HttpServerltRequest:request
HttpSession: session = request.getSession()
ServletContext:applicationContext = reqest.getServletContext() / session.getServletContext()
@RequestMapping("/testServletAPI")
public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("testScope", "hello,servletAPI");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
/**
* ModelAndView有Model和View的功能
* Model主要用于向请求域共享数据
* View主要用于设置视图,实现页面跳转
*/
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
//向请求域共享数据
mav.addObject("testScope", "hello,ModelAndView");
//设置视图,实现页面跳转
mav.setViewName("success");
return mav;
}
@RequestMapping("/testModel")
public String testModel(Model model){
model.addAttribute("testScope", "hello,Model");
return "success";
}
在前端获取Model传递的值
@RequestMapping("/testMap")
public String testMap(Map<String, Object> map){
map.put("testScope", "hello,Map");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testModelMap")
public String testModelMap(ModelMap modelMap){
modelMap.addAttribute("testScope", "hello,ModelMap");
return "success";
}
Model、ModelMap、Map类型的参数其实本质上都是 BindingAwareModelMap 类型的
public interface Model{}
public class ModelMap extends LinkedHashMap {}
public class ExtendedModelMap extends ModelMap implements Model {}
public class BindingAwareModelMap extends ExtendedModelMap {}
@RequestMapping("/testSession")
public String testSession(HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("testSessionScope", "hello,session");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testApplication")
public String testApplication(HttpSession session){
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("testApplicationScope", "hello,application");
return "success";
}
SpringMVC中的视图是View接口,视图的作用渲染数据,将模型Model中的数据展示给用户
SpringMVC视图的种类很多,默认有转发视图和重定向视图
当工程引入JSTL的依赖,转发视图会自动转换为JstlView
若使用的视图技术为Thymeleaf,在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置了Thymeleaf的视图解析器,由此视图解析器解析之后所得到的是ThymeleafView
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称没有任何前缀时,此时的视图名称会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析,视图名称拼接视图前缀和视图后缀所得到的最终路径,会通过转发的方式实现跳转
@RequestMapping("/testHello")
public String testHello(){
return "hello";
}
SpringMVC中默认的转发视图是InternalResourceView
SpringMVC中创建转发视图的情况:
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"forward:"为前缀时,创建InternalResourceView视图,此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析,而是会将前缀"forward:"去掉,剩余部分作为最终路径通过转发的方式实现跳转
例如"forward:/",“forward:/employee”
@RequestMapping("/testForward")
public String testForward(){
return "forward:/testHello";
}
SpringMVC中默认的重定向视图是RedirectView
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"redirect:"为前缀时,创建RedirectView视图,此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析,而是会将前缀"redirect:"去掉,剩余部分作为最终路径通过重定向的方式实现跳转
例如"redirect:/",“redirect:/employee”
@RequestMapping("/testRedirect")
public String testRedirect(){
return "redirect:/testHello";
}
注:
重定向视图在解析时,会先将redirect:前缀去掉,然后会判断剩余部分是否以/开头,若是则会自动拼接上下文路径
当控制器方法中,仅仅用来实现页面跳转
,即只需要设置视图名称时,可以将处理器方法使用view-controller标签进行表示
<mvc:view-controller path="/testView" view-name="success">mvc:view-controller>
注:
当SpringMVC中设置任何一个view-controller时,其他控制器中的请求映射将全部失效,此时需要在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中设置开启mvc注解驱动的标签:
REST:Representational State Transfer,表现层资源状态转移。
资源是一种看待服务器的方式,即,将服务器看作是由很多离散的资源组成。每个资源是服务器上一个可命名的抽象概念。因为资源是一个抽象的概念,所以它不仅仅能代表服务器文件系统中的一个文件、数据库中的一张表等等具体的东西,可以将资源设计的要多抽象有多抽象,只要想象力允许而且客户端应用开发者能够理解。与面向对象设计类似,资源是以名词为核心来组织的,首先关注的是名词。一个资源可以由一个或多个URI来标识。URI既是资源的名称,也是资源在Web上的地址。对某个资源感兴趣的客户端应用,可以通过资源的URI与其进行交互。
资源的表述是一段对于资源在某个特定时刻的状态的描述。可以在客户端-服务器端之间转移(交换)。资源的表述可以有多种格式,例如HTML/XML/JSON/纯文本/图片/视频/音频等等。资源的表述格式可以通过协商机制来确定。请求-响应方向的表述通常使用不同的格式。
状态转移说的是:在客户端和服务器端之间转移(transfer)代表资源状态的表述。通过转移和操作资源的表述,来间接实现操作资源的目的。
具体说,就是 HTTP 协议里面,四个表示操作方式的动词:GET、POST、PUT、DELETE。
它们分别对应四种基本操作:GET 用来获取资源,POST 用来新建资源,PUT 用来更新资源,DELETE 用来删除资源
。
REST 风格提倡 URL 地址使用统一的风格设计,从前到后各个单词使用斜杠分开,不使用问号键值对方式携带请求参数,而是将要发送给服务器的数据作为 URL 地址的一部分,以保证整体风格的一致性。
操作 | 传统方式 | REST风格 |
---|---|---|
查询操作 | getUserById?id=1 | user/1–>get请求方式 |
保存操作 | saveUser | user–>post请求方式 |
删除操作 | deleteUser?id=1 | user/1–>delete请求方式 |
更新操作 | updateUser | user–>put请求方式 |
由于浏览器只支持发送get和post方式的请求,那么该如何发送put和delete请求呢?
SpringMVC 提供了 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 帮助我们将 POST 请求转换为 DELETE 或 PUT 请求
HiddenHttpMethodFilter 处理put和delete请求的条件:
当前请求的请求方式必须为post
当前请求必须传输请求参数_method
满足以上条件,HiddenHttpMethodFilter 过滤器就会将当前请求的请求方式转换为请求参数_method的值,因此请求参数_method的值才是最终的请求方式
在web.xml中注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
注:
目前为止,SpringMVC中提供了两个过滤器:CharacterEncodingFilter和HiddenHttpMethodFilter
在web.xml中注册时,必须先注册CharacterEncodingFilter,再注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter
原因:
在 CharacterEncodingFilter 中通过 request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法设置字符集的
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding) 方法要求前面不能有任何获取请求参数的操作
而 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 恰恰有一个获取请求方式的操作:
String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
新建SpringMVCDemo2,模块架构如图:
和传统 CRUD 一样,实现对员工信息的增删改查。
搭建环境
pom.xml设置打包方式,引入依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.atguigugroupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVCDemoartifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
parent>
<artifactId>SpringMVCDemo2artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
properties>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.3.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
<artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
<version>1.2.3version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>3.1.0version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleafgroupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
web-app>
SpringMVC配置文件 springMVC.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="org.atguigu"/>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
bean>
property>
bean>
property>
bean>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/htmlvalue>
<value>application/jsonvalue>
list>
property>
bean>
mvc:message-converters>
mvc:annotation-driven>
beans>
准备实体类
package org.atguigu.pojo;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : Employee
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-18 19:52:01
*/
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
//1 male, 0 female
private Integer gender;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Integer gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
}
public Employee() {
}
}
准备dao模拟数据
package org.atguigu.dao;
import org.atguigu.pojo.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : EmployeeDao
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-18 19:53:15
*/
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;
static{
employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "[email protected]", 1));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "[email protected]", 1));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "[email protected]", 0));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "[email protected]", 0));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "[email protected]", 1));
}
private static Integer initId = 1006;
public void save(Employee employee){
if(employee.getId() == null){
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
}
public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
return employees.values();
}
public Employee get(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}
功能 | URL 地址 | 请求方式 |
---|---|---|
访问首页√ | / | GET |
查询全部数据√ | /employee | GET |
删除√ | /employee/2 | DELETE |
跳转到添加数据页面√ | /toAdd | GET |
执行保存√ | /employee | POST |
跳转到更新数据页面√ | /employee/2 | GET |
执行更新√ | /employee | PUT |
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index" />
在templates文件夹下新建index.html,内容如下:
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" >
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<h1>首页h1>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">查看员工信息a>
body>
html>
@Autowired
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
/**
* 列表
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getEmployeeList(Model model){
Collection<Employee> employeeList = employeeDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("employeeList", employeeList);
return "employee_list";
}
在templates文件夹下新建employee_list.html,内容如下:
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Employee Infotitle>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}">script>
head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" id="dataTable">
<tr>
<th colspan="5">Employee Infoth>
tr>
<tr>
<th>idth>
<th>lastNameth>
<th>emailth>
<th>genderth>
<th>options(<a th:href="@{/toAdd}">adda>)th>
tr>
<tr th:each="employee : ${employeeList}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}">td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}">td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}">td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}">td>
<td>
<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">deletea>
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">updatea>
td>
tr>
table>
body>
html>
在employee_list.html添加表单
<form id="delete_form" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
form>
在 employee_list.html 引入vue.js
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}">script>
删除超链接
<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">deletea>
在employee_list.html添加如下内容,实现通过vue处理点击事件
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el:"#dataTable",
methods:{
//event表示当前事件
deleteEmployee:function (event) {
//通过id获取表单标签
var delete_form = document.getElementById("delete_form");
//将触发事件的超链接的href属性为表单的action属性赋值
delete_form.action = event.target.href;
//提交表单
delete_form.submit();
//阻止超链接的默认跳转行为
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
script>
/**
* 删除
* @param employeeId
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id")Integer employeeId){
employeeDao.delete(employeeId);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
<mvc:view-controller path="/toAdd" view-name="employee_add" />
在templates文件夹下新建employee_add.html,内容如下:
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Add Employeetitle>
head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName"><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">female<br>
<input type="submit" value="add"><br>
form>
body>
html>
/**
* 添加
* @param employee
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addEmployee(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">updatea>
/**
* 跳转到更新页面
* @param employeeId
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView toUpdateEmployee(@PathVariable("id")Integer employeeId){
Employee employee = employeeDao.get(employeeId);
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("employee_update");
modelAndView.addObject("employee", employee);
return modelAndView;
}
在templates文件夹下新建employee_update.html,内容如下:
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Update Employeetitle>
head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${employee.id}">
lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName" th:value="${employee.lastName}"><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email" th:value="${employee.email}"><br>
gender:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:field="${employee.gender}"/>male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:field="${employee.gender}"/>female<br>
<input type="submit" value="update"/><br>
form>
body>
html>
/**
* 更新
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
HttpMessageConverter,报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody,RequestEntity,
ResponseEntity
@RequestBody可以获取请求体
,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit">
form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody);
return "success";
}
输出结果:
requestBody:username=admin&password=123456
RequestEntity封装请求报文
的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息
@RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity")
public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){
System.out.println("requestHeader:"+requestEntity.getHeaders());
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestEntity.getBody());
return "success";
}
输出结果:
requestHeader:[host:“localhost:8080”, connection:“keep-alive”, content-length:“27”, cache-control:“max-age=0”, sec-ch-ua:“” Not A;Brand";v=“99”, “Chromium”;v=“90”, “Google Chrome”;v=“90"”, sec-ch-ua-mobile:“?0”, upgrade-insecure-requests:“1”, origin:“http://localhost:8080”, user-agent:“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36”]
requestBody:username=admin&password=123
@ResponseBody用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
@ResponseBody
public String testResponseBody(){
return "success";
}
结果:浏览器页面显示success,而不是如之前一般去渲染success.html
@ResponseBody处理JSON的步骤:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
<version>2.12.1version>
dependency>
在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,此时在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为JSON格式的字符串
@RequestMapping("/testResponseUser")
@ResponseBody
public User testResponseUser(){
return new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男");
}
使用Postman进行测试:
<div id="app">
<a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjaxa><br>
div>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}">script>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}">script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el:"#app",
methods:{
testAjax:function (event) {
axios({
method:"post",
url:event.target.href,
params:{
username:"admin",
password:"123456"
}
}).then(function (response) {
alert(response.data);
});
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
script>
/**
* 测试ajax交互
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "hello,ajax";
}
@RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解
即:@RestController = @Controller + @ResponseBody
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post
,并且添加属性enctype="multipart/form-data"
springMVC.xml添加如下代码:
<mvc:view-controller path="/toUpload" view-name="uploadFile" />
在templates文件夹下新建 uploadFile.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/upload}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="avator" >文件上传input><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
form>
body>
html>
SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息
操作步骤:
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
<version>1.3.1version>
dependency>
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />
package org.atguigu.controller;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : FileController
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-18 21:23:04
*/
@Controller
public class FileController {
/**
* 文件上传
* @param multipartFile
* @param session
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload")
@ResponseBody
public String upload(@RequestParam("avator") MultipartFile multipartFile, HttpSession session) {
// 获取上传的文件的文件名
String fileName = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
// 获取文件后缀名,通过UUID处理文件重名问题
String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
fileName = UUID.randomUUID() + suffix;
// 获取服务器中photo目录的路径
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
String imagePath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/images/");
// 文件上传目录不存在则创建
File file = new File(imagePath);
if (!file.exists()){
file.mkdirs();
}
// 文件上传
String newFileName = imagePath + File.separator + fileName;
try {
multipartFile.transferTo(new File(newFileName));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// 返回文件上传后的完整路径
return fileName;
}
}
使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能
/**
* 文件下载
* @param session
* @param fileName
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/download")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session, String fileName) {
// 获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
// 获取服务器中文件的真实路径
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/images/" + fileName);
// 创建输入流
InputStream inputStream = null;
// 创建ResponseEntity对象
ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = null;
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// 创建字节数组
byte[] bytes = new byte[inputStream.available()];
// 将流读到字节数组中
inputStream.read(bytes);
// 创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息
MultiValueMap<String, String> httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
// 设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字
httpHeaders.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename= " + fileName);
// 设置响应状态码
HttpStatus httpStatus = HttpStatus.OK;
responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, httpHeaders, httpStatus);
} catch (IOException exception) {
throw new RuntimeException(exception);
} finally {
// 关闭输入流
try {
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return responseEntity;
}
测试,在浏览器地址栏输入 http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/download?fileName=1baf7e5e-cc34-4662-9aa0-5d1bb48cd956.jpg ,会把之前上传的图片进行下载。
图片被上传到了Tomcat的webapps文件夹,其下每一个文件夹表示一个项目。
备注:header中Content–Disposition的作用与使用方法
SpringMVC中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行,SpringMVC中的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor
修改EmployeeController.java
@RequestMapping(value = "/employee", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getEmployeeList(Model model){
Collection<Employee> employeeList = employeeDao.getAll();
employeeList.forEach(System.out::println);
model.addAttribute("employeeList", employeeList);
return "employee_list";
}
package org.atguigu.interceptor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : MyInterceptor
* @description : 自定义interceptor
* @createTime : 2023-08-19 09:28:19
*/
@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 控制器方法执行之前执行preHandle(),其boolean类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回false表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @param handler chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance evaluation
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle方法被执行...");
return HandlerInterceptor.super.preHandle(request, response, handler);
}
/**
* 控制器(controller)方法执行之后执行postHandle()
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @param handler the handler (or {@link Object}) that started asynchronous
* execution, for type and/or instance examination
* @param modelAndView the {@code ModelAndView} that the handler returned
* (can also be {@code null})
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle方法被执行...");
HandlerInterceptor.super.postHandle(request, response, handler, modelAndView);
}
/**
* 处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation()
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @param handler the handler (or {@link Object}) that started asynchronous
* execution, for type and/or instance examination
* @param ex any exception thrown on handler execution, if any; this does not
* include exceptions that have been handled through an exception resolver
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion方法被执行...");
HandlerInterceptor.super.afterCompletion(request, response, handler, ex);
}
}
SpringMVC的拦截器必须在SpringMVC的配置文件中进行配置:
<bean id="myInterceptor" class="org.atguigu.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/employee"/>
<ref bean="myInterceptor" />
mvc:interceptor>
mvc:interceptors>
SpringMVC中的拦截器有三个抽象方法:
preHandle方法在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用,在该方法中对用户请求request进行处理。如果决定该拦截器对请求进行拦截处理后还要调用其他拦截器,或是业务处理器去进行处理,则返回true;如果程序员决定不需要再调用其他组件去处理请求,则返回false。在该方法中,可以进行权限管理,日志,事务等。
postHandle方法在业务处理器处理完请求后,但DispatcherServlet向客户端返回响应前被调用,在该方法中对用户请求request进行处理。在该方法中可以对请求域中的数据进行修改。
处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation()。同时,afterComplation方法还会进行一些资源的处理操作,比如释放资源等。
故三者执行顺序:preHandle --> postHandle --> afterComplation
此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在SpringMVC的配置文件的配置顺序有关:preHandle()会按照配置的顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterComplation()会按照配置的反序执行
preHandle()返回false和它之前的拦截器的preHandle()都会执行,postHandle()都不执行,返回false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterComplation()会执行
SpringMVC提供了一个处理控制器方法执行过程中所出现的异常的接口:HandlerExceptionResolver
HandlerExceptionResolver接口的实现类有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver和SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC提供了自定义的异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver,使用方式:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">errorprop>
props>
property>
<property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex" />
bean>
编写测试方法:
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" >
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<h1>Errorh1>
<div id="app">
<span th:text="${errorInfo}">span>
div>
body>
html>
/**
* 测试ajax交互
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
System.out.println(1/0); // ArithmeticException异常
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "hello,ajax";
}
控制台日志:
10:22:39.932 [http-nio-8080-exec-5] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to org.atguigu.controller.EmployeeController#testAjax(String, String)
10:22:39.961 [http-nio-8080-exec-5] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver - Resolving to view 'error' based on mapping [java.lang.ArithmeticException]
10:22:39.961 [http-nio-8080-exec-5] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver - Resolved [java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero] to ModelAndView [view="error"; model={errorInfo=java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero}]
10:22:39.961 [http-nio-8080-exec-5] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Using resolved error view: ModelAndView [view="error"; model={errorInfo=java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero}]
10:22:39.985 [http-nio-8080-exec-5] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK
测试:
注释掉上面基于XML配置的异常处理,改为使用注解方式进行一场处理。
package org.atguigu.controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : ExceptionController
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-22 21:04:52
*/
// @ControllerAdvice将当前类标识为异常处理的组件
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
/**
* @param ex 当前请求处理中出现的异常对象
* @param model
* @return
* @ExceptionHandler用于设置所标识方法处理的异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception ex, Model model) {
System.out.println("ExceptionController-handleArithmeticException:" + ex.getMessage());
// 前端接收:${errorInfo}
model.addAttribute("errorInfo", ex);
return "error";
}
}
使用配置类和注解代替web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件的功能
在Servlet3.0环境中,容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类,如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器。
Spring提供了这个接口的实现,名为SpringServletContainerInitializer,这个类反过来又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer基础实现,名为AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,当我们的类扩展了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer并将其部署到Servlet3.0容器的时候,容器会自动发现它,并用它来配置Servlet上下文。
package org.atguigu.config;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : WebInit
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-22 21:38:37
*/
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
/**
* 指定spring的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定SpringMVC的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
* @return
*/
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
/**
* 添加过滤器
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
// 设置字符串filter
CharacterEncodingFilter encodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
encodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
encodingFilter.setForceRequestEncoding(true);
// 设置Restful风格的filter
HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
return new Filter[]{encodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
}
}
package org.atguigu.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : SpringConfig
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-22 21:45:24
*/
// Spring配置类
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
}
package org.atguigu.config;
import org.atguigu.interceptor.MyInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* @author : Sakura
* @className : WebConfig
* @description : TODO
* @createTime : 2023-08-22 21:46:01
*/
// SpringMVC配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("org.atguigu") // 设置包扫描组件
@EnableWebMvc // 开启SpringMVC注解
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/**
* 使用默认的servlet处理资源
* @param configurer
*/
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
/**
* 配置文件上传解析器
* @return
*/
@Bean
public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
}
/**
* 配置拦截器
* @param registry
*/
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
MyInterceptor myInterceptor = new MyInterceptor();
registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
/**
* view-controller配置试图控制
* @param registry
*/
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("uploadFile");
}
/**
* 使用HandlerExceptionResolver接口的实现类SimpleMappingExceptionResolver实现异常处理
* @param resolvers initially an empty list
*/
@Override
public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties properties = new Properties();
// 前者为要捕获的异常,后者为映射的view页面
properties.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");
// 设置异常异常映射
simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
// 设置请求域共享异常信息的键
simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("errorInfo");
resolvers.add(simpleMappingExceptionResolver);
}
/**
* 配置生成模板解析器
* @return
*/
@Bean
public ITemplateResolver templateResolver(){
WebApplicationContext applicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(applicationContext.getServletContext());
templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
return templateResolver;
}
/**
* 生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
* @param templateResolver
* @return
*/
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver){
SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
return templateEngine;
}
/**
* 生成Thymeleaf视图解析器并为解析器注入模板引擎
* @param templateEngine
* @return
*/
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine){
ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver=new ThymeleafViewResolver();
viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
return viewResolver;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(){
return "index";
}
/**
* 测试ajax交互
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
System.out.println(1/0); // 异常Java代码
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "hello,ajax";
}
前端控制器
,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供 作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
处理器映射器
,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供 作用:根据请求的url、method等信息,查找Handler即控制器方法
处理器
,需要工程师开发,例如xxxController 作用:在DispatcherServlet的控制下Handler对具体的用户请求进行处理
处理器适配器
,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供 作用:通过HandlerAdapter对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行
视图解析器
,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供 作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、RedirectView分别对应thymeleaf、forward和redirect
视图
,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供,但页面需要工程师开发 作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户
SpringMVC中HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter详解(适配器模式)
IDEA按快捷键 ctrl+alt+U
查看DispatcherServlet的继承关系图。
各类简述:
Servlet:定义init方法,未实现
GenericServlet:实现Servlet,实现init方法(但init方法体为空)
HttpServlet:继承GenericServlet
HttpServletBean:继承HttpServlet,重写init方法,方法内最后调用了initServletBean方法(initServletBean方法体为空)
FrameworkServlet:继承HttpServletBean,重写initServletBean方法,方法内调用了initWebApplicationContext方法,用于创建并初始化WebApplicationContext上下文。initWebApplicationContext方法内又调用了onRefresh方法(方法体为空)
DispatcherServlet:继承FreameworkServlet,重写onRefresh方法,方法内仅调用了initStrategies方法,initStrategies方法用于初始化DispatcherServlet的文件上传解析器、处理器映射器、处理器适配器、处理器异常解析器、视图解析器等。
DispatcherServlet初始化过程
DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet 生命周期来进行调度。
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
// 创建WebApplicationContext
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 刷新WebApplicationContext
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
// 将IOC容器在应用域共享
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
}
// 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
// 设置父容器
wac.setParent(parent);
String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
if (configLocation != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
return wac;
}
FrameworkServlet创建WebApplicationContext后,刷新容器,调用onRefresh(wac),此方法在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写,调用了initStrategies(context)方法,初始化策略,即初始化DispatcherServlet的各个组件
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context);
initHandlerAdapters(context);
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
DispatcherServlet继承FrameworkServlet,FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx()。当需要处理请求时,FrameworkServlet的service方法会根据请求的方法类型,调用相应的doXXX方法。这些doXXX方法最后又都调用了
调用了DispatcherServlet的processRequest方法。
FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx(),这些方法中调用了processRequest(request, response)
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
// 执行服务,doService()是一个抽象方法,在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logRequest(request);
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
RequestPath requestPath = null;
if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) {
requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
}
try {
// 处理请求和响应
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
if (requestPath != null) {
ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request);
}
}
}
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
/*
mappedHandler:调用链
包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex
handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法
interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合
interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行
用注解@RequestMapping定义的Handler,用的是RequestMappingHandlerMapping,上面的其他两种,用的是BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,静态资源的请求,用的是SimpleUrlHandlerMapping。
*/
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器,调用所对应的控制器方法
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
// 调用拦截器的preHandle()
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndView对象
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
// 调用拦截器的postHandle()
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
// 处理模型数据和渲染视图
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
// 调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
SringMVC执行流程
springmvc执行流程如下:
补充说明:
a) 不存在
i. 再判断是否配置了mvc:default-servlet-handler
ii. 如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示404错误
iii. 如果有配置,则访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如:JS,CSS,HTML),找不到客户端也会展示404错误
b) 存在则继续执行下面的流程
根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain执行链对象的形式返回。
DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。
如果成功获得HandlerAdapter,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(…)方法【正向】
提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler方法,处理请求。在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:
a) HttpMessageConveter: 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息
b) 数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等
c) 数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
d) 数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中
Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象。
此时将开始执行拦截器的postHandle(…)方法【逆向】。
根据返回的ModelAndView(此时会判断是否存在异常:如果存在异常,则执行HandlerExceptionResolver进行异常处理)选择一个适合的ViewResolver进行视图解析,根据Model和View,来渲染视图。
渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion(…)方法【逆向】。
将渲染结果返回给客户端。