贴一篇自己写的英语练笔，自己当时还觉得写得很满意，与大家分享之。（是规定要交的学术英语作业，没有字数限制）
仅供【交流学习英语】使用！！ 严肃拒绝剽窃！！
非人工智能专业人士，所有对此的认知来源网络，如有技术细节问题欢迎指出。
——
原作业要求：
- 用老师提供的模板 [ template ] ，用 [ ] 标注出
- 写一篇文章类型为Discussion，表现为 outline 的形式
（更新）其中标蓝字的部分是助教批阅认为有 wording 或 grammar 错误的地方
——
Author's Note1:
Likely to have grammatical (e.g. tenses, personal-pronouns) and lexical errors that neither the software nor I found.
I think what I did best in this assignment is I targeted an interesting topic of true artificial intelligence and found its connections to my field.
I find deciding what sentences are necessary and properly organizing them into logical paragraphs to be the hardest aspect of this assignment.
Specific Purpose: [writing] To discuss the topic and [presentation] appeal that, under hypothetically ideal conditions, the True Artificial Intelligence might have clinical potential in fields of creative works.
Author's Note2:
1. The noun artificial intelligence can be countable or uncountable. In more general, commonly used, contexts, the plural form will also be artificial intelligence.
However, in more specific contexts, the plural form can also be artificial intelligences e.g. in reference to various types of artificial intelligences or a collection of artificial intelligences. (wordhippo)
In this essay, the term “artificial intelligence” and “true artificial intelligence” have been mostly used as uncountable nouns.
2. True artificial intelligence is considered to be yet to come. Thus, in this writing, Future Tense should be used when discussing directly about the True Artificial Intelligence.
——
Introduction
[ Attention-getter ] [ a broad, general statement ] Artificial intelligence can be understood as a computational entity, which has the ability to “perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings” 1.
True Artificial Intelligence, as the name suggests, should be more powerful than A.I.s that can only do limited, specialized works. A.I. developers and researchers customarily define the latter as Weak A.I., while the former is called Strong A.I. or General A.I. 2.
[ Speaker’ Credibility ] I researched through every TED Talk relative to Artificial Intelligence and read through probably the most-used, prevalent textbook Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach in the study of Artificial Intelligence.
[ Issue ] whether or not the True Artificial Intelligence will have creativity
Body
[ Side I ] [YES]
[ Thesis Statement ] Given that True A.I. is believed to be general, human-like A.I., it shall necessarily have all the features of human intelligence, including creativity.
[ Argument 1 ] Creativity is one of the basic human instincts and a symbol of human intelligence. Since True A.I. is supposed to have an equal, if not higher intelligence to that of a human brain, then, by logical inference, True A.I. should also have creativity.
Conversely, if it has no potential to produce creativeness, then whether it has reached the expected human-level intelligence is doubtful.
[ Argument 2 ] Recent years have witnessed copious amounts of fine, artistic works created by artificial intelligence. There is no reason not to believe that the futuristic, ever more powerful True Artificial Intelligence will not do even better than the limited, specialized artificial intelligence used today.
[ Evidence ] Artificial intelligence nowadays has already been broadly used in Generative Art, including musical composition, image generation, architecture, and text generation 3.
[ Side II ] [NO]
[ Thesis Statement ] In line with the current research results, Artificial Intelligences still requires human beings to actively participate more or less in the process, rather than consciously initiate the work itself.
[ Argument 1 ] No matter how fancy the terms in the field of A.I. are sound, if the True Artificial Intelligence’s underlying principle of operation is still largely relied on algorithms written by humans, big data comes from humans and training forced by humans, then, in essence, it is still a human-operated device, rather than a real autonomous system.
[ Evidence ] Famous methodologies behind strong artificial intelligence, for instance, Generative Adversarial Network and Deep Learning require a set of input data to initiate the process of “training”, which is thesynonymous substitution of “forcing the artificial intelligence to learn”.
For other weaker A.I.s, typically more middle stages need the intervention of real people. Therefore, some people may even argue that it is literally “manual” disguised as “artificial”.
[ Argument 2 ] Based on the aforementioned mechanical function, even if works of innovation and inspiration are generated, they are not originated by artificial intelligence but are the consequences of human activities.
Moreover, despite the supposition that the model of True A.I. should be a great simulation of biological neural networks, its developer(s) most likely will not know how it truly works. Any works of genius it generated could simply be a coincidence or an accident, not creativity.
[ Evidence ] A.I. text generators’ creations have given people lots of refreshing ideas. However, this is just human beings associating and interpreting meanings from these weird, disordered scripts. Artificial intelligence merely uses the built-in frameworks and runs the demanding program to output mathematically optimized result(s).
[ Side III ] [ a more philosophical perspective ]
[ Thesis Statement ] Another theoretical question is what does creativity means to artificial intelligence.
[ Argument 1 ] Human-level creativeness may not remain a suitable standard to criticize that of artificial intelligence. Assuming that True Artificial Intelligence has full human-like functions, its sense of humor and creativeness may differ from ours.
[ Argument 2 ] Furthermore, when True A.I. exceeds human-level intelligence, it will be more difficult for us to judge whether its seeming creativity comes from its consciousness or its potent computing power so as to act intelligently to trick human beings. The latter might even challenge the current perception of creativity.
Conclusion
[ Resolution ] True Artificial Intelligence hypothetically will be equipped with far variable, advanced, and smarter techniques than any A.I. at present, but it still has a long way to be realized. Whether the True Artificial Intelligence will have creativity, therefore, needs more researches and developments of artificial intelligence to have a further discussion.
[ Expansion ] All in all, A.I. technology should be embraced [specific purpose] for its clinical potential in fields of creative works should not be wasted.
Thank the audience.
References
1. “artificial intelligence” Britannica. Accessed November 2, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
2. “Types of artificial intelligence—weak A.I. vs. strong A.I.” IBM. Accessed November 2, 2021. https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence#toc-types-of-a-q56lfpGa
“Weak A.I.—also called Narrow A.I. or Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)—is A.I. trained and focused to perform specific tasks. …… Strong A.I. is made up of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI). Artificial general intelligence (AGI), or general A.I., is a theoretical form of A.I. where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans; it would have a self-aware consciousness that has the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)—also known as superintelligence—would surpass the intelligence and ability of the human brain.”
3. Yihang, Bo. Jinhui, Yu. & Kang, Zhang. “Computational aesthetics and applications.” Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art. 1, no.6 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-018-0006-1