Python lambda 函数
首先,这个语法跟C++的语法几乎一样;
通常称 lambda 函数为匿名函数,也称为 丢弃函数,因为应一下子就不要了,不会长期凝结下来形成SDK API;本人觉得它有点类似 inline 函数,或者叫做 小小函数,一行写罢;
先运行要给简单的例子,让问题具象一些:
#######################
(base) hipper@hipper-G21:~$ python
Python 3.11.3 (main, Apr 19 2023, 23:54:32) [GCC 11.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>>
>>> triple = lambda x: x + x + x
>>> triple(3)
9
>>> print(triple(2))
6
>>>
#######################
#######################
>>> import math
>>> eucli = lambda x, y, z: math.sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
>>> eucli(3,4,0)
5.0
>>>
#######################
其中,这里的triple 和 eucli 是lambda 函数对象的指针;
那么,lambda函数用在什么场景呢?
#######################
import math
def add_x_y_z(x, y, z):
add = lambda a, b: a+b
sum = add(x, y)
sum = add(sum, z)
return sum
print( add_x_y_z(3, 4, 5))
#######################math 没用到
filter函数,顾名思义是对list中的每个元素做过滤,并返回一个新的list;
从数学考试得分list中,找出优秀的分数:
#######################
(base) hipper@hipper-G21:~/ex/ex_python/lambda_ex$ ipython
Python 3.11.3 (main, Apr 19 2023, 23:54:32) [GCC 11.2.0]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 8.12.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: score_list=[77, 65, 47, 83, 77, 97, 89, 51, 92]
In [2]: outstanding_list=list(filter(lambda score: (score>80), score_list))
In [3]: outstanding_list
Out[3]: [83, 97, 89, 92]
In [4]:
#######################
map函数,会把list中的元素一一作为参数,返回值一一构成新的列表;
#######################
(base) hipper@hipper-G21:~$ ipython
Python 3.11.3 (main, Apr 19 2023, 23:54:32) [GCC 11.2.0]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 8.12.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: num_list=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
In [2]: is_even_list=list( map( (lambda num:(num%2==0)) , num_list ) )
In [3]: is_even_list
Out[3]: [False, True, False, True, False, True, False]
In [4]:
#######################
reduce函数在包functools 中,按照某个运算符一一累算 list中的所有元素
#######################
(base) hipper@hipper-G21:~$ ipython
Python 3.11.3 (main, Apr 19 2023, 23:54:32) [GCC 11.2.0]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 8.12.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from functools import reduce
In [2]: num_list=[1,2,3,4,5]
In [3]: sigma=reduce(lambda a1, a2: a1+a2, num_list)
In [4]: sigma
Out[4]: 15
In [5]: order=reduce(lambda a1, a2: a1*a2, num_list)
In [6]:
#######################